• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.263-271
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• 2016

The market size of the bone absorptiometric X-ray system and the number of its approval by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) has annually increased, with a trend of increasing aging population and osteoporosis patients. For approval of manufactured or imported medical devices in Republic of Korea, it is required to submit its technical document. Therefore, it is need to develop the technical document guideline for the bone absorptiometric X-ray system for manufacturers, importers and reviewers. First of all, the technical documents which were already approved were examined and analyzed through MFDS approval administration system. Second, safety and performance test standards and methods that match international standards were drawn after conducting survey of the market status and the technology development trend for it, with examination and analysis of applicable domestic and overseas standards. Third, by operating industry-research-government cooperation, the guideline draft on writing technical document for the bone absorptiometric X-ray system was discussed, collecting their opinion. As a result, it is suitable to international and domestic condition, includes test evaluation methods and offer various information with appropriate examples to civil petitioner, when they write the technical documents.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1987

Hypertermia for the treatment of cancer has been introduced for a long time and the biological effect for the use of hyperthermia to treat malignant tumors has been well established and encouraging clinical results have been obserbed. Unfortunately, however, the engineering or technical aspects of hyperthermia for the deep seated tumors has not been satisfactory. We developed the radiofrequency capactive hyperthermia device (Greenytherm-GY8) in cooperation with Yonsei Cancer Center and Green Cross Medical Corporation. It was composed with $8{\sim}10MHz$ RF generator, capacitive electrode, matching system, cooling system, temperature measuring system and control PC computer. The thermal profile was investigated in agar phantom, animals and in human tumors, heated with capactivie RF device. Deep and homogeneous heating could be achieved in a large phantom of 25cm diameter and 19cm thick when heated with a pair of 23cm diameter electrodes, coupled to both bases of the phantom, when the size of the two electrodes was not the same, the region near the smaller electrode was preferentially heated. It was, therefore, possible to control the depth of heating by choosing proper size of electrodes. Therapeutic temperature $(42^{\circ}C{\sim}43^{\circ}C)$ could be obtained in the living animal experiments. Indications are that deep heating of humn tumors might be achieved with the capacitive method, provided that subcutaenous fat layer is cooled by temperature controlled bolus and large size of electrodes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.497-503
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• 2018

Passenger ships and training ships have a common feature in that they serve many passengers. Thus, safe navigation is very important. During normal sailing, a ship may turn using various types of steering, including maneuvers to avoid collisions with dangerous target. When a ship turns, a heeling angle occurs. If trouble arises during sailing, a dangerous heeling angle may result or a capsizing accident. In this study, the heeling angle during turning was measured through experimentation with two training ships similar to passenger ships. These findings were compared with theoretical formulas for heeling angle when turning. We confirmed that the limit of the maximum heeling angle estimation using heeling angle formula when turning presented in IMO stability criteria. In addition, it was confirmed that the maximum estimated heeling angle can be reached by applying the result calculated in the theoretical formula 1.4 times when turning right and 1.1 times when turning left to reflect sailing speed when of rudder hard over. It is expected that this study will provide basis data for establishing safe operation standards for the prevention of dangerous heeling angles when turning.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.364-375
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to compare arch dimensions and frequency distribution of arch forms between Korean and Japanese Class I, II, and III malocclusion groups. Methods: The sample consisted of 368 Korean cases (114 Class I, 119 Class II, and 135 Class III malocclusion) and 160 Japanese cases (60 Class I, 50 Class II, and 50 Class III malocclusion). The most facial portion of 13 proximal contact areas was digitized from photocopied images of the mandibular dental arches. Clinical bracket slot points were calculated for each tooth based on mandibular tooth thickness data. Four linear and two proportional measurements were taken. Measurements are statistically analyzed in each malocclusion group. The dental arches were classified into square, ovoid, and tapered forms to determine and compare the frequency distributions between the two ethnic groups. Results: The findings of this study showed that Japanese females in Class I and II groups had a statistically significant narrower mandibular dental arch width compared with the Japanese males, Korean males and Korean females. But in the Class III group, there was no significant difference in the mandibular dental arch size according to the two ethnic groups and genders. Conclusions: The majority of Koreans and Japanese in all the malocclusion groups exhibited square and ovoid arch forms. The most frequent arch forms found in Koreans was square but ovoid for Japanese.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.13 no.2 s.19
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• pp.93-97
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• 1974

