• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

The seasonal variations of water quality and periphyton were investigated in an artificial stream (the Cheonggyecheon Stream) flowing through the Seoul City. TP showed a longitudinal gradient: 10 to $59{\mu}gP\;L^{-1}$ in the upper stream sites, and 15 to $90{\mu}gP\;L^{-1}$ in downstream sites. POP was a major form of TP in the water, occupying over 60%, while the proportion of DIP was less than 10% except for St. 4. N/P atomic ratio ranged from 78 to 554, which implies phosphorus would limit algal growth more than nitrogen. The biomass of periphyton did not show much difference among sites, and it was relatively higher in spring and fall season $(10\sim20{\mu}gChl\;{\alpha}cm^{-2})$ and lower in August $(<5{\mu}gChl\;{\alpha}cm^{-2})$, possibly because biofilms were washed off during spates of summer monsoon. Cyanobacteria was the dominant taxon in the periphyton community throughout the year. The periphyton standing crop can be classified as a nuisance level. It seems that phosphorus level is sufficiently high even though the input water is treated chemically, and modest water velocity $(20\sim90cm\;sec^{-1})$ and rocky bottom provide optimal conditions for periphyton growth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.458-462
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• 2004

eSCM은 고객과의 주 접촉 수단으로써 다른 어떤 수단보다 비용절감과 시간적 공간적 제약을 극복할 수 있는 인터넷을 통해 공급체인을 구성하고 있는 모든 기업을 하나로 묶어 네트워크를 형성함으로써, 정보공유와 커뮤니케이션을 가능하게 하여 네트워크상의 모든 자원의 효율을 높이는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 공급체인상의 모든 구성원 간의 통합이 실질적으로 효과를 나타내기 위해서는 조정된 방법으로 운영되어야 한다. 기업 환경의 새로운 변화에 유연하게 대처, 구성원간의 거래에서 정상 루트를 벗어난 예측하지 못했던 상황 즉, 고객의 변심에 따른 주문량 변경/취소, 계절적 요인으로 인한 주문량 폭주, 원자재/부품의 공급지연에 대한 납기 일정 수정 등에 대해 능동적이고 자율적으로 대처할 수 있는 공급체인 내에 Intelligent 기능을 가진 조정 에이전트를 적용한 개선된 공급체인 도입을 요구하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 eSCM의 구성원을 에이전트로 나타내어 이를 바탕으로 조정 에이전트 기반의 eSCM을 모델링하고 시뮬레이션을 통하여 그 조정 능력을 분석한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.643-645
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• 2018

The risk mitigation service based on network provides monitoring of the risk event data to be inputted and analyses its big data to be stored in real time. Furthermore, it performs the analysis of the plant disease risk such as a red tide, and livestock disease risk such a food-and-mouth disease, avian influenza, and rinderpest, and provides the mitigation service. The application model for risk mitigation is the real time acquisition monitoring of risk events, and mitigation service for the risks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.641-649
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• 2017

In the study, the water quality of the Imjin River basin with pollutants of changing characteristics it was determined through statistical analysis, correlation analysis, principle component and factor analysis, and cluster analysis. Among all analyzed data points, the average water quality concentration at the Sincheon 3 site shows high levels of BOD 13.4 mg/L, COD 19.9 mg/L, T-N 11.145 mg/L, T-P 0.336 mg/L, TOC 14.2 mg/L, indicating that Sincheon basin requires intersive water quality management out of the entire drainage basin. The correlational analysis of comprehensive water quality data shows statistically significant correlation between COD, TOC, BOD, T-N water quality factors, as well as finding of high correlation between organic and nutrients. The principal component analysis show that 2 main components being extracted at 81.221% from the measuring station's entire data, while seasonal data show 3 main components being extracted at 96.241%. Factor analysis of the entire data set and the seasonal data identify BOD, COD, T-N, T-P, TOC as the common factors influencing water quality. The spatial and temporal cluster analysis showed 4 groups and 3 groups, respectively, according to seasonal characteristics and land use. By analysing the water quality factors for the Imjin River basins over an 8 year period, with consideration to the spatial and temporal characteristics, this study will become the fundamental analytic data that will help understand the future changes of water quality in the Imjin River basin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.246-251
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• 2003

