• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.267-270
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• 2006

In Korea, for a long time Rhus verniciflua has traditionally been used as an herbal medicines plants. A stem of Rhus verniciflua has been used to treat gastrointestinal trouble with in form of boiled chicken as a folk medicine. But it has been recognized as an extremely active allergen causing skin reactions. The chief allergenic component, urushiol, is found within the oleoresinous sap of Rhus verniciflua. Most components of urushiol have unsaturated side chains. These unsaturated side chains of urushiol are important to polymerization of these natural products. The urushiol components in Korean lacquer were isolated by reversed phase HPLC. The molecular weight of purified urushiol was determined as 340 from mass analysis. This compound was identified as Heptadecatetraenyl catechol (MW 340).

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-42
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• 2019

Objective : This study is a report on treatment effect of Korean medical treatment to ALS(Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) patient. The purpose of this case study is to improvement of Korean medical treatment and evaluate prognosis and clinical course of ALS patients. Methods : The patient was treated by acupuncture, Su-Gi therapy, herbal medication, physical treatment. To determine the effects of Korean medical treatment, we evaluated every four days used by Korean version of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (KALSFRS-R), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Severity Scale(ALSSS). Results : Before mental contraction caused by everyday life nursing management, symptoms such as lumbar pain, getting hoarse, lower limb powerless & spasticity, upper limbs powerless, neckache, tongue-tied etc. were improved after above treatment. K-ALSFRS-R and ALSSS scores were also increased till patient's mental contraction Conclusions : The Korean medical treatment is effective on local symptoms of ALS, and there is also functional improvement of ALS diagnosed by external examination. It is necessary to have more examination about ALS.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 2007

Purpose : Since the first report by Mendoza in 1990, there have been several studies reporting that long-term intravenous methylprednisolone(MP) pulse therapy combined with cyclosporin A(CsA) or cyclophosphamide might be beneficial for the treatment of steroid resistant focal segmental glometulosclerosis(FSGS). We investigated the therapeutic effect of long-term MP pulse therapy without CsA or cyclophosphamide on steroid resistant FSGS. Methods : The medical records of the 10 steroid resistant FSGS patients who were treated with MP pulse therapy by the Mendoza protocol without CsA or cyclophosphamide in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Results : The median age at onset was 2.6 years(range 1.1-10.6 years) and the median age at the initiation of therapy was 5.7 years(range 1.8-20 years). The median duration of follow-up was 35 months(range 4-132 months). At the end of therapy, 5 patients achieved complete remission(50%) and 2 partial remission(20%), one of whom relapsed after the therapy. Three patients did not respond to the therapy, two of whom progressed to end-stage renal failure during the therapy eventually requiring kidney transplantation. Conclusion : Intravenous long-term MP pulse therapy without CsA or cyclophosphamide by the Mendoza protocol may be effective in a subset of patients with steroid-resistant FSGS.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.610-618
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• 2008

