• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.165-182
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• 2016

This study examines the competitiveness and cooperativeness among the container ports in East Asia by analyzing their monthly dynamics in eight years (2008-2015). Time series data on container throughput divided into origin and destination (O/D), such as the top six Chinese ports and the transshipment (T/S) ports such as Hong Kong, Busan, and Singapore, are computed with two methods based on the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The first Granger causality test results show that Busan T/S has significant bilateral relations with three Chinese O/D ports; and significant unidirectional relations with three other O/D ports. Shenzhen port has significant bilateral relations with Singapore, and has a significant unidirectional relation with Hong Kong port. Co-integrating test results showed that Busan holds negative co-integration with all Chinese O/D ports. Impulse response function (IRF) results show an opposite direction between paired ports. The ratios of the impulse from T/S ports are significantly high to one another in the short-run, but its power declines as time passes. The ratio of the impulse from the Chinese ports to T/S ports is less significant in the short-run period, however, it becomes more significant as time passes. The significance of most shocks was high in the second period, but was diluted after the sixth period.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.13
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• pp.107-132
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• 2000

The entry of large discount stores such as E-mart, LG mart, Magnet etc. into small cities have had a profound impact on the business of small-sized retailers. Now, it becomes the matter of survival for small-sized retailers and it is almost impossible to reverse those trends. Without satisfying consumers' various needs and wants, retailers can not survive. Therefore, it is extremely important to understand retail competition from the perspective of consumers in order for retailers to survive in the turbulent environment. The previous research studies on retail competition have focused on the comparison among different types of retailers with respect to strategic retail mix variables. However, they do not consider the competitive aspects of consumers' sides. In addition, we do not fully understand the meaning of "shopping." Shopping means hedonic shopping as well as utilitarian shopping. Utilitarian aspects are important but consumers also prefer' hedonic aspects too. That is the reason that traditional retailers such as small-sized retailers can not compete with modem and large retailers. We use three different methods to identify the macro and competitive structure. of retailing with respect to shopping. Factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, and multiple correspondence analysis are used to produce perceptual mapping of retail competition. Department store and large discount store are identified as close competitors but both might have an indirect impact on small-sized retailers through demand shift toward high end retailers.

• The tire
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• s.211
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• pp.15-27
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• 2002

• Vending industry
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• v.2 no.5 s.6
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• pp.108-112
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• 2002

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.175-203
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• 2017

This study examined the casual relationships among SMEs' market orientation, brand orientation, firm capabilities-technology and marketing capabilities, competitive advantage and financial performance in export markets based on the resource-based view. The data were collected from 286 cases of exporting SMEs. The results of path analysis indicated that market orientation of exporting SMEs increased technology and marketing capabilities. Market orientation directly increased both competitive advantage and financial performance in export markets. Brand orientation influenced technological capability and had indirect effects on both competitive advantage and financial performance through the firm capabilities. Based on the results, managerial implications and future research directions for exporting SMEs were provided.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.940-947
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• 2003

은행의 지점을 하나의 책임중심점 (Responsibility center)으로 볼 때 원가중심점. 수익중심점, 이익중심점 및 투자중심점 등 네 가지 형태중의 하나로 구분 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 은행의 지점을 여러가지 투입물을 이용하여 여러가지의 다양한 산출물들을 생산 및 판매하는 이익중심점(Profit Center)으로 보기로 한다. 그리고 이익중심점으로서 은행의 지점을 평가하는 경우 기간이익이라는 종합적인 성과 측정치가 있으나 기간이익은 그 성과가 경쟁가격의 변화에 따른 것인지 업무의 효율에 의만 것인지 구별하기가 어렵다 그래서 본 연구에서는 장기적인 효과를 가지는 생산성. 즉 생산과정에 중점을 두고 평가하고자 한다.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-62
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• 2004

