• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.1-32
• /
• 2003

An analysis on cause-specific mortality at the provincial level provides essential information for policy formulation and makes it possible to draw hypotheses regarding various diseases and causes of death. Although the mortality level and causes of death at the provincial level are determined by the multiple effects of socioeconomic, cultural, medical and ecological factors, this study primarily intends to examine similarities and differences of cause-specific mortality at the provincial level. Utilizing the registered death and the registered population as of 1998, the delayed death registration and unreported infant deaths were supplemented at the provincial level and age-standardized death rates and life tables were calculated. Regarding the mortality level due to all causes, major findings were as follow: (1) For both sexes as a whole, Seoul showed the lowest mortality level, and Jeonnam showed the highest mortality level; and (2) The differences of the mortality level among provinces were greater for males than females and for those less than 65 years than those 65 years and over. Regarding the cause-specific mortality level revealed in all indicators (cause-specific age-standardized mortality rates and the probability of dying at birth due to a specific cause for males, females, and both sexes combined respectively), the major findings were as follow: (1) The mortality level due to heart diseases was the highest in Busan and the lowest in Gangweon; (2) The mortality level due to liver diseases was the highest in Chonnam; and (3) The mortality level due to traffic accidents was the highest in Chungnam and the lowest in Inchon. As the mortality differentials at the provincial level are related to various factors, exploratory statistical analysis is attempted for the 25 explanatory variables including socioeconomic variables and 90 mortality variables. Mortality due to all causes are related to socioeconomic variables. Among cause-specific mortality, mortality due to liver diseases and traffic accidents is related to socioeconomic variables. Finally, the need to improve the quality of death certificate is discussed.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.13 no.3 s.40
• /
• pp.47-51
• /
• 2006

Recently, CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) is one of very important processing in semiconductor technology because of large integration and application of design role. CMP is a planarization process of wafer surface using the chemical and mechanical reactions. One of the most important components of the CMP system is the polishing pad. During the CMP process, the pad itself becomes smoother and glazing. Therefore it is necessary to have a pad conditioning process to refresh the pad surface, to remove slurry debris and to supply the fresh slurry on the surface. A conditioning disk is used during the pad conditioning. There are diamonds on the surface of diamond disk to remove slurry debris and to polish pad surface slightly, so density, shape and size of diamond are very important factors. In this study, we characterized diamond disk with 9 kinds of sample.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.368-386
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to present the technology value model based on profit approach and IITP practical guide for Ethernet network technology, which is the core technology of autonomous vehicles and connected cars in the hyper-connected industry. In-vehicle network, Ethernet technology, Ethernet port count, port pricing, and application data for technology assessment are sources of global market research organizations. The data on the company's COGS (Cost of Goods Sold), operating capital requirement, capital expenditure, and income statement data are used by the Bank of Korea's Business Analysis Report. According to the results of the study, the product market size was estimated to be US $470.3 billion and the technology market size was $52.1 billion over the seven years of economic life cycle of technology. The market value of the technology was estimated to be $260 million reflecting the possibility of entry into the market. In the case of the corporate management analysis report, the average value of the IITP and the top 25% were $0.7 million and $40.2 million, respectively. -27.8 million, and -73.6 million dollars respectively. This implies that government support for policy support is needed when conducting corporate R&D with high cost-to-sales ratio. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the evaluation of technology demand based ICT R&D technology in the industrial internet market in the fourth industrial revolution era.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.2 s.28
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2006

An existing Steel pipe, Cast iron pipe and Concrete pipe is can not escaped from aging, specially Metal tube is causing many problems that the quality of water worse is concerned about many rust and mike efficient use of preservation of water. The use of Glassfiber Reinforced Plastic Pipe(GRP PIPE) should be one of the possible scheme to get over these problems. The GRP PIPE has an excellent resistance power and the life is lasting from 50 to 100 years roughly. It's to be useful as a result of high durability and a good construction work also it is a light weight therefore can be expected to short the time of construction and man power. In this research, to executed the small-scaled model test, in-situ model test using CLSM of in-situ soil and to evaluated the stress - strain of the pipe also try to estimated how useful is. From the model test in laboratory, the vertical and horizontal deformation of the GRP PIPE measured in six instance using 200mm and 300mm in diameters. The value of experimentation, theory, analysis got the same results of the test, but the vertical and horizontal deformation gauged in small and the earth pressure was almost zero using CLSM of in-situ soil..

