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A Study on Port Efficiency in the Russian Arctic as a Key Factor for Trade Growth in the Northern Sea Route

북극항로 무역 성장을 위한 러시아 북극의 항만 효율화에 관한 연구

  • 일라나 (인천대학교 동북아물류대학원) ;
  • 이향숙 (인천대학교 동북아물류대학원)
  • Received : 2023.07.29
  • Accepted : 2023.08.26
  • Published : 2023.08.31
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Abstract

The rapid melting of Arctic sea ice has increased interest in the Northern Sea Route (NSR) as a viable alternative trade route between Europe and Asia. While extensive research has examined its competitiveness in terms of technical feasibility, safety, profitability, and environmental impact, the topic of the NSR ports remains relatively underrepresented in the literature. Hence, this study aims to contribute to the existing research by assessing the efficiency of 17 NSR ports to gain insights into their operations and identify areas for improvement using models of Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA). The obtained results show that efficient ports mainly belong to the western NSR region, with ports like Murmansk and Varandei consistently demonstrating high efficiency and constant returns to scale. Several ports, such as Onega, Arkhangelsk, Naryan-Mar, and Khatanga, showed inefficiencies in the utilization of berths and quay lengths. The findings not only contribute to academic knowledge but also offer practical implications for NSR port authorities, assisting them in making well-informed decisions regarding infrastructure development plans.

북극 해빙의 급속한 용해는 유럽과 아시아 사이의 실행 가능한 대체 해로로서 북극항로에 대한 관심을 증대시켜 왔다. 현재까지 북극항로의 기술적 실현 가능성, 안전성, 수익성, 환경 영향 등을 고려한 광범위한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 북극항로는 국제 교역의 중요한 루트가 될 것이며, 무역 원활화를 위해서는 항만 효율성이 무엇보다 중요하다. 그럼에도 불구하고 북극항로의 중요한 위치해 있는 항만들, 특히 러시아 북극 항만들의 효율성 평가에 대한 연구가 제한적인 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구는 데이터 포락 분석(DEA) 모델과 Malmquist 생산성 지수를 적용하여 러시아 17개 항구의 운영 현황을 분석하고, 효율성을 평가하고자 한다. DEA 분석 결과, 주로 서부 지역에 속하는 항만들의 효율성이 높게 나타났으며, 특히 무르만스크와 바란데이와 같은 항구는 지속적으로 높은 효율성과 꾸준한 규모의 수익을 보여주고 있음이 규명되었다. DEA-Malmquist 모형 결과에 의하면 기술발전에도 불구하고 모든 항구에 대한 전반적인 자원 활용 효율성의 개선 정도가 상대적으로 적은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 인프라 개발 계획 및 관련 정책 수립을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고, 북극항로 항만 당국에 실질적인 시사점을 제공한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the 4th Educational Training Program for the Shipping, Port and Logistics from the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries.

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