• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 1987

Two phase reaction system was used to hydrolyze the olive oil for fat splitting. Kinetics of lipases in two phase system were investigated by determining the hydrolysis rate of triglycerides at various olive oil concentrations in isooctane using the microbial lipases from Candida rugosa and Rhizopus arrhizus. The rate equation in lipid hydrolysis for various olive oil concentrations in two phase system was deviated from the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The results suggested that the olive oil concentration in isooctane affects the interfacial area. The dependency of the interfacial area on olive oil concentration is greater at the lower olive oil concentration than at the higher substrate concentration. We modified the rate equation by considering the interfacial area between two phases depending on the olive oil concentration in solvent phase.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.506-512
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• 2017

The transfer reaction characteristics of tetracycline (TC) across a polarized water/1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) interface was studied via controlling both pH and ionic strength of the aqueous phase in conjunction with cyclic and differential pulse voltammetries. Formal transfer potential values of differently charged TC ionic species at the water/1,2-DCE interface were measured as a function of pH values of the aqueous solution, which led to establishing an ionic partition diagram for TC. As a result, we could identify which TC ionic species are more dominant in the aqueous or organic phase. Thermodynamic properties including the formal transfer potential, partition coefficient and Gibbs transfer energy of TC ionic species at the water/1,2-DCE interface were also estimated. In order to construct an electrochemical sensor for TC, a single microhole supported water/polyvinylchloride-2-nitrophenyloctylether (PVC-NPOE) gel interface was fabricated. A well-defined voltammetric response associated with the TC ion transfer process was achieved at pH 4.0 similar to that of using the water/1,2-DCE interface. Also the measured current increased proportionally with respect to the TC concentration. A $5{\mu}M$ of TC in pH 4.0 buffer solution with a dynamic range from $5{\mu}M$ to $30{\mu}M$ TC concentration could be analyzed when using differential pulse stripping voltammetry.

• Ceramist
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.61-68
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• 2000

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1443-1459
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• 2019

Polyglycerol fatty acid ester nonionic surfactants have been used for a long time in foods and have been suggested as an alternative to the safety problems of PEG based nonionic surfactants. The polyglycerol fatty acid ester surfactants are synthesized by combining a hydrophilic polyglycerin and a lipophilic fatty acid. The hydrophilic polyglycerin is polymerized using glycerin, glycidol, epichlorohydrin, etc. The main issues of the polyglycerol polymerization reaction are to increase the content of the polyglycerol in the form of linear rather than branched or cyclic forms and to narrow the distribution of the degree of polymerization. The method of binding a lipophilic fatty acid group to a hydrophilic polyglycerin includes chemical synthesis such as esterification reaction and enzyme synthesis using lipase enzyme. The main issues of polyglycerin fatty acid ester synthesis are to increase the yield and to control the degree of esterification while reducing side reactions.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.27-36
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the interfacial reactions between various Sn-Ag-Cu(SAC) solder alloys and ENIG(Electroless Ni Immersion Gold) and Cu-OSP(Organic Solderability Preservative) pad finish. In the case of the interfacial reaction between Sb added SAC solder and ENlf thinner P-rich Ni layer was formed at the interface. In the case of the interfacial reaction between Ni added SAC solder and Cu-OSP, the uniform $Cu_6Sn_5$, intermetallic compounds(IMCs) were formed and $Cu_6Sn_5$ grain did not grow after multiple reflows. Thinner $Cu_3Sn$ IMCs were farmed at the interface between $Cu_6Sn_5$ and Cu-OSP after $150^{\circ}C$ thermal aging.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 차세대 집적회로 device의 배선재료로서 사용될 가능성이 높은 Cu 금속을 무전해 도금으로 증착시킨 후 집적회로 공정에 필요한 열적 안정성에 대하여 고찰하 였다. MOCVD방법으로 Si 기판위에 TaN 박막을 확산 방지막으로 증착시킨 다음 무전해도 금으로 Cu막을 증착시켜 Cu/TaN/Si 구조의 다층박막을 제조하여 H2 환원 분위기에서 열처 리시킴으로서 열처리 온도에 따른 Cu 박막의 특성과 확산방지막 TaN와의 계면반응 특성에 대하여 고찰하였다. 활성화 처리와 도금용액의 조절을 적절히 행함으로서 MOCVD TaN 박 막위에 적당한 접착력을 지닌 Cu 박막층을 무전해 도금법을 사용하여 성공적으로 증착시킬 수 있었다. XRD, SEM 분석결과에 의하면 H2 환원분위기에서 열처리시켰을겨우 35$0^{\circ}C$~ $600^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 결정립 성장이 일어나 Cu 박막의 미세구조 특성이 개선됨을 알수 있었다. 또한 XRD, AES 분석에 의하여 열처리 온도에 따른 계면반응 상태를 조사해본 결과 $650^{\circ}C$ 온도에서는 Cu 원자가 TaN 확산방지막을 통과하여 Si 기판내로 확산함으로서 계면에서 Cu-Si 중간화합물을 형성하였다.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.556-563
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• 2000