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.537-548
• /
• 2022

It is important to design the pavement thickness considering heavy-duty traffic loads, which can cause excessive stress and strain in the pavement. Port-rear roads and industrial roads have many problems due to early stress in pavement because these have a higher ratio of heavy loads than general roads such as national roads and expressways. Internationally, composite pavement has been widely applied in pavement designs in heavy-duty areas. Composite pavement is established as an economic pavement type that can increase the design life by nearly double compared to that of existing pavement while also decreasing maintenance and user costs. This study suggests a thickness design method for composite pavement using roller-compacted concrete as a base material to ensure long-term serviceability in heavy-duty areas such as port-rear roads and industrial roads. A three-dimensional finite element analysis was conducted to investigate the mechanical behavior and the long-term pavement performance ultimately to suggest a thickness design method that considers changes in the material properties of the roller-compacted concrete (RCC) base layer. In addition, this study presents a user-friendly catalog design method for RCC-base composite pavement considering the concept of linear damage accumulation for each container trailer depending on the season.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.37-68
• /
• 2018

This study examines the effects of entrepreneurial orientation and external oriented organizational culture on the firm perfornamance focusing on mediating effects of open innovation. The survey was conducted on Korean manufacturing firms with 100-5,000 employees among listed companies and external auditing companies. The validity of the research model and hypotheses was verified through analysis of structural equation model for 283 valid responses. Empirical results show that entrepreneurial orientation positively affects both open innovation and firm's performance. The external oriented organizational culture of firms appears to be positive effects on open innovation, but the effect between the external oriented organizational culture and firm's performance shows no statistical significance. Open innovation have positive effects on firm performance. In addition, a test for mediation effects of open innovation reveals that a full mediation exists between the external oriented organizational culture and firm's performance, while there is a partial mediation effect between entrepreneurial orientation and firm's performance. This study contribute to the literature by deepening understanding on the open innovation. We propose an integrated model for examining antecedent factors, open innovation and performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 1999.07a
• /
• pp.159-159
• /
• 1999

니켈 산화물 박막을 전자비임 증착법으로 기판온도는 RT~25$0^{\circ}C$의 범위에서 제작하였다. 제작시 초기 베이스 압력은 2$\times$10-6mbar로 하고 산소주입후 작업진공도를 3$\times$10-4mbar로 유지하여 증착하였다. 제작시 기판온도에 따라 제작된 시료들은 각각 X선회절장치(XRD)로 막의 구조과 그림과 같이 입방체 구조 또는 팔면체구조를 갖음을 알 수 있었으며 막의 표면형상은 SEM을 이용하여 분석하였다. 각각의 여러 기판온도에 따라 제작된 니켈 산화물 박막의 전기 화학적인 특성을 분석하기 위해 순환전압전류법을 이용하였다. 또한, 전기적인 광학소자로써의 특성을 분석하기 위해 UV-Vis 광분광기를 사용하여 투과율을 측정하여 그 특성을 알아보았다. 순환전압전류법에 의한 각 시료에 대한 박막의 전기화학적 특성은 0.5M KOH 전해질 수용액에서 기판온도가 150~20$0^{\circ}C$로 제작된 니켈 산화물 박막이 다른 온도에서 제작된 시료들보다 높은 전기화학적 안정성을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 마찬가지로 광학적 특성에서 착색과 탈색의 순환과정시 분광광도계에서 나타나는 광투과율을 비교해 보면 100~20$0^{\circ}C$에서 제작된 니켈 산화물 박막이 가역적인 착탈색의 색변화가 현저하게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로 광학적 특성 및 전기화학적 안정성 분석으로 인해 막의수명과 전기적착색 물질의 특성면에서 증착시 기판온도가 150~20$0^{\circ}C$에서 제작된 시료가 가장 내구성면에서 막의 이온 누적이 적고 활성적인 광투과율의 성질을 갖는다는 것이다. 이와같이 니켈산화물 박막제작시 기판온도가 전기적착색물질의 특성과 내구성에 큰 영향을 미침을 분석할 수 있었다.electron Microscopy)과 AFM(Atomim Force microscopy)으로 증착박 표면의 topology와 roughness를 관찰하였다. grain의 크기는 10nm에서 150nm이었고 증착막의 roughness는 4.2nm이었다. 그리고 이 산화막에 전극을 형성하여 유전 상수와 손실률 등을 측정하였다. 이와 같이 plasma를 이용한 3-beam에 의한 증착은 금속의 산화막을 얻는데 유용한 기술로 광학 재료 및 유전 재료의 개발 및 연구에 많이 사용될 것으로 기대된다.소분압 조건에서 RuO2의 형성을 관찰하였으며, 이것은 열역학적인 계산을 통해서 잘 설명할 수 있었다.0$\mu\textrm{m}$, 코일간의 간격은 100$\mu\textrm{m}$였다. 제조된 박막 인덕터는 5MHz에서 1.0$\mu$H의 인덕턴스를 나타내었으며 dc current dervability는 100mA까지 유지되었다. CeO2 박막과 Si 사이의 결함때문이라고 사료된다.phology 관찰결과 Ge 함량이 높은 박막의 입계가 다결정 Si의 입계에 비해 훨씬 큰 것으로 나타났으며 근 값도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 포유동물 세포에 유전자 발현벡터로써 사용할 수 있음으로 post-genomics시대에 다양한 종류의 단백질 기능연구에 맡은 도움이 되리라 기대한다.다양한 기능을 가진 신소재 제조에 있다. 또한 경제적인 측면에서도 고부가 가치의 제품 개발에 따른 새로운 수요 창출과 수익률 향상, 기존의 기능성 안료를 나노(nano)화하여 나노 입자를 제조, 기존의 기능성 안료에 대한 비용 절감 효과등을 유도 할 수 있다. 역시 기술적인 측면에서도 특수소재 개발에 있어 최적의 나노 입자 제어기술 개발 및 나노입자를 기능성 소재로 사용하여 새로운 제품의 제조와 고압 기상 분사기술의 최적