This paper describes experiments made to develop a technique for marking insects and get the informations for ecological studies as a means of tagging flies with radioactive phosphorus, and also to learn the effect on the subsequent generation of flies. Tests were conducted with house flies, Musca domestica L. emerged front the larvae that had reared in a media containing various concentrations of P-32. Radioactivity of the flies was measured with end-window type $(2mg/cm^2)$ Geiger-Muller counter and proportional counter made by Aloka. In following the daily increases in counting rates by 6-day-old larvae it was apparent the larvae in the starting media containing the higher concentrations of P-32 were showing high counting rates. It was found that about 13.2 per cent of the radioactive material remained in the empty puparia after the flies emerged. Radioactivity of the emerged flies decreased gradually and the biological halflife of phosphorus-32 was approximately 6.14 days with considerable variation. A significant amount of P-32 were detected in the abdominal and thoracic sections as compared with other parts of adult. The activity of phosphorus·32 in eggs and larvae produced by adults reared in medium containing 0.2 microcurie or more of P-32 per gram were readily detected with Geiger-Mi·lier counter. On the other hand, the radioactivity of eggs and larvae produced by the treated males crossed with untreated normal females could be only detected in the medium containing more of 2.0 microcurie with G.M. counter. There was no apparent damage to the flies at dosages as high as 0.5 microcurie per gram of medium. For field studies a concentration of 0.5 microcurie of P-32 per gram of artificial medium appears to give adequate labeling for positive identification of flies and their egg masses.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2007

배경: 소아 진정 치료 시 서로 다른 용량의 chloral hydrate와 hydroxyzine을 복용 후 midazolam을 구강 점막 하 주사했을 때 행동 반응을 비교하였다. 방법: 총 32회 진정법을 통해 치과치료를 받은 30명의 나이 24-72개월, 체중 20 kg 미만의 미국 마취과학회 신체등급 I의 건강하지만 겁이 많고 협조가 안 되는 소아 환자를 대상으로 2개 치아이상의 보존 치료 및 발치를 필요로 하는 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 호흡기 질환이 있는 아이들은 이 연구에서 제외되었다. 연구 계획은 이대 목동 병원의 임상 실험 심사 위원회에 제출되었다. 1군은 chloral hydrate 50 mg/kg와 hydroxyzine 1 mg/kg 복용 후 점막 하 midazolam 0.2 mg/kg을 추가 투여했고 2군은 chloral hydrate 60 mg/kg와 hydroxyzine 1 mg/kg 복용 후 점막 하 midazolam 0.1 mg/kg을 주사 받았다. 50% nitrous oxide는 치료 중 두 군 모두 유지되었다. 전날 수면 시간과 약물 복용 태도를 기록하였으며 모든 치료 과정은 비디오로 촬영되었다. 맥박 산소 계측기를 이용하여 경피적 산소 포화도와 맥박수를 기록하였고 행동 반응은 Houpt scale을 이용하여 매 2분마다 40분 동안 기록되었다. 전반적인 행동 반응은 Houpt scale를 이용하여 평가되었다. 모든 자료는 SPSS 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 two sample independent t-test를 사용하였다. P 값은 0.05 미만인 경우를 통계학적으로 유의하다고 보았다. 결과: 두 군 간의 경피적 산소 포화도와 맥박수는 모두 정상 범위이며 유의한 차이가 없었다. 행동 반응 비교에서는 치료 처음 10분 동안 2군이 1군에 비해 점수가 높게 나왔으며(P < 0.05), 그 외에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 전날 총 수면 시간과 약물을 복용하는 태도는 수면 치료 중의 행동 반응에 영향을 주지 않았다. 결론: Chloral hydrate 50 mg/kg 복용과 점막 하 midazolam 0.2 mg/kg은 chloral hydrate 60 mg/kg 복용과 점막 하 midazolam 0.1 mg/kg과 비교할 때 두 약물의 조합은 모두 소아 환자 수면 치료시 안전하고 효과적인 용량이다. Overall behavior와 Q (quiet)의 분포를 비교해 볼 때 두 군 모두 성공적인 진정효과를 기대할 수 있다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.3 s.80
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• pp.297-306
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• 2000

Lateral cephalometric X-ray films in maximal intercuspation and maximal opening of 68 children were taken and analyzed to examine the pattern of condylar movement and to study the relationship between opening movement and morphologic factors of craniofacial skeleton. The results were as follows : 1. The mean value of maximal opening capacity was 47.1mm, condylar moving distance was 18.1mm, horizontal condyle movement was 17.5mm, vertical condyle movement was 3.8mm and condylar moving angle was $13.1^{\circ}$. 2. The maximal opening capacity had positive relationship with the length of anterior cranial base, mandible and maxillary complex and with posterior facial height and had negative relationship with articular angle, sagittal jaw relationship. 3. Vertical condyle movement and condylar moving angle had positive relationship with articular angle and had negative relationship with gonial angle. 4. Horizontal condyle movement and condylar moving distance had positive relationship with the length of maxillary complex.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.78-78
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• 2003

