• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.97-110
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• 2002

목적 : 본 연구는 (a) 저빈도 전침의 만성 단발성 관절염에 대한 치료 효과와 (b) 척수에서 동통과 관련되는 지표인 P 물질과 trk A mRNA의 발현조절에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위해 실행되었다. 방법 : Complete Freund's adjuvant를 실험동물의 우측 경족근관절에 주입하여 관절염을 유발시키고 9주 동안 관찰하였다. 만성 관절염의 최적의 치료조건을 찾기 위하여 각각 세 종류의 경혈(환도, 용천, 족삼리)과 전침자극강도(0.5, 1, 2 mA)를 사용하여, 행동학적 지표로서 동통을 측정하였다. 측정 결과 가장 큰 효과를 나타낸 군을 선택하여 RT-PCR 방법을 사용하여 P 물질 및 trk A mRNA의 변화를 척수 후각과 후근신경절에서 측정하였다. 결과 : 관절의 굴신을 통한 통증 검사와 족과관절 둘레 길이 측정을 통하여 관찰한 결과 원위부에 위치한 환도에 저강도의 자극을 시행한 경우(환도, 0.5 mA)가 가장 우수한 치료 효과를 나타내었다. RT-PCR을 시행한 결과, 환측 후근신경절의 P물질이 관절염 유발 대조군의 경우 정상군에 비해 증가하였고 환도-0.5mA 군에서 다시 감소하는 것을 관찰하였으며, trk A는 관절염 유발군의 경우 척수 후각에서 양측성 증가를 나타내었고 이는 전침치료에 의해 다시 감소되는 것을 관찰하였다. 결론 : 환도 0.5mA의 저빈도 전침은 관절염을 효과적으로 감소시킬 뿐 아니라 관절염으로 증가된 후근신경절의 P 물질과 척수후각의 trk A mRNA 발현을 효과적으로 감소시켰으며, 이는 원위취혈로 선혈된 환도혈의 만성관절염에 대한 치료효과를 분명히 보여준다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.43-54
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture with various scales on symptoms of Idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Methods: Subjects were voluntarily recruited through newspapers and internet advertisement. All the subjects were confirmed as idiopathic parkinson's disease by a neurologist. The acupuncture therapy was performed twice a week for 4 weeks by oriental medical doctor at Kyung-hee University hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups : sham acupuncture group, acupuncture treatment group and Sasang-Constitution acupuncture treatment group. Acupun cture points used in acupuncture treatment group were $GB_{34}$, $LR_3$, and $ST_{36}$, which were proven to be effective in rat Parkinson's disease study. Acupuncture points used in sham treatment were non-acupoints near $GB_{34}$, $LR_3$, and $ST_{36}$. In Sasang-Constitution acupuncture treatment, we classfied Sasang constitution of patients by QSCCII. Acupuncture was applied based on theory of Korean medicine. The patient's symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment by one evaluator with Unified Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), modified Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y) stage, and Schwab & England activ ity of daily living and freezing of gait questionnaire (FOGQ). Results : The results were as follows ; 1. UPDRS IV score differences between sham group and Sasang-Constitution acupuncture treatment were statistically significant(p=0.001). 2. UPDRS total score differences between Sasang-Constitution acupuncture treatment and acupuncture treatment group, Sasang-Constitution acupuncture treatment and sham group were statistically significant(p=0.041, p=0.014). 5. FOGQ score differences between Sasang-Constitution acupuncture treatment and acupuncture treatment group, Sasang-Constitution acupuncture treatment and sham group were statistically significant(p=0.001, p=0.001). Conclusion : The results suggest Sasang-Constitution acupuncture treatment can be applicable to improve symptoms in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.225-235
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• 2007

