• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.162-162
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• 2002

염소소독 결과 수돗물 중에 존재하는 Dichloroacetic acid(DCAA)와 Trichloroacetic acid(TCAA)는 동물실험 결과 발암성 등 악영향을 일으키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 화합물들은 수돗물을 사용할 때 열을 가하면 그 농도가 변하게 된다. 이 연구에서는 설문조사를 통해 개인이 하루 동안에 섭취하는 수돗물의 양과 섭취패턴을 조사하고, 각 가정마다 수돗물의 농도를 측정하여 DCAA 및 TCAA에 대한 경구섭취 노출량을 평가하고자 실시하였다. 춘천에 위치하고 있는 60가정을 2002년 1월부터 2월 사이와 7월부터 8월 사이에 방문하여 수돗물을 채취하고, 주부를 대상으로 24시간 동안의 물 사용에 대한 설문을 실시하였으며, 아침 첫 소변을 회수하였다. 수돗물 및 소변 중 DCAA 및 TCAA에 대한 분석은 methyl ester 형태의 유도체를 만든 후 GC/PDECD로 분석하였다. 수돗물을 가열하면 DCAA의 농도는 증가하고, TCAA의 농도는 감소하였고, DCAA 및 TCAA의 경구 섭취량은 수돗물 중의 농도에 섭취부피와 가열시간에 따른 농도변화율을 곱하여 산출하였다. 실험 대상자들의 평균 수돗물 섭취부피는 1.7$\ell$이었고, 평균 가열시간은 10~15분이었다. 추정한 DCAA의 섭취량은 찬 수돗물만을 마시는 것을 가정한 것에 비해 182% 높았고, TCAA에 대해서는 30% 낮았다 이와 같은 결과는 우리나라 사람들의 식생활이 국이나 찌개 및 보리차 등과 같이 가열한 음식이나 음용수를 많이 섭취하기 때문이다. 그러므로 음용수 중 DCAA 및 TCAA의 인체 섭취 노출평가를 하기 위해서는 섭취한 부피뿐만 아니라 가열에 따른 농도 변화도 동시에 고려하여 야 한다.배 센타의 재고 완충역할을 수행하게 한다. 이에 따라 안전 재고 및 역 배송을 최소화 할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 미 출고로 인한 손실을 최소화하며 고객의 서비스를 일정하게 유지시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.증진, 페기물 발생 억제 분야에 상당한 성공을 거두었으며, 지금도 지속적으로 유지 관리 및 미비한 부분(CAER, 등)의 향상에 노력하고 있다. Dow Korea의 수입 판매 부분에 주로 관련된 Product Stewardship 및 Distribution Code는 여러 사업부 및 여러 지역(미국, 유럽, 아시아 등)에 위치한 담당자가 관련된 까닭에 가장 복잡한 부분이어서 많은 인력과 시간을 소비하면서 노력하고 있으나 아직까지 소정의 목표에 도달하지 못했으며, 2000년 말에 모든 실행지침이 실행되도록 목표, 실행 계획 및 조직을 수정하여 노력하고 있다.lumn density at distant position from MD5 is larger than that in the (:entral region. We have deduced that this hot-core has a mass of 10sR1 which i:s about an order of magnitude larger those obtained by previous studies.previous studies.업순서들의 상관관계를 고려하여 보다 개선된 해를 구하기 위한 연구가 요구된다. 또한, 준비작업비용을 발생시키는 작업장의 작업순서결정에 대해서도 연구를 행하여, 보완작업비용과 준비비용을 고려한 GMMAL 작업순서문제를 해결하기 위한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.로 이루어 져야 할 것이다.태를 보다 효율적으로 증진시킬 수 있는 대안이 마련되어져야 한다고 사료된다.$\

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.503-510
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• 2013