In general, the development of thermoplastic composites has been confronted with difficult problems such as the weak bonding strength between fibers and matrix. However, now, such problems are being surmounted by the development of resins, the improvement of processes, and introduction of interphase. Especially, the introduction of interphase between fiber and matrix can help a dissipation of the impact energy and provide a good adhesion between fibers and matrix. In this study, polymeric interphase was introduced by electrodeposition, modified polypropylene was added to improve the weak bonding strength between interphase and polypropylene matrix. By evaluation of interlaminar shear strength and impact strength of the composites, it was found that composites with introduced composites showed higher mechanical properties than those of composites without interphase. Reactive polymers which have either anhydride or free acid functional group were used as interphase materials, and these polymers also behave as charge carrier in aqueous solution during the electrodeposition process. Weight gain on the carbon fibers was evaluated by changing process parameters such as concentration of solution, current density, and electrodeposition time.

• Composites Research
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.299-303
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• 2018

In order to improve the interfacial bonding force and reaction polymerization degree of the carbon fiber reinforced nylon 6 composite material, the surface of the existing epoxy-sizing carbon fiber was desized to remove the epoxy and treated with urethane, nylon and phenoxy sizing agent, was observed. The interfacial bond strength of the resized carbon fiber was confirmed by IFSS (Interfacial Shear Strength) and the fracture surface was observed by scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the interfacial bonding strength of the carbon fiber treated with nylon and phenoxy sizing agents was higher than that of urethane - based sizing. It has been found that the urethane - type resizing carbon fiber has lower interfacial bonding strength than the conventional epoxy - sizing carbon fiber. This result shows that the interfacial bonding between carbon fiber and nylon 6 is improved by removing low activity and smoothness of existing carbon fiber.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.118-151
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• 1997

Allergic contact dermatitis is a common skin disease resulting from specific immumologic sensitization to topically applied various allergen. Purpose of this study was to investigate skin morphologic chganges by light microscopic, changes of protein band by SDS-PAGE in the skin treated on the surfactant. Furthermore, lectin histochemistry is used to know the chagnges of the terminal sugar of the glycoconjugate in the skin treated on the surfactant. The results were as follows : The 1 day of treated group was indicated the enlargement of capillary, the 3 days of treated group was showed that the cytoplasm was eosinophlic by the pyknotic of nucleus. The 6 days of treated group was observed hyperkeratinoid, increased of inflammation cells to epithelium. The 9 days of treated group was appeares that serum crust was sheded and formed a acanthosis. But dermis layer was cytoplasmic vaculation and enlargement of intercellular space. The 12 days treated group made up new epidermis layer of seven layer and of observed an decreased in quantity of inflammation cells. The mast cell of degranulated type was increased in treated surfactnat. It was secreating granules hold histamin, serotonin and heparin. Accordingly, protein band of electrophortic phase was observed a sudden changes since 3 days treated group. At observeation of the cell-surface glycoconjugates, LCA, PNA, SBA and WGA lectin positive cells but inducated lectin negative cells in Con-A. Furthermore, PNA and SBA showed stroger positive reaction as treated surfactant group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.448-451
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• 2001

각각 소수성과 친수성을 나타내는 올레핀계 고분자인 PE 와 granule starch의 blend는 서로 다른 특성에 기인하여 거시적인 상분리 현상이 발현되며 두 물질간에 계면을 형성한다. 이와 같이 낮은 interfacial adhesion을 갖는 내부 구조는 외력에 대한 저항력이 급격히 저하되어 낮은 물성 특성을 나타낸다. (중략)