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS) is Motor Neuron Disease(MND) that reveals muscle relaxation, bulbar palsy, extremities weakness, Pneumonia, in severe case, leads to death. Objectives : Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is one of the incurable disease. In Oriental medicine, Wei symptom is similar as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, so we diagnosed it as Wei symptom and treated in Oriental medical system. Methods : The patient was treated by acupunture, moxibustion, herb medication, physical treatment. The improvement of the patient was judged by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS), Grasping power on right arm, circumference of thigh and calf. Result : The patient had better condition for a while but the sputum irritated breathing and the day before he discharged vital sign was not stable and could not breath well. Conclusion : It is necessary to have more examination about the incurable syndromes such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and keep the patient's life better and expand their lives.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.59-71
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this review is to figure out which acupoints are frequently used to treat low back pain and which exercises are effective to low back pain. Methods We searched the three electronic database (RISS, KISS, KTKP) and manually checked related Korean journals and reference lists up to June 2013. We investigated the frequency of acupoints for using treatment of low back pain. We Introduce exercise therapies we can do easily at home without professional skills for treatment low back pain. Results We included 72 articles in this study. The most frequently adopted acupoints were BL25, BL23, BL24, GB30, BL40, BL26, BL60, GB34, BL52, BL57, GB39. The most frequently adopted meridian pathways were BL, GB, GV, ST. The most frequently adopted disease causing low back pain were HIVD (Herniated intervertebral disc), Lumbar sprain, Spinal stenosis, Compression fracture, Cauda equina syndrome, Spondylolisthesis, Ankylosing spondylitis. There are many exercise therapies (Lumbar stabilizing exercise, Resistance exercise, Bareunmom physical exercise, Mckenzie exercise, Williams exercise, Emblass exercise, Swiss ball exercise, Thera band exercise, Yoga) for treatment low back pain. Conclusions These results suggest that most frequently adopted acupoints were foot taeyang urinary bladder channel acupoints. Beacuse foot taeyang urinary bladder channel is passes through the waist, it will be effective for treatment of low back pain. Also exercise therapy is effective for enhance Muscular strength. In order to treatment of low back pain, Acupuncture treatment is also important, as well as exercise therapy.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.15-25
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• 2006

Objectives : ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$ is a medical literature dealing deeply with the theory of internal organs thought to be the core of theories in Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to explorer on the formation and the organization of ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$. Methods : We investigated the process of the formation of ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$ and analyzed the organization of ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$ on the medical-historical points of view. Results : As a result from studies. Main contents include 11 pieces of pictures about the positions of the regions of acupuncture and moxibustion as well as the internal organs, in addition to descriptions in detail regarding each disease in the internal organs, problems occurred among them, obstinate diseases, etc. Conclusions : A published book in Ming Dynasty and another transcribed by someone in Qing Dynasty as the xylographic books of this literature in China, which turned out to books referred considerably to contents of YangGae's ${\ulcorner}JonJinDo{\lrcorner}$, a famous doctor in Northern Song Dynasty in China. Moreover, the main contents of ${\ulcorner}HuaTaHyunMunNeJoDo{\lrcorner}$ greatly affected the theories of the internal organs for the following generations as they were quoted in Yicheon's ${\ulcorner}UiHakYipMun{\lrcorner}$ in Ming Dynasty in China.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.27-47
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study was to analyze how to treat various symptoms through the combination of Yoelgyoel $(LU_7)$ and Johae $(KI_6)$, according to reviewing the contents and data since Ling Shu (靈樞經) to recent literatures including thirty-five medical books. Methods : It was arranged and considered that the location, needling, and symptoms of each acupoint were described in various literatures before the publication of Chim Kyung Ji Nam (鍼經指南). Through various literature since the Publication of Chim Kyung Ji Nam, it was examined how to be recognized and be referred about Yoelgyoel $(LU_7)$ and Johae $(KI_6)$. Results and Conclusions : The location of Yoelgyoel is the superior 1.5cun at wrist joint striation, medial of extensor carpi radialis longus; the location of Johae is the depression part under foot medial condyle. Yoelgyoel is often used for respiratory organ disease, urinary organ disease, neuopsychiatory disease, musculoskeletal system disease; Johae is often used for urinary organ disease, circulatory organ disease. At Chim Kyung Ji Nam, Yoelgyoel is often used for thoraco-abdominal Pain, gynecological disease, digestive organ disease; Johae is often used for abdominal pain, gynecological disease, digestive organ disease. Therefore, these points are used together for general internal disease. As well, these are not directly continuous with Previous literatures from Chim Kyung Ji Nam. The combination of Yoelgyoel and Johae have been developed to the three categories as follows; it is quoted from as it is; it is reconstructed in the form of song; it has new symptoms enlarged. Consequently, the combination of Yoelgyoel and Johae was not bind to the rule of Up-Bottom harmony (上下配合), but asserted for the rule of Ju-Eng harmony (主應配合), which add specific acupoints to e combination of Yolgyol and Chohae as the complication of the symptoms.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

