• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.414-414
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• 2019

농업으로부터의 비점오염은 지표수와 지하수 모두의 수질에 영향을 미친다. 특히, 비료, 퇴비, 농약 등의 인공적 질소가 살포된 토양은 강우시 화학 침출로 인한 수질오염이 발생되고 있다. 강우시 강우유출수와 함께 지표 수역으로 흘러들어오는 영양물질(질소, 인)은 저수지로 유입되어 침수시 작물이 죽게 되어 저수지의 부영양화 등의 수질 오염문제를 야기시킨다. 국내에서는 홍수조절용지에서의 영농활동의 전면 금지하고 있는 실정이지만, 불법적으로 경작활동이 진행되고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 다목적댐 홍수조절지 내 경작지 토양 및 양분 특성 평가를 수행하였다. 홍수조절지 내 경작지 토양 특성 및 양분 조사를 위하여 경작이 집중적으로 이루어지고 있는 대청호 지역을 모니터링 지점으로 선정하였다. 모니터링은 경작지 내 토양 시료 및 주변 토양을 채취하여 분석을 수행하였다. 채취한 토양은 토양표준분석법(농촌진흥청, 2012) 및 농업토양분석방법(국립산림과학원, 2014) 기준을 바탕으로 물리 화학적 분석을 수행하였다. 모니터링은 2018년 5월부터 수행되었으며 현재까지 월 1회씩 모니터링을 진행하고 있다. 연구 결과, 밭 경작지 토양은 논에 비해 실트질 함량이 절반으로 침투성이 높은 토양으로 분석되었으며, 영양염류의 침투를 통한 이동 가능(기저유출)이 높게 나타나는 것으로 조사되었다. 이는 중간유출 및 기저유출 저감방안 도입이 필요한 것으로 평가되었다. 작물별 토양 양분분석 결과 고추, 마늘, 담배 경작지에서 화학비료사용량이 타 작물에 비해 높은 것을 분석되었으며, 경작지에 화학비료 및 퇴비의 과다 사용으로 염류농도가 증가할 경우 전기전도도가 높아지며 토양의 삼투압을 증가시켜 물의 흡수와 각종 양분 흡수를 방해하는 것으로 평가되었다. 인의 존재 형태별 비교시 대부분의 경작지에서 높은 값을 보였으며, 특히 경작지 토양의 Residual-P의 농도가 원지반 보다 2~5배 정도 높게 나타났다. 이러한 원인은 퇴비의 사용으로 인한 Residual-P의 누적으로 평가되며, 환경변화에 따라 수층으로 인의 용출이 쉽게 발생하므로 향후 수질에 미치는 영향이 더 클 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.406-415
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• 2002

Heavy metal concentrations (Cu(II), Zn(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II)) at field and upland soils were investigated with two extraction methods, 0.1mole L$^{-1}$ HCI extraction and HNO$_3$-HCIO$_4$ digestion, in order to estimate soil pollution and to understand their distribution and accumulation characteristics. Through an application of 0.1mole L$^{-1}$ HCI extraction method, the surface horizons of field soils were found to have higher concentrations of heavy metals (except Pb(II)) than those of upland soil. It was also seen that Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) were enriched in surface horizon of field soils, whereas upland soils did not show much difference across depth. When the method of HNO$_3$-HCIO$_4$ digestion was used, upland soils showed higher concentrations than those of other soils, and the distribution of heavy metals did not show much difference between horizons of all soils. From these results, it was recognized that, although total natural contents of heavy metals were the largest in upland soil, surface horizons of field soils became gradually polluted with heavy metals. Especially, Cd(II) is considered as a potential metallic pollutant in field soils because of its weak adsorption strength. Concentrations of heavy metals also seemed to be influenced by their adsorption characteristics. When we computed 0.1HCl$_{ext}$HNCL$_{dig}$ ratios to estimate the adsorption strengths of soil heavy metals, their adsorption strengths decreased on the order of Cu(II) > Zn(II)> Pb(II) > Cd(II). The distribution characteristics of heavy metals in field soil, especially Cd(II),are required more detail study because of its importance of land use and complicated mobilization characteristic.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.13 no.1 s.32
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• pp.79-90
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to estimate quantitatively soil loss and sediment yield in alpine farmland. For this purpose, Naerinchon watershed in Gangwon province was selected as our study area and total annual soil loss and sediment yield was estimated respectively by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model and the Sediment Delivery Distributed (SEDD) model. The results of this study clearly show that dry field areas have significant impact on the total soil erosion and sediment yield compared with other land use. Dry field areas represent only $2.6\%$ of the total area of the watershed but soil loss and sediment yield account for $10.9\%$ and $33.12\%$ of the total amount respectively Especially as with alpine farmland, this result is more clearly shown. These areas account for $1.8\%$ of the entire watershed but contribute to $7.7\%$ and $15\%$ of the total soil loss and sediment yield respectively. From the above results, we can know that alpine farmland is important source of soil loss and sediment yield and it is need to prevent and control. soil erosion from alpine filmland urgently.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.53-63
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• 2003