Recently, localized heavy rain is increased by climatic changes and landslide is increased. Also, because of landslide occurred in urban area, life and property damages are increased. Therefore, standard operation procedure of disasters should be established by steps and institutions so as to respond landslide. This thesis investigated application of current disaster manual so as to write SOP of landslide for disaster prevention related experts and accepted opinion for responding necessaries by using landslide SOP and important matters by step of disaster management. As the result of investigation, application of manual was low during the current response to disasters and application was the highest in responding step among the steps of disaster management. In case of landslide, they responded that response with SOP is necessary. During the organization of landslide SOP, they responded that training and education for landslide disaster are important at the step of prevention, conduction of landslide disaster broadcasting and provision of information are important at the step of preparation, guidance for evasion and behavior methods is important at the step of response and investigation of landslide disaster damages and reflection of record and evaluation are important at the step of recovery. In addition, for the requests for landslide SOP application, there was an importance of secondary factors such as expansion of professional manpower, strengthening of law and institution, education and training for SOP acquisition, etc.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.20
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• pp.141-157
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• 2010

Though the education of culture and art for disabled children is very important, it has not been brisk yet until recently due to 'absence of the teaching methods suitable for disability types, levels and programs.'. In this situation, cartoon contents can be used as the most appropriate tools for culture and art education for mentally retarded children. Entertainment functions and genre features of cartoon contents can motivate the applicable children to participate more voluntarily and positively and function as teaching tools for interesting activities. Of course, since it is not proper to apply the cartoon contents for normal children to Special Education Field as they are, cartoon works should be made by understanding closely the characteristics and degrees of retardation of the applicable children and applying them to the composition of cartoons. However, for the contribution of this attempt to education field, it is thought that concrete guidelines for producing cartoon contents considering the concept of various types of disability, emotion, social behavioral traits, ability of cognition, school achievements, and the characteristics of language and physical health should be necessary, and to improve the application of the developed cartoon contents so that they will not remain as superficial results, sufficient communication with the applicable children such as application to classes in the process of development is necessary.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.307-320
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• 2007

In this study, we attempted to provide a distinctive cognitive, emotional 'Auditory User Interface (AUI) Design Guideline' according to home appliance groups and their functions. It is an effort to apply a new design method to practical affairs to overcome the limit of GUI centered appliance design and reflect user multimodal properties by presenting a guideline possible to generate auditory signals intuitively associable with the operational functions. The reason why this study is required is because of frequent instances given rise to annoyance as not systematic application of AUI, but arbitrary mapping. This study tried to provide a useful guideline of AUI in home appliances by extracting the relations with cognitive, emotional properties of a certain device or function induced by several properties of auditory signal and showing the empirical data on the basic mechanism of such relations.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.73-78
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• 2016

The Installation, Maintence, and Safety Control of Fire-fighting Systems Act of South Korea regulates that over 30-storey high-rise buildings including underground spaces should vitally perform the Performance-based Design to minimize property damage and personal injury as a fire risk assessment in advance. Therefore a PBD designer such as a fire safety professional engineer evaluate occupant's life safety by a scientific methodology. In order to evaluate the life safety, fire safety designers calculate the Required Safety Egress Time (RSET) which does not have the legal criteria regarding the standard method of calculation yet. So this way has been showing different results depending upon the designer's choice, knowledges and experiences. In this study, RSET calculation methods by six designers respectively were analysed from the thirteen reports of real performance based design projects conducted in Busan for a last five years. In particular, the Response Time calculation methods which have the most powerful effect for figuring the RSET are compared with the other designer's to deduce an error value.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 2009

During the maintenance period at Korean nuclear power plants, internal exposure of radiation workers occurred by the inhalation of $^{131}I$ released to the reactor building when primary system opened. The internal radioactivity of radiation workers contaminated by $^{131}I$ was measured using a whole body counter. Intake estimation and the calculation of committed effective dose were also conducted conforming to the guidance of internal dose assessments from publications of International Commission on Radiological Protection. Because the uptake and excretion of $^{131}I$ in a body occur quickly and $^{131}I$ is accumulated in the thyroid gland, the estimated intakes showed differences depending on the counting time after intake. In addition, since ICRP publications do not provide the intake retention fraction (IRF) for whole body of $^{131}I$, the IRF for thyroid was substitutionally used to calculate the intake and subsequently this caused more error in intake estimation. Thus, intake estimation and the calculation of committed effective dose were conducted by manual calculation. In this study, the IRF for whole body was also calculated newly and was verified. During this process, the estimated intake and committed effective dose were reviewed and compared using several computer codes for internal dosimetry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.714-722
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• 2017

