• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.436-437
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• 2003

고형오구의 분산안정화 작용은 고체 입자의 계면에 흡착한 계면활성제에 의한 전기적 반발력과 입체적 보호작용에 영향을 받게 된다. 특히 현재 시판세제의 조성에서 비이온계 계면활성제의 혼합이 점차 중요시되는 이때 입체적 보호작용에 의한 고형오구의 분산안정성은 의류제품의 세척성 제고에 좋은 정보가 되리라 생각된다. 따라서 본 연구는 시판되고 있는 세제 대부분이 음-비이온계 계면활성제의 혼합으로 되어 있는 점을 고려하여 음이온 계면활성제로서 D5S(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate), 비이온계 계면활성계 NPE(nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, EO$_{10}$) 혼합용액에서 음이온과 비이온계 계면활성제의 입자에의 흡착과 고형오구의 안정성을 관련시켜 고찰하였다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.283-286
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• 2002

유류로 오염된 부지에 토양세정기법을 적용하기 위한 전 단계로, 실험실 규모의 컬럼실험을 통하여 pilot 규모 현장 적용을 위한 설계인자 및 최적 운전조건을 규명하고자 적정 세척제 종류와 농도, 배합비 및 세정용액 주입유량을 고찰하였다. 회분식실험 결과 POE$_{14}$와 SDS(1:1)를 1%로 적용한 흔합계면활성제의 효율이 가장 우수하였으나, 예비실험 결과 음이온계 계면활성제인 SDS는 미생물에 독성을 끼치는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타나 같은 농도에서 효율이 거의 유사한 POE$_{5}$와 POE$_{14}$ 혼합계면활성제를 이용하여 실험하였다. 선정된 혼합계면활성제를 적용하여 디젤 오염토양 세척능력을 검토한 결과 세척제 농도 1%까지는 효율이 증가하다가 1% 이상의 농도에서는 다시 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 계면활성제 배합비는 1:1로 혼합하였을 경우 세척효율이 가장 우수하였다. 따라서 POE$_{5}$와 POE$_{14}$ (1:1) 1% 혼합계면활성제를 세척제로 선정하였다. 컬럼실험 결과, 주입 flux가 클수록 세정 제거된 총 유류의 양이 증가하였으며, 같은 pore volume의 세정용액 통과 시에는 flux가 작을수록 제거효율이 좋았다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.74.1-74.1
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• 2010

단결정 실리콘 태양전지 공정에서 이방성 습식 식각 용액을 이용하여 기판 표면에 피라미드 구조를 형성하는 것을 텍스쳐링이라고 한다. 실리콘 기판의 표면을 식각하여 요철구조를 만들어줌으로써 셀 내부로 입사되는 광량을 증가시켜 태양전지의 단락 전류 및 효율 향상 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 일반적인 태양전지 공정에서는 요철구조를 형성할 시 따로 마스크를 사용하지 않으며, 태양전지 급 웨이퍼를 절삭손상층 식각 한 후, 강염기성 용액과 알코올의 혼합용액에 담가서 이방성 식각을 실시하여 요철 구조를 형성한다. 본 연구는 기존의 텍스쳐링 공정에서 사용되는 대표적인 용액인 수산화칼륨(potassium hydroxide, KOH)과 알코올의 혼합용액과 사메틸수산화암모늄(Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide, TMAH)과 알코올의 혼합용액에 Triton X-100 계면활성제를 각각 첨가하여 실험을 진행하였다. 식각된 태양전지용 실리콘 기판의 표면은 주사전자현미경(Scanning Electron Microscope)을 통하여 관찰하였고, 분광광도계(UV/VIS/NIR Spectrophotometer)로 반사도 값을 측정하여 기판의 특성을 평가하였다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 1996

The dynamic surface tension of GL12 (easily biodegradable nonionic surfactant and mild to skin), LAS and SLES aqueous solutions and that of mixed surfactant systems were measured by the maximum bubble pressure method at different mixing ratios. The effects of various salt such as NaCl, CsCl and urea on the dynamic surface tension of mixed surfactant systems were also studied. The dynamic surface tension of GL12 was not influenced by the presence of salts. On the contrary, the dynamic surface tensions of anionic surfactants (LAS and SLES) were significantly affected by the salts. In the mixed surfactant systems, the effect of salt increased as the composition of anionic LAS or SLES increased in the GL12/LAS and GL12/SLES mixtures.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.413-420
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• 1998

The hydrophobic interaction has been studied on sodium naphthalene derivatives such as sodium 1-naphthaleneacetate (S1NA), sodium 1-naphthalenemalonate (SINM), sodium 2-naphthaleneacetate (S2NA), and sodium 2-naphthalenepropionate (S2NP) in $H_2O$-MeOH mixture solutions and in surfactant solutions. In $H_2O$-MeOH mixture solutions, the hydrophobic interaction was measured, and resulted in the red shift in emission spectra. In cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylamonium bromide (CTAB) solution, the hydrophobic interaction was also observed by the red shift in absorption and emission spectra.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 1998