심혈관계질환의 예방과 영양교육의 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 성인 남녀를 대상으로 규칙적인 운동 습관과 음주, 흡연, 폐경, 비만 여부에 따라 신체계측치와 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, LDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol 등의 혈청지질 및 영양소 섭취량을 비교 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1)체중이나 신장, 비만 정도 및 WHR 등 신체계측지수는 음주나 흡연 여부에 따른 차이가 없었으나, 혈청 중성지방 농도를 유의적으로 상승시켰다. 2)음주군은 비음주군에 비하여 단백질의 열량비율(% RDA)이 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.05), 흡연군은 비타민 A와 나이아신, 비타민 B6, 엽산, 비타민 C, 비타민 E의 섭취량에 있어서 비흡연자들보다 낮은 경향을 보였다. 3)운동에 의한 혈청지질 농도에는 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나, 남성들의 경우 현재의 체중과 PIBW, Quetlet index, 엉덩이둘레가 비운동자들보다 많은 것으로 나타났다. 영양소 섭취량에 있어서 남성의 경우 운동군이 비운동군에 비해 콜레스테롤과 나이아신 및 인을 더 섭취하고 있었으며, 당질의 섭취비율은 유의적으로 더 낮았다(p<0.05). 여성의 경우에는 불포화지방에 유의적 차이를 보여 비운동군의 불포화지방 섭취량이 더 많았다(p<0.05). 4)폐경한 여성의 경우 폐경 전 여성에 비하여 신장은 더 작고 WHR은 더 높았다. 폐경 이후 estrogen 분비의 변화로 인하여 혈중 지질 성분 중에서는 cholesterol이 198.4$\pm$36.3mg/dl, LDL이 119.5$\pm$34.9mg/dl로 폐경 전의 수치보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.01). 5)비만 여부는 남자의 경우 콜레스테롤 농도에(p<0.01)), 여자의 경우 중성지방 농도(p<0.01)에 대해 의미있는 설명력을 보이는 변수로 작용하고 있었다. 그러나 식이 섭취상태와의 관련성은 나타나지 않았다. 이상에서 생활습관이 신체계측치 및 혈중 지질 농도와 일부 상관을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 건강위험 요인도 관찰할 수 있었다. 고지혈증은 심혈관계질환의 주요한 위험 인자로 알려져 있으며, 그 유발 요인에는 여러 환경적인 요인과 식이 요인이 있다. 또한 생활습관은 영양소의 섭취량에도 영향을준다. 이처럼 식이 요인과 생활습관은 단독 혹은 상호 영향을 주게 되므로 고지혈증 및 심혈관계질환을 개선하려면 식사요법과 생활습관 교정을 병행하여야 한다. 고지혈증의 원인 중의 하나로 지적되고 있는 음주와 흡연은 상호 유도작용이 있으므로 금연이나 절주를 하고자 할 경우 두가지를 동시에 자제해야 효과적일 것으로 생각된다. 폐경후 여성들에게 발생 빈도가 높은 심혈관질환의 위험요인인 고지혈증을 예방하고자 하는 노력은 폐경후 여성들의 삶의 질적 향상을 위해서도 매우 중요하다. 또한 균형식 섭취와 운동을 통해 혈중 지질 수준을 건강하게 유지하고, 비만으로의 이행을 방지함으로써 심혈관계질환을 예방하도록 하여야겠다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

The community bridge node finder, based on the stochastic method of network analysis, can compute hubs spot, which would enable the use of network structures with limited information. However, applying this node finder to heterogeneity networks, which are efficient to analyze the main farm complex in fields and the spread of infectious disease, is difficult. These problems, The most connected point that is called hub is often a major role in the heterogeneity network. In this study, we therefore improved the community bridge node finder to enable it to be applied to heterogeneity networks. We attempted to calculate the bridge node quantitatively by using the modularity of cohesion analysis method and the community bridge node finder. Application of the improved method to the HPAI(Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza) spread in Korea 2008 produced a quarantine coefficient that was 4 - 37% higher than the quarantine coefficient obtained with the centrality method for the first 14 days after the HPAI outbreak. We concluded that the improved method has the ability to successfully calculate the bridge node in heterogeneity networks based on network structures with scant information, such as those describing the spread of infectious disease in domestic animals. And Our method should be capable to find main farm complex in fields.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.112-123
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• 2012

Different from general roads, intersections are the points where roads having different geometric structure and traffic operation system are met, and thereby they have complicated road structure and environmental factors. Various changes in driving patterns such as collision between vehicles approaching from roads adjacent to intersections, sudden stop of vehicles upon stop sign, quick start upon green lights kept increasing traffic accidents. It is known that traffic accidents are mainly derived from human factors. This study, in order to find out factors affecting drivers' behaviors within intersections, measured physiological responses such as brain wave, sight, driving speed, and so on by using state-of-the-art measuring device. As to concentration brain wave at individual intersections, it was found out that brain wave of testes was higher at main Arterial and accident-prone intersections compared with that of subsidiary Arterial. In addition, it was detected that drivers' visual activity was widely distributed at accident-prone intersections, meaning that it enhanced cautious driving from nearby vehicles. As to major factors causing drivers' workloads, factors from nearby vehicles such as deceleration, acceleration, lane change of nearby vehicles appeared as direct factors causing drivers' workloads, clarifying that these factors were closely related to causes of traffic accidents at intersections. Results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for evaluation of safety at intersections in consideration of physiological response of drivers.