The TPLMs is a system to manage the total amount of pollutants discharged from the watershed in order to achieve the target water quality of the river. In this process, the pollutant load can be classified into generation, discharge and delivery load. When using equation 2, the discharge coefficient should be 1. In case of using equation 3, it is considered that the discharge coefficient defined in the Technical Guideline should be applied. The delivery load is calculated as the product of the discharge load and the delivery ratio, and the delivery ratio is defined as the rate at which the pollutant discharged from the watershed reaches a specific point in the stream. In this study, the delivery ratio estimation method proposed by Hwang (2016) was applied to the Yonggang watershed in the Nakdong river. And the input data of QUALKO2 model was generated by using the estimated delivery ratio (equation 3) and the validation study was conducted by comparing with DRave (equation 2). As a result of the study, it is possible to use both the equation 2 and the equation 3, but it is necessary to change the methodology according to the application of the discharge coefficient.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.115-143
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• 2020

This study conducted a survey on the current status and satisfaction of libraries participating in the opening hours support project in order to continue it to meet the purpose of improving information access and life welfare. To this end, a questionnaire and interview survey were conducted for those in charge of opening hours for each library, and the results are as follows. First, the opening hours support project is a project that needs a strategy that fits the characteristics of the region and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to consider operating independently rather than relying on national support in the future through the preparation of regional-oriented operation plans. Second, it is necessary to establish a flexible operating model for opening hours that both employees and users can understand. Third, it is necessary to prepare an organizational operation plan that requires both duties and responsibilities along with the rights equivalent to existing regular employees. Fourth, in order for national public libraries in Korea to develop and implement a consistent policy for specific policies and projects, it is necessary to unify the separate public library operating system in the future. Fifth, it is necessary to prepare education and guidelines for the continuity and stable operation of the project, and to activate services other than labor costs, such as support for improving the space for the user's pleasant use.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.53
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• pp.83-105
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of In-Flight Security Officer responsible for the security of the aircraft in the situation where Acts of Unlawful Interference in Aircraft shows an increasing tendency and the aircraft security is threatened by the terror threat of IS(Daesh) and to suggests its policy implications. Based on the problems of In-Flight Security Officer system found in the media reports and laws, the US Air Marshal system and the domestic similar system were presented to the In-Flight Security Officer developmental implications. First, it is necessary to revise the "Operational Guidelines for Airline Operators' In-Flight security officer" and the related qualifications to the "National Technical Qualifications" system. Second, the plan to change the national civil servants of In-Flight Security Officer in the aircraft, Third, it is a plan to use the registered security guard system in the aircraft. Although this study has limitations the accessibility of information related to aviation security. But, contributions of this study is that the government's efforts to create the public sector jobs, the "strengthening of public services in the country", "the establishment of national accountability for safety accident prevention and disaster safety management" in the "A five-year plan for Government Operation" that it has a timeliness in that it is together. In addition, since there are not many researches related to In-Flight Security Officer, this study also has another contribution as a basic study of the researchers in the aviation security aircraft in the future.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.136-145
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• 2011

One of a large proportion among the causes of fire is electrical factors, and of fire by electric factors, the accident which accounted for over certain percentage is electric leakage and ground fault. In order to reduce the electric leakage and ground fault, the technical guidelines on the protection of ground fault in the low-voltage electrical line (KECG 1091-2011) was amended for reflecting recent international standard, IEC 60364-4-41, and new conservation methods, which improved the reliability by recovering the facility's all-time use operation and breakdown defect, was on the rise. Accordingly, in this paper, after grasping the fire's status for last 10 years and analyzing the risk of electrical fires, and as a way to improve the electric leakage and ground fault accident which accounted for more than certain percentage, the revision of KECG 1091-2011 will be reviewed. And then, after applying to the preventive conservation methods in order to enhance the protection reliability of electric leakage and ground fault detection, the problems at issue routine inspection scheme and durable years scheme in time-scheduled conservation method are listed, along with suggestion of the problem-solving scheme, and the leakage current integrated monitoring systems and digital electric leakage devices by status monitor conservation method will be proposed.