Background: There are various treatment modalities for atherosclerotic arterial obstructive disease at the lower limbs, for example, conservative physical therapy, medication, operation etc. Yet it has been established that an arterial bypass operation is the most effective treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of arterial bypass operation within our experience and to determine the indicators of treatment. Material and Method: Ninety six patients received arterial bypass operation for atherosclerotic arterial obstructive disease from June 2002 to April 2006. We evaluated the feasibility of arterial bypass operation based on the improvement of symptoms and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and the surgical outcomes, as based on the complications, the amputation rates and the patency rates. We also assessed the possible risk factors such as gender, age, a smoking history, co-morbidities, the anastomotic sites, the graft size and the graft type. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients. The total mean follow-up period was $29.4{\pm}13.1$ months. Result: The mean age was $65.95{\pm}9.61$ and there were 88 male patients. The most common clinical manifestation was ischemic resting pain in the lower extremities. The underlying combined diseases were hypertension (61%), diabetes (43%), cardiac problems (35%) and smoking (91.7%). The most frequent site of arterial obstruction was the superficial femoral artery (44 cases, 40%). A femoropopliteal artery bypass operation with a Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) synthetic graft was done in 44 cases (40%) and the great saphenous vein graft was used in 11 cases. The postoperative ABI increased significantly from $0.30{\pm}0.11$ preoperatively to $0.63{\pm}0.11$ (p<0.001) postoperatively. In 8 cases, amputations above the ankle level were necessary. The graft patency rates were 86.4% and 68.0% after 1 and 3 years, respectively. There were 29 cases (30.21%) of patency failure; the male gender, smokers and hypertension were significantly more frequent in the failure group. Of these, hypertension was the most powerful risk factor (p=0.042). Conclusion: The arterial bypass operation is an effective treatment modality for controlling the symptoms such as pain and claudication, and for preventing major amputations for the patients with atherosclerotic arterial obstructive disease. This study suggests quitting smoking, strict blood pressure control, selection of an appropriate graft, regular outpatient follow up and proper medication would offer higher patency rates and more favorable outcomes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of weight control program on dietary habits and blood composition in obese middle-aged women. The program consisted of nutrition education, physical exercise and nutrition counseling was conducted for 12 weeks. Participants of the preliminary study were 255 obese women, among which 82 women participated in the nutrition education program. We evaluated the anthropometry, blood lipid profiles, dietary habits of obese women before and after the nutrition education. Dietary habits of the subjects were significantly improved in regularity of having breakfast (p < .05), the frequency of eating snack after dinner (p < .001), eating out (p < .01) and the speed of meal (p < .05) after the program. There was significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and systolic pressure of the subjects after nutrition education. Changes of atherogenic index and diastolic pressure were not significant, but had a tendency to decrease. All of the anthropometric outcomes except lean body mass such as BMI, percent body fat, fat mass, and WHR were significantly decreased after weight control program. These findings show that weight control program including nutrition education and counseling can improve dietary habits and weight control pattern, and lead the authors to recommend that public health organizations and dietetic professionals should educate obese women on practical strategies for an effective weight management.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2000

Purpose: MCNS is found in approximately $85\%$ of the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children and shows good prognosis with initial steroid therapy. However in FSGS, there is poor prognosis with initial therapy and shows higher rate of progression to chronic renal failure and relapse after kindney transplantation. We have experienced 8 patients who were diagnosed as MCNS on initial renal biopsy and then progressed to FSGS on follow-up biopsy. So we have investigated their clinical course and risk factors for transition of MCNS to FSGS. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study with a review of histopathologic findings and clinical manifestations of 296 cases of MCNS and FSGS that were diagnosed from January 1988 to May 1999. We classified them into 3 groups according to the histopathologic finding; MCNS, FSGS, MCNS progressed to FSGS in follow-up biopsy. Results: The number of children was 296 cases comprising 241 cases($81.4\%$) showing MCNS, 8 cases($2.7\%$) transition group, 47 cases($15.9\%$) FSGS. The mean onset age was $6.0{\pm}2.6$years in MCNS, transition group $8.3{\pm}2.3$years, FSGS $7.2{\pm4.3$years, and the gender (M:F) ratio was 3.7:1 in MCNS, 3:1 in transition group, 1.8:1 in FSGS. Comparing the presence of initial hematuria, hypertension,24 hour urine protein, serum albumin, serum creatinine, there were significant difference between the transition group and the FSGS group in the following points; 24hour urine protein $684:342mg/m^2/hr$(P<0.05), serum albumin 1.92: 2.47g/dL(P<0.05), serum cholesterol 494:343mg/dL(P<0.05). Refractoriness to steroid therapy was 13.3$\%$ in MCNS. $12.5\%$ in transition group, $29.6\%$ in FSGS; significantly higher in FSGS(P<0.05). Immunosuppressant therapy was performed in $58.5\%$ of MCNS, $100\%$ in transition group, $80.8\%$ in FSGS; transition group showed significantly higher .ate(P<0.05) comparing with MCNS. Mean number of relapse and duration from onset to first relapse showed no significance difference between these groups. Conclusion: 249 patients with MCNS have been followed and $3.2\%$ (8 patients) of them has shown change in pathologic diagnosis from MCNS to FSCS. The risk factor for transition could not be found. Our results point to the need for a follow-up biopsy to certify the possibility of transition to FSCS in some MCNS cases with refractory cases to steroid therepy, frequent relapsing cases, or in case of no remission in spite of vigorous immunosuppressant therapy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2001

