• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2013

With the increase in occurrence frequency and severity of natural disasters due to climate changes arising from global warming, damage in the landscaping field is rising. This leads to legal disputes, and is increasing social and economic damage, too. Especially even though landscape trees which are highly affected by external environments, suffer lots of damage from natural disasters, there is no specific scope of disaster criteria and thus it brings plenty of problems of damage restoration and compensation. Therefore, this study aims to suggest that gives ways to improve related criteria for damage of landscape trees from natural disasters. For this objective, this study analyzed damage cases of landscape trees and precedents, and compared Korean and Japanese legal systems and criteria regarding natural disasters with each other. The analysis result showed that opinions of experts have a great deal of influence on judgment results, since there is no definite legal basis on damage from natural disasters in the landscaping field. This implies the need for a professional and objective appraisal process. According to the comparative analysis of Korean and Japanese legal systems and criteria regarding natural disasters, Korea lacked in laws and criteria on natural disasters of landscape plants in Korea, whereas there were concrete disaster assessment standards of landscape trees in Japan. For improving natural disaster-related systems and criteria in the landscaping field, therefore, this study presented 'Revision of related laws', 'Revision of appraisal and loss assessment criteria', 'Revision of standard specification of landscaping project', 'Compulsory insuring against disasters', 'Reasonable fulfillment of contract', and 'Compulsory cost estimation for disaster restoration', as improvement plans.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.18-24
• /
• 2017

The $FeCl_3$ solution has been used as an etchant for etching of metal. It is necessary to reuse the etching solution because waste $FeCl_3$ etchant generated after use has provided environmental and economic problems. In this study, HCl was mixed with the $FeCl_2$ solution and then $H_2O_2$ was added into the mixed solution to oxidize the $Fe^{2+}$. During the oxidation process, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was measured and the relationship between ORP and oxidation ratio was investigated. As a result, this study found that the ORP was increased with increasing the concentration of HCl and $H_2O_2$, while the ORP is decreased with oxidation progress. Such a behavior was in good agreement with Nernst's equation. Also, the oxidation efficiency reached about 99% when a sufficient amount of HCl and $H_2O_2$ were added.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.323-332
• /
• 2019

Non-curable rubberized polymer asphalt waterproof coating materials in Korea and China are manufactured without advanced quality control techniques and common standard, And they are exposed consistent water leakage problems. Import and application of Korean waterproofing products and installation methods is difficult in the present situation as the Chinese standard(JC/T 2428) is different in nature with the Korean counterpart products, And quality assurance is inevitable based on mutual standards. In order to resolve this issue, alternatives such as using standards provided by the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) are generally employed, but there is no such ISO standard as a waterproof material for non-curable rubberized polymer asphalt material. Furthermore, it is unreasonable to develop the ISO standard for rubber asphalt seals for exchange in terms of time and cost. This study proposes that the establishment of a quality standard that can be applied for both countries will be required via an joint international standard that outlines the properties of materials if applied in mutual trade exchange.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.99-113
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study is to find out about the cause and adaptation process of urban households going to rural areas for agricultural management(Kwihyang nongga) through the microscopic analysis of a case study. Research results are summarized in the followings. The cause of Kwihyang nongga before the 1980s was generally due to the social causes like the support of dependent family or rural-to-urban migrants' maladjustment in urban society. After the 1980s, however, it was related to the economic reasons such as the increase of households' income by commercial agriculture more than the social ones. Most of Kwihyang nongga was traditionally the households which came back to their native places, rural areas. Recently the urban households which did not originally come from rural areas are going to rural space because of the cultivation of high profit oriented agricultural products. Recent Kwihyang nongga increased the size of commercial agriculture through leased farmland, not by a purchase of agricultural land. Even though the number of Kwihyang nongga is now a few, it is expected that the influence of Kwihyang nongga on rural society will be various and high because it consists of young generation. The increase of Kwihyang nongga may be one of the ways to mitigate the decreasing rate of utilization of agricultural lands due to the labor shortage of rural areas after industrialization. To solve rural problems related to underpopulation, it is necessary to establish the active plicies of helping Kwihyang nongga. The actions for Kwihyang nongga ought to emphasize the improvement of educational conditions and living facilities as well as financial aids and the improvement of farming conditions.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2015

This paper is to provide some suggestions to complement and extend theory of network city, and to consider preliminarily its applicability for development of the Yeongnam region, exploring its normative implications for urban and regional policy and its significance of empirical research. In order to resolve some limitations and problems of network city theory and of empirical research, we need to reconsider systematically analysis methods, to extend indices of connectivity, to reconfirm normative characters inherent in network city theory, to suggest the constitution of cooperative governance, and to develop policies for embedding functional connectivity into internal community. In a preliminary analysis of Yeongnam region on the basis of network city theory, it is not clear whether the urban system of the region is entirely a type of network city, even though it seems to be close to network city. However, in order for the Yeongnam region to orient towards network city, we can point out importance of policy issues such as expansion of transportation and communication infrastructure, strengthening of economic connectivity, constitution of cooperative governance, and local embeddedness of functional network within the region.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.635-654
• /
• 2009