국내에 진출한 Carrefour, Wal-Mart, Tesco(home plus) 등 다국적화된 소매기업들을 통하여 주 2 휴일제 실시로 변화가 예상되는 그들의 점포운영방안을 실적을 분석해봄으로써 보다 효율적인 경영전략과 운영 방안을 모색해보고자 하였다. 국내 할인점의 포화기 진입단계에 들어선 시점에서 국내 진출 다국적 기업들은 국내 선두 기업과 비교하여 짧은 진출 역사에도 안정성과 수익성 측면, 활동성 부문에도 양호한 결과를 나타내고 있으며, 이들의 운영의 전략적 측면은 구매 부문의 EDLP와 운영부문에 EDLC가 선 순환되고 유통·물류정보시스템과 결합하면서 Low Cost Operation이 추진하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 다국적 소매기업들은 표준화와 현지화를 대립이 아닌 양립과 조화로 보면서 현지화 부문에서는 MD(VMD) 부문 개선과 고객서비스를 개선함으로써 국내 기업들의 강한 경쟁자로서 접근하고 있다고 판단된다. 일부 우려에 대한 다국적 기업의 실적 저조에 대한 판단은 그들의 경영전략과 현지화 단계에서의 차이를 감안하면 이른 판단으로 사려 되며, 이러한 다국적화 소매유통기업에 대한 운영방안에 대한 고찰은 다국적 소매기업 및 국내 소매업체들의 경쟁력 향상에도 기여할 것으로 본다.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2001

전력산업에 경쟁제도가 도입되면 전력 생산자와 소비자는 전력 시장을 통하여 그들의 편익을 최대화 하고자 한다. 발전사업자와 수요자사이에 거래되는 시장에서의 전력 가격은 시장에 공급되는 전력량과 전력수요량에 따라 균형을 이루는 점으로 결정되고 이 점에서 사회편익이 최대가 된다. 소비자의 전력사용지불의사에 따라 달라지는 전력 수요랑을 표현하는 가격탄력성에 따라 시장에서 결정되는 가격은 변하게되고, 전력 생사자는 변화하는 전력생산비용을 요금에 반영함으로써 전력수요에 적절한 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 탄력성이 변함에 따라 달라지는 사회적 편익과 전력시장 참여자인 생산자와 소비자 편익변화를 가상적 시나리오에 따른 모의 실험을 통하여 경쟁적 전력시장의 경우 가격탄력성이 클수록 사회적 편익이 증가함을 보였다.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.5-15
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• 2018

The biggest characteristic of Social Network Game(SNG) is that games are played through competition and cooperation with the actual acquaintances based on SNS. Even though such competition and challenge spirit have been dealt importantly as preceding factors having influence on the flow in games in the existing game area, it is rare to find researches deeply considering the characteristics of ranking competition between acquaintances in SNG. Moreover, it was not considered that such acquaintances could be the targets of competition and also challenge at the same time in SNG. Therefore, this study examined the achievements(big differences in ranking, small differences in ranking) of the targets for comparison and closeness(strong ties, weak ties) with the targets for comparison as factors having influence on competition and challenge spirit, and also empirically analyzed the influence of such factors and interactions between factors on players' competition and challenge spirit in the ranking competitive society, by analyzing the characteristics of ranking competition between acquaintances in the mobile puzzle, SNG based on SNS through the analysis on the preceding research on the self-evaluation maintenance model of the social comparison theory. In the results, when preferentially exposing competitors with small difference in ranking and also exposing competitors with stronger ties, players' competition is stimulated, so that it can improve their challenge spirit. Such results of this study can be expected to a lot contribute to the actual design work of SNG ranking table contents.

• 베이커리
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• no.2 s.319
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• pp.81-92
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• 1995

성장을 위한 프렌차이즈 업체들의 경쟁이 갈수록 치열해 지고 있다. 이를 위해 각업체는 가맹점 확산과 부실 점포, 폐점 방지를 위해 두마리 토끼를 잡는 힘겨운 노력을 기울이고 있다. 이에 본지는 각 프렌차이즈 업체가 어떻게 가맹점을 모집하고 있으며 성장을 위해 95년 어떤 사업계획을 갖고 있는지 살펴봄과 동시에 향후 전망에 대해 알아본다.