Purpose : This study was peformed to evaluate the cosmetic outcome of conservative treatment for early breast cancer and to analyze the factors influencing cosmetic outcome. Materials and Methods : From February 1992 through January 1997, 120 patients with early breast cancer were treated with conservative surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. The types of conservative surgery were quadrantectomy and axillary node dissection for 108 patients $(90\%)$ and lumpectomy or excisional biopsy for 10 patients $(8.3\%)$. Forty six patients $(38\%)$ received adjuvant chemotherapy (CMF or CAF). Cosmetic result evaluation was carried out between 16 and 74 months (median, 33 months) after surgery. The cosmetic results were classified into four categories, i.e., excellent, good, fair, and poor. The appearances of the patients' breasts were also analyzed for symmetry using the differences in distances from the sternal notch to right and left nipples. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent variables influencing the cosmetic outcome. Results : Cosmetic score was excellent or good in $76\%$ (91/120), fair in $19\%$ (23/120) and poor in $5\%$ (6/120) of the patients. Univariate analysis showed that tumor size (T1 versus T2) (p=0.04), axillary node status (N0 versus N1) (p=0.0002), extent of surgery (quadrantectomy versus lumpectomy or excisional biopsy) (p=0.02), axillary node irradiation (p=0.0005) and chemotherapy (p=0.0001) affected cosmetic score. Multivariate analysis revealed that extent of surgery (p=0.04) and chemotherapy (p=0.0002) were significant factors. For breast symmetry, univariate analysis confirmed exactly the same factors as above. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size (p=0.003) and lymph node status (p=0.007) affected breast symmetry. Conclusion : Conservative surgery and postoperative radiotherapy resulted in excellent or good cosmetic outcome in a large portion of the patients. Better cosmetic results were achieved generally in the group of patients with smaller tumor size, without axillary node metastasis and treated with less extensive surgery without chemotherapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.614-618
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• 1998

Although mediastinal involvement by Hodgkin's disease is frequent, the initial presentation of the lymphoma by an endobronchial lesion is rare. A 23-year-old man was admitted with progressive dyspnea. Initial chest roentgenogram showed atelectasis of right middle and lower lobe. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed a polypoid mass obstructing the right mainstem bronchus. The mass lesion was histologically confirmed as Hodgkin's disease, nodular sclerosis type. He received systemic chemotherapy and improved rapidly.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.627-631
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• 2006

Purpose: Ischial region is common site of pressure sore as well as greater trochanteric area. In general, ischial pressure sore associated with a large subcutaneous bursa often requires radical surgical treatment. The authors performed sclerotherapy using absolute ethanol which was considered as an alternative in treating recurrent ischial pressure sore. Methods: From may 2005 to February 2006, 11 ischial pressure sore patients were treated sclerotherapy using absolute ethanol. The authors performed sclerotherapy using absolute ethanol in 11 patients in whom the ischial sore has recurred despite of multiple radical surgical treatment. The patients' original disorders were spinal cord injury in 9 patients, cerebral palsy in 1 patient and giant cell tumor in thoracic vertebrae 1 patient. Results: Recurrence of pressure sore was not found in any patient during the follow-up period. The swap of the bursa taken before the surgery was germ cultured and compared with the discharge from an end of the inserted drain tube. The germ cultured results after the surgery were tested negative in all patients. Conclusion: This method involves causing the bursa to become scarred and closing it up by sterilizing, fixing, and denaturing by the pharmacologic effect of absolute ethanol instead of surgical excision of the bursa. We felt that aforementioned treatment modality may be considered as an alternative in treating recurrent ischial pressure sore.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.657-661
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• 2009

Intramural esophageal dissection is a rare disorder that's characterized by a lengthy laceration between the mucosal and submucosal layers of the esophageal wall, and the esophageal wall is without perforation. The three different types of acute esophageal injury are a mucosal tear (Mallory-Weiss syndrome), full-thickness rupture (Boerhaave's syndrome) and intramural esophageal dissection. Most intramural esophageal dissections respond to conservative management with a very good prognosis. This rare condition should be considered in patients who present with acute chest pain, dysphagia or odynophagia, and particularly in the presence of a bleeding disorder or where there has been recent administration of antiplatelet medication, anticoagulantsorthrombolyticsto avoid inappropriate treatment with surgery. We present here a rare case of intramural dissection of the esophagus that occurred when the patient was taking anti platelet medication.