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.82-88
• /
• 2012

The usage of recycling agent is the most effective way of enhancing the performance of recycled asphalt pavement. Generally, many countries accepted these recycling agents retarding the various types of cracks resulted in binder aging. Contrary to such general tendency, recycling agents are used as very small amount in domestic recycling plant. The main reason of this is relatively high price of recycling agent. Even though agent price is high, agent can be a effective and economical way of alternative in asphalt recycling. In this study, penetration and softning point test performed by using RTFO(Rolling Thin Film Oven) aged binder. And, PG(Performance Grade) at high temperature, fatigue and MSCR(Multi Stress Creep and Recovery) tests exercised. The oil type agent is worked well to retrieving target penetration number. In PG test, $G^*/sin{\delta}$ of agents identically showed high value and polymer type agent is good at recovery value.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.236-243
• /
• 2010

Power quality mitigation devices play an important role in lots of industrial segments. Although there were many devices available in the market, the selection of an appropriate device specially for voltage sags and interruptions mitigation has been a challenge in the utility and customer for several years. It usually depends on technical and economic characteristics of the device. Nevertheless, most mitigation method is selected by rule of thumb or empirical method. In this paper, the life cycle cost analysis for the probabilistic risk assesment of voltage sag mitigation method is performed using either the deterministic or probabilistic approach. The difference between a deterministic and a probabilistic cost analysis approach is illustrated with five different case studies. This paper not only provides a comparison of life cycle costing of various devices but it also indirectly shows the possible savings due to the mitigation of voltage sags in the form of a project balance chart.

• Explosives and Blasting
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.65-77
• /
• 2005

Reflecting the fact that there are increasing number of old high-story apartment structures in urban area, it is expected that the demand of blasting demolition will increase in the near future. It is of great important to make up for the insufficient empirical knowledge in blasting demolition through priori method such as computer simulation. Computer simulation of the blasting demolition involves complicated process. In the past domestic researches, two-dimensional bonded particle model was used to examine the overall demolition behavior of a five-story simple structure. It was observed that the two-dimensional simulation did not properly simulate the collapsing behavior of a structure mainly due to the reduced degree of freedom. In this study, three-dimensional simulation was tried. It consumed a great amount of calculation time, which limited the extent of the study. A few parameters, such as delay times, amount of charge at each hole, ball properties, were modified in order to check oui; their effect on the collapsing behavior. The differences were observed as expected but the collapsing behavior did not exactly coincide with the test blasting with a scaled model.