공급체인관리는 개별적 기업 에이전트(마케팅, 자재, 구매, 생산, 유통등)를 통합하여 운용하도록 하는데, 이러한 통합은 한 기업에서 국한되는 것이 아니라 공급자로부터 소비자까지의 공급체인의 모든 에이전트에게 적용된다. 공급체인의 에이전트들 간의 통합이 실질적으로 효과를 나타내기 위해서는 상호 정보 공유 및 조정된 방법으로 운영되어야 한다. 전자거래에 대한 요구가 증대되면서 새로운 변화에 유연하게 대처하고 예측하지 못했던 상황, 즉 Order에 대한 주문량 변경/취소, 새로운 고객 등장(긴급을 요구하는 Project등)으로 새로운 Order 생성, 계절적 요인으로 인한 주문량 폭주, Event에 의한 특정 상품에 대한 Cost Down 및 Cost 복원, 원자재/제품의 불량처리에 대한 Delivery 일정 수정 등과 같은 사건에 능동적으로 대처할 수 있도록 공급체인 내에서 Intelligent 기능을 가진 Coordination Agent의 도입이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전자거래와 공급체인을 연계한 e-SCM에서의 조정 에이전트 시스템을 구현하고 Agent의 Coordination 능력을 분석한다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.647-658
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to investigate the seasonal changes of phytoplankton communities based on the environmental changes in a dense oyster farming area (Hansan-Geoje Island) from June to December 2016. The water temperature varied from $14^{\circ}C$ to $28.8^{\circ}C$ and its salinity ranged from 29.4 to 34.2 psu. Nitrate+nitrite was kept at c.a. $3.0{\mu}M$ on the surface layer from June to July, below the concentration limit in August and early September, and then gradually increased from late September. Ammonia was high on July 20 and August 10, and its seasonal characteristics were not clear. Phosphate ranged from 0.01 to $0.7{\mu}M$ on the surface layer, and its seasonal changes were similar to those of nitrate+nitrite. Mean silicate concentrations were $10.7{\mu}M$ on the surface and $15.7{\mu}M$ in the bottom layer, and it was not acted as a limiting factor for the growth of phytoplankton. Among the phytoplankton community, Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae and Cryptophyceae was 61.2%, 22.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. In late June, dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense was dominant in the outer waters(St. T1), later on, Cryptomonas spp. and Chaetoceros spp. were dominant, respectively. From late September to October, diatoms Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Chaetoceros spp. were stimulated under non-stratified condition after the typhoon. In December, A. sanguinea was found to be $1.7{\times}10^5cells\;L^{-1}$. Seasonally, relative high phytoplankton biomass may be favorable to maintain high production of filter feeder oyster in the dense oyster farming areas of Hansan and Geoje Island.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.1
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• pp.86-92
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• 1999

Evapotranspiration is one of important variables affecting ecosystem processes such as vegetation distribution and growth. It acts as a limiting factor for natural water resource management. The transpiration of vegetation is mainly determined by climatic factors. The lower slope of the study area was densely forested with Pinus densiflora S. et Z. of 8 m height, and the upper slope was covered with poorly grown Pinus densiflora S. et Z. and Quercus trees. The amount of evapotranspiration was estimated to 590.3 mm/yr by annual water budget method. The canopy resistance of Penman-Monteith model was determined as 99 s/m. Seasonal evapotranspiration can be estimated with the calculated evaporation and the canopy resistance. The amount of evapotranspiration peaked in May. That is considered from both the direct evaporation of intercepted rainfall and the transpiration of vegetation during the dry spring season.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to clarify the origin of organic matters on sediment and the characteristics of seasonal variation at an estuarine tidal flat. Silt-clay content (<63 ${\mu}m$), chlorophyll a, TOC, C/N ratio and the stable isotope ratio of carbon and nitrogen were measured at tidal flat around the estuary of the Nanakita River. As a result, organic matters originating from marine organic matter and bethic microalgae greatly contributed to sedimentation of organic matters at Stn.A, sandy tidal flat, though terrigenous organic matters did at Stn.C, muddy tidal flat. Furthermore, it was revealed that the volume and origin of organic matters in the sediments depended on seasonal variation, and the factors were different from the Stns, i.e. bentic microalgae and event for Stn.A, and the eventual sedimentation of organic matters originating from terrestrial plants, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.332-338
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• 1988

The density of heterotrophic bacterial population and heterotrophic activity were measured at monthly interval from March, 1986 to March, 1987 at four sites in the Sudong Stream, a tributary of North Han River. Total bacterial numbers and maximum uptake velocity ($V_{max}$) of glucose ranged as 0.8-$25.2\times 10^{5}$ cells/ml, 0.0006-24.39.$\mu$gC/1/hr, respectively. $V_{max}$ of glucose showed marked seasonal periodicity, with highest values in summer. But density of viable bacteria varied considerably, with no definite seasonal pattern. At the nucontaminated site which located in upstream, heterotrophic bacterial population and activities were relatively low, and small variations were observed downstream flowing except the site where animal originated sewage inputs occurred. And this large input of allochthonous materials and bacteria was an important factor for the stream condition.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.615-628
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• 2004

In order to elucidate seasonal sedimentary characteristics and depositional environment after construction of seawall on macrotidal flat, a seasonal observations of surface sediments (total 450) and sedimentation rates on 4 transects have been investigated for 2 years. The eastern area of Iwon tidal flat, has been changed from semi-closed coast to open coast by construction of seawall, shows general seasonal changes similar to characteristics of open coast type, which represented both fining and bad sorted distribution due to deposition of fine sediments under low energy condition in the summer, and relatively coarser and better sorted distribution because of erosion of fine sediments in the winter. In considering angles of transects, distribution patterns of surface sediments, the northern and southern parts of eastern tidal flat are dominantly influenced by wave and tidal effects, respectively. As time goes by, the eastern tidal flat shows coarsening-trend of surface sediments caused by direct effect of tidal current, were and typhoon. Meanwhile the western area of seawall, which has been re-formed by construction seawall, is sheltered from northwesterly seasonal wind. The seasonal change pattern of western area of seawall is slightly different from that of eastern tidal flat. Mean grain size and sorting of surface sediments during spring is finer and worse than those during summer. This seasonal change pattern maybe influenced by topographic effects caused from the construction of seawall. In consideration of all result, the transport of fine sediments in the study area, which is supplied to limited sediments, shows clockwise circulation pattern that fine sediments are transported from the eastern tidal flat to the western area of seawall because of blocking of seawall in the winter and are transported reversed direction the summer. As a result, many changes have been observed in the study area after construction of seawall; however, this change is still in progress and is expected to need continuous monitoring.