To enhance the washing efficiency of soil polluted by hydrophobic organic compounds, the effects of electrolytes and monomeric organic additives on micelle formation and washing efficiency of mixed surfactant solutions were investigated in this study. The surface tensions and critical micelle concentrations(CMCs) of the single and mixed surfactant solutions[$POE_5$/SDS] supplemented by NaCl were measured to investigate the effects on washing efficiency, and the composition ratios of surfactants and NaCl were optimized for the efficient soil washing system. As the mixing ratio of $POE_5$/SDS was increased to 80%, the mixed surfactant with 0.01M NaCl showed more proportional increase of washing efficiency than the mixed surfactant without any salts. The 3% solution of $POE_5$ and SDS(80%/2o%) with 0.01M NaCl showed the washing efficiency of 90%. However, the washing efficiency was not enhanced by NaCl addition to the single surfactant solution of $POE_5$. The CMC of SDS(0.049%) was higher than that of $POE_5$(0.016%), but the CMCs of mixed surfactants were decreased as the mixing ratio of $POE_5$ was increased. Alcohols having longer chain and branched carbon chain were found to be desirable for the soil washing additives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 1997

A series of batch tests were conducted to evaluate the design parameters for the application of soil washing techniques to the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs)-contaminated soil using mixed surfactants. Because the mixed surfactants form different structures of molecular aggregates from single surfactant, they were applied to improve the washing efficiency. Kinds of surfactants added, mixing ratio, and total concentration of mixed surfactants were evaluated. The uncontaminated soil was obtained from a country hill near Nock-Chun Station in Seoul. The portion of soil passing #4 (4.75 mm) sieve was used. The pH, organic contents and cation exchange capacity were 4.4, 1.6% and 4.08 meq/100 g, respectively The soil was artificially contaminated by n-dodecane. The 5% solution of OA-5 and OA-14 (1:1) showed 86% washing efficency. The 4% solution of SDS and OA-5 (1:1) showed 95% washing efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.171-176
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• 1998

The effect of non-ionic surfactants added by hydroxides was studied to wash HOCs-contaminated soil. The kinds and concentrations of additives-mixed surfactants suitable for the soil washing were found. The effects of temperature on the soil washing were analyzed and the relations of HLB and cloud point were estabilished. As the base strength was increased, the washing efficiency was increased : NaOH＞KOH＞ Mg(OH)$_2$>Al(OH)$_3$. Washing efficiency was not enhanced by Al(OH)$_3$for coagulation effect. When NaOH was added to POE$\_$5/ washing efficiencies by 0.01 M and 0.1 M solutions were increased to 62.5% and 67.3%, respectively. At 1 M of NaOH washing efficiency was decreased to 4.2%. The Optimum concentration ratio of mixed surfactant ［POE$\_$5//POE$\_$14/] was 1.8%/1.2% without additives. But optimum concentration ratio of surfactants was changed to 1.2%/1.8% with 0.01 M of NaOH addition. The surface tensions and CMCs of mixed surfactant added by NaOH solutions were investigated. The addition of NaOH reduces the surface tension of more hydrophobic surfactants. The nonionic surfactant of higher HLB showed highed cloud point.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.87-89
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 Sorfactant/Cosolvent 혼합용액을 적용한 Soil flushing 기법에 의해 농약(Endosulfan(6,7,8,9,10,10-Hexachlor-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methane-2,3,4benzo (e)dioxathiepin-3-oxide))으로 오염된 토양의 정화효율을 알아보았으며, 회분식 및 연속식 실험을 통하여 최적의 운전조건을 도출하고자 하였다. 세척용액의 적정 사용조건을 알아보기 위한 회분식 실험은 Jar tester를 사용하여 진탕비 (토양 중량 : 세척용액 부피), Surfactant(SDS ＋ POE$_{5}$, POE$_{9}$ ＋ POE$_{14}$, POE$_{5}$ ＋ POE$_{14}$, POE$_{14}$)와 보조용매(water, ethanol, methanol, ethanol＋methanol)의 혼합비 및 농도 조건을 변화시켜가며 토양세척을 수행하였다. 세척용액은 보조용매에 Surfactant의 농도를 0.5%, 1%로 용해하여 적용하였다. 연속식 실험은 회분식 실험에서 얻어진 최적 세척용액 사용조건 즉, 계면활성제 SDS + POE$_{5}$(1:1, 용액농도 1%), 보조용매 ethanol을 일정 비율로 혼합한 세척용액을 오염된 토양이 충진된 유리칼럼에 여러 유량조건에서 1 - 20 pore volume까지 통과시켜 각 통과된 pore volume에서의 토양세척 효율을 알아보았다. 본 실험조건에서 얻어진 세척용액의 최적 통과 속도는 0.31 ㎤$cm^{-2}$$min^{-1}$ 이었으며, 세척온도의 증가에 따른 세척효율의 향상은 2$0^{\circ}C$이상에서 크게 둔화되었다. 또한 보조용매의 사용량을 줄이기 위해 에탄올을 물로 1:3까지 희석한 결과 세척효율에 큰 영향이 없음을 알 수 있었다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.881-885
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• 1997

The solubilizing capacity of GL-12, LAS, SLES aqueous solutions and that of mixed surfactant systems were studied using sudan III, which is oil-siluble dye. The solubilizing capacity of mixed surfactant systems was greatly influenced by the mixing ratios. Generally, the solubilizing capacity increased as the composition of GL-12 in the mixed systems increased. From the effect of NaCl on the solubilizing capacity, it was found that the solubilizate is located near the palisade layer in the GL-12/LAS system, and the solubilizate is located inside the micellar core in the GL-12/SLES mixed system. These differences in the location of slubilizate inside micelles result from the difference of molecular structure between LAS and SLES.