Recently, concepts of multicultural society and/or multiculturalism have been not only widely discussed across several disciplines, but also actively promoted in government's policy, as the in-flow of foreign immigrants has increased rapidly. This paper suggests the term 'multicultural space' instead of multicultural society in a sense that both international migration of immigrants and their accommodation to a certain locality presuppose a spatial dimension. This paper also points out that the term multiculturalsim should be used very carefully, because this term includes a normative character implied in a sense of recognition of ethnic and cultural diversity and difference on the one hand, and an ideological one reflected on strategic policies of capital and the state on the other. On the basis of recognition of these problems, this paper tries to reformulate spatially the concept of muticultural society which has been supposed to be constructed due to rapidly increasing foreign immigrants, emphasizing some usefulness of multi-scalar approach. It then analyzes economic and political contexts of transnational migration, providing a criticism of multiculturalism as an ideological logic of capital and the state in transnational captialism. Finally it put a stress upon importance of struggle for spaces of recognition as a new glocal ethics in the age of post-globalization.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.75-96
• /
• 2013

This paper is to conceptualize the urban social circulation of water from the social constructivism and political ecology, and to analyze the history of development of social circulation of water, that is, the modernization process of water in Daegu. The development of social circulation system of water in Daegu can be divided into 4 stages, that is, the beginning stage of modernization of water mainly during the period of Japanese colonization, the take-off stage from the 1960s to the mid-1980s, the stage of reflexive modernization from the late 1980s to the 1990s, and that of neoliberalization of water since the 2000s. It can be seen that the development of social circulation system of water in Daegu has contributed the increasing urban population and economic development, especially supporting the spatial expansion of the city and the way of modern way of urban life. But the social circulation system of water in Daegu seems to meet with a lot of problems such as relocation of the water intake station, over-equipment of filtration plants, distrust on tap water, inequality of water use, readjustment of water charge, liquid waste from industrial complexes within the urban area, creative destruction of waterfront environment, and privatization of water.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.39
• /
• pp.27-58
• /
• 2015

The crisis in profit and funding for animation is in evidence around the world. The change in media environment has forced broadcasting advertising revenue down and animation viewers spread out. Now, animation players in the strongest position are either the US major studios, or producers benefiting from domestic support schemes. Government support is available in many countries because many governments believe that support for domestic animation carries both economic and cultural benefits. This paper is designed to suggest new policy schemes for Korean animation industry. The new paradigm of animation policy needs a new perspective on content industry as a whole, not centered on the animation itself. The researchers on public policy for culture, audiovisual and content industry argued that the government should, (i) play the role of facilitator for virtuous cycle of industry value chain, (ii) provide fiscal support through automatic and selective schemes, (iii) provide tax benefit to strengthen the competitiveness of industry, and (iv) enforce the broadcasters to contribute to domestic programming and financing. Comparative analysis on French and Canadian audiovisual policy supports such arguments, and animation industry of two countries are enjoying the high audience ratings and sustainable production volume. From the analysis, this paper suggests the new government schemes for Korean animation industry, which are, (i) securing the public funding for fiscal support, (ii) introduction of automatic production support, (iii) modification of broadcasting quota, (iv) broadcaster's performance envelope and production quota, and (v) tax benefit as indirect support.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2004

Those of the growth of e-business, the development of the cultural creative industry, the contents and knowledge industry have expanded and diversified the existing business models and created new ones. They are triggering new interpretations and discussions on business models. Such of changing business environment has paved the way for the expansion of design management within the design industry and opened new windows of opportunity for the traditionally small and non-specialized design business. Until now, the design business has not been distinguished from design industry or design service, and has not been viewed as an independent field. Rather, the design business has merely been part of a process. As such, the lack of dear definition and structured system had been a bottleneck for many design companies trying to achieve capital and social success and establish the foundation for growth and for companies striving to advance the design management in developing design business models or growth strategy in line with the changing environment. Against these sort of backdrops, this paper attempts to dearly define the design business. To this end, the paper tries to developed a design business model framework which classifies design business model into four types - customized, ready-made, provider and contract - according to the business activities between the producer and the end user, and business items into product, additional sonics, knowledge and promotion. The framework will expand the definition of design business and contribute to the expansion of design business activities and the development of diverse business models.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.278-284
• /
• 2016

Software reliability in the software development process is an important issue. In infinite failure NHPP software reliability models, the fault occurrence rates may have constant, monotonic increasing or monotonic decreasing pattern. In this paper, infinite failures NHPP models that the situation was reflected for the fault occurs in the repair time, were presented about comparing property. Commonly, the software model of the infinite failures using the linear hazard rate distribution software reliability based on intercept parameter was used in business economics and actuarial modeling, was presented for comparison problem. The result is that a relatively large intercept parameter was appeared effectively form. The parameters estimation using maximum likelihood estimation was conducted and model selection was performed using the mean square error and the coefficient of determination. The linear hazard rate distribution model is also efficient in terms of reliability because it (the coefficient of determination is 90% or more) in the field of the conventional model can be used as an alternative model could be confirmed. From this paper, the software developers have to consider intercept parameter of life distribution by prior knowledge of the software to identify failure modes which can be able to help.