Objectives : Investigate the situation of Joseon Dynasty's Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Methods : the Acupuncture and Moxibustion methods in UiRimCh'walYo (${\ulcorner}$醫林撮要$\lrcorner$ 'Essentials of Oriental Medical Doctors') were studied. Results and Conclusions : First of all, the Acupuncture and Moxibustion methods in UiRimCh'walYo are narrated according to specific symptoms like diarrhea and stomachache, and not organized by the origin of illness or some abstract nature of a disease. In addition, it excluded complicated Acupuncture and Moxibustion methods, only adopting a couple of Acupuncture Bleeding methods and Moxibustion methods to simplify the technique as much as possible. Secondly, the Acupuncture and Moxibustion methods in UiRimCh'walYo, along with those in DongUiBoCam and Ch'imGuYoGyol introduce ways to perform moxibustion on the Umbilical Middle and Elixir Field. By focusing on the similarities between the three comtemporary medical works, it is possible to assume the existence of a unique acupuncture method using moxibustion on the Umbilical Middle and Elixir Field. Thirdly, the Acupuncture and Moxibustion methods in UiRimCh'walYo didn't go into detailed differentiation of symptoms and just concisely described one or two treatment methods for each symptom and simplified the prescription down to the core acupuncture points. This shows that the Acupuncture and Moxibustion methods in UiRimCh'walYo didn't seek its own cure but was edited in order to act as an appendix to Herbal Medicine. When integrating the conclusions above, it can be said that UiRimCh'walYo strived to use acupuncture and moxibustion simply and effectively inside the Oriental medicine's large boundaries of Herbal Medicine and Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Harmony with Herbal Medicine, an easy-to-find organization, and simple, easy-to-do prescription are what UiRimCh'walYo was about.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.169-176
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to compare the effects of tonification and sedation methods of Liver Meridian in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease mice model. Methods : We injected MPTP (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline for 5 consecutive days. Acupuncture treatments were given to the mice with MPTP at LR8 and LR4 to tonify Liver Meridian (Liver+) or LR4 and LR2 to sedate it (Liver-) for 12 day. At the 12th day after first injection, mice were perfused, and then tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunohistochemistry was performed in substantia nigra (SN) of their brains. After counting the number of TH-positive neurons, we compared their numbers among experimental groups. Results : The number of TH-positive neurons of Liver+ group was significantly increased compared to that of MPTP group in the SN. That of Liver-group was also increased more than MPTP group, but not significantly. Conclusions : Tonifying Liver Meridian might be effective therapeutic tools for the neuroprotection in subchronic MPTP-induced mice model.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.113-127
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• 2004

Objectives : The usage of acupuncture has gained popularity as an alternative method of treatment for certain chronic pain conditions. However, the efficacy of acupuncture in various diseases has not been fully established and the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. In the present study, the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) applied to foot samli$(ST_{36})$ on the carrageenan-induced knee arthritic pain was examined. Methods : A common source of persistent pain in humans is the knee arthritis. Knee arthritis was induced by injection of 2 % carrageenan $50\;{\mu}l$ into the knee joint cavity. When rats developed pain behaviors, EA was applied for 30 min. under enflurane anesthesia with repeated train stimuli at the intensity of 10X of muscle twitch threshold. The weight bearing force of the hind limb was measured for an indicator of pain level after each manipulation. Results : The average weight borne by the hind limb during normal gait was 55% of total body weight, which was reduced to less than 10% after knee arthritis. EA improved the weight bearing of the arthritic hind limb significantly for the duration of 4 hr. EA applied to $ST_{36}$ point produced a significant improvement of stepping force of the arthritic foot lasting for at least 4 h. However, $GB_{31}$ point did not produce any significant increase of weight bearing force. The analgesic effect was specific to the acupuncture point since the analgesic effect on the knee arthritis model could not be mimicked by EA applied to a nearby point, $GB_{31}$. The relations between EA-induced analgesia and endogenous nitric oxide(NO) and inducible NO synthase(iNOS)/neuronal NOS was also examined. Results were turned out that both NO production and nNOS/iNOS protein expression which is increased by arthritis were suppressed by EA stimulation applied to $ST_{36}$ point. Conclusions : The data suggest 1) that EA produces a potent analgesic effect on the rat model of chronic knee arthritis pain in a point specific manner and 2) that EA-induced analgesia modulate endogenous NO through the suppression of nNOS/iNOS protein expression.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the differences of effects in smoking cessation after acupuncture treatment and we hypothesized that the discrepancies might be caused by individual genetic differences. Methods : Acupuncture treatment was given to the subjects three times a week for the 231 healthy male Korean smokers without personal or familial history of psychiatric or neurological illness. We evaluated for differentiate responder and non-responder who showed more than 50% decrease in the cigarette consumption or the desire for smoking were regarded as responder, and less than 25% decrease in the cigarette consumption or the desire for smoking were regarded as non-responder, respectively. Allele and genotype frequencies of the Taq1 A polymorphism of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene were compared in 231male smokers. Chai-square analyses were performed to test for an interactive effect between the DRD2 Taq1 A allele. Results : The allele frequencies and genotype distributions of DRD2 gene among the smokers (n = 231) showed significant the differences in their genotype distributions. The responder and non-responder showed the difference in genotype distribution with a prevalence of A1 allele. A slightly positive association of DRD2 Taq1 A1 genotypes with smoking was observed. Conclusions : This experiment results indicate that the present of DRD2 allele genotype showing significant difference in the genotype distributions between responders and non-responders could be explained by the difference in the genetic effect of DRD2 A1 allele.