Objectives of this research were to fractionate heavy metals in soil samples in the upper Okdong River basin and to assess the potential pollution index of each metal fraction. Soil samples were collected from the cultivated land soils and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. pH of cultivated soils ranged from 5.2 to 7.6. Contents of total kelhaldal nitrogen and loss on ignition were in the ranges of 0.6∼2.5%, and 1.9∼12.9%, respectively. Heavy metals in the cultivated land soils were higher in the abandoned closed coal mine near field soils than those in the paddy soils. Total concentrations of metals in the cultivated land soils were in the orders of Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd, exceed the corrective action level of the Soil Environment Conservation Law and higher than the naturals were abundance levels reported from uncontaminated cultivated land soils. Mobile fractions of metals were relatively small compared to the total concentrations. Soil Pollution Assesment Index (SPAI) values of each fraction of metals were leveled from Non polluted to Moderately polluted based on total concentrations. SPAI values of mobil fractions were lower than those of immobile fractions. Results on metal fractions and SPAI values of the cultivated land soils indicate that field soils samples were contaminated with heavy metals and had potential to cause a detrimental effects on plants. A prompt countermeasure to prevent field soils in the abandoned closed coal mine near fields are urgently needed.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2020

The excessive use of fertilizer and compost in agricultural land increases the accumulation of nutrients in soil. The surplus nutrients in soil transported through surface and sub-surface flow can lead to water pollution problems and algal bloom. Moreover, nutrient accumulation and continuous crop cultivation changes the physical structure of the soil, which increases the potential of nutrient. The cultivation in the Daecheong Lake reservoir area may have a direct effect on the lake's water quality due to leaching and releasing of nutrients when water level rises. This research was carried out to analyze the physical and chemical properties of soil in the agricultural areas surrounding Daecheong Dam reservoir to provide basic data available for the establishment of Daecheong Lake water quality management measures. The soil of the Daecheong Lake reservoir was classified as sandy Loam, where surplus nutrients can be transported. Chemical compositions in the soil were found to be significantly affected by use of different fertilizer amounts. Nutrient outflow occurred during spring rainfall events from the rice paddy fields, whereas excess nutrients from summer to fall seasons originated from dry paddy fields. Nutrient outflow from dry paddy fields is mainly from sub-surface flow. Organic agricultural wastes from agricultural land and excessive vegetation inside the river was also evaluated to contribute to the increase in organic matter and nutrients of the river. The results can be used to select the priority management area designation and management techniques in the Daecheong Lake for water quality improvement.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.399-399
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• 2016

현대 인류는 비약적인 경제성장으로 인하여 급격한 도시화와 산업화를 이루었다. 하지만 이러한 성장을 위해 수반되는 자원개발 및 생활환경조성으로 인한 토지개발이 진행되어 많은 양의 토양이 유실되고 있다. 토양유실을 관리하기 위해서는 모니터링을 통해 관리하는 방법과 모형을 통해 유실되는 토양의 양을 산정하여 관리방안을 제시하는 방법이 있다. 현재 전 세계적으로 사용되고 있는 범용토양유실량 산정공식(USLE)은 사용상의 편리성과 연간 토양유실량을 산정할 수 있는 이점이 있다. 뿐만 아니라 국내의 환경부에서는 USLE 공식을 적용한 '표토 침식 현황에 관한 고시'를 제정하여 유실되는 표토를 관리하고 있다. 하지만 USLE 공식을 구성하고 있는 인자 중 P factor는 경사도만을 고려하여 인자 값을 제시하고 있으며, 밭에 적용된 관리방법과 작물, 경운방법 등을 고려하지 않아 방법에 차이에 따른 발생되는 토양유실량에 차이가 발생하게 된다. 이러한 문제점을 고려하여 경작지의 경사도와 적용된 관리방안을 복합적으로 고려한 P factor 선정 체계가 필요한 시점이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실제 경작지 조사를 통해 경작지 별 관리방안과 경사도를 고려한 P factor를 제안하고자 한다. 관리방안과 경사도를 복합적으로 고려한 P factor를 제안하기 위해 선정된 유역은 강원도 양구군 해안면 유역과 자운리 유역, 안동시 임동면 반변천 상류 유역을 선정하여 위치하고 있는 밭에 대한 현장조사를 진행하였다. 조사항목은 경작지의 경사도, 재배작물, 관리방법, 경운방법 등을 조사하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 경사도와 관리방법을 복합적으로 고려한 P factor를 재산정 하였다. P factor를 재산정한 결과 대상 유역 내 밭에 적용된 관리방법과 경운방법, 재배작물의 차이로 인해 상이한 값이 산정되었다. 또한 기존 P factor와 재산정된 P factor를 사용하여 산정한 토양유실량의 차이가 약 17%정도 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 재산정된 P factor는 토양유실에 직간접적으로 관여하는 조건들을 복합적으로 고려한 P factor로써 정확한 토양유실량을 산정하는데 기여할 것으로 판단되며, 본 연구를 바탕으로 전국단위 USLE P factor를 산정을 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2012

We investigated the effects on soil microbial diversity and the growth promotion of red pepper resulting from inoculation with a microbial agent composed of Bacillus subtilis AH18, B. licheniformis K11 and Pseudomonas fluorescens 2112 in a red pepper farming field. Photosynthetic bacteria, Trichoderma spp., Azotobacter spp., Actinomycetes, nitrate oxidizing bacteria, nitrite oxidizing bacteria, nitrogen fixing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, cellulase producing bacteria, and urease producing bacteria are all indicator microbes of healthy soil microbial diversity. The microbial diversity of the consortium microbial agent treated soil was seen to be 1.1 to 14 times greater than soils where other commercial agent treatments were used, the latter being the commercial agent AC-1, and chemical fertilizer. The yield of red pepper in the field with the treated consortium microbial agent was increased by more than 15% when compared to the other treatments. Overall, the microbial diversity of the red pepper farming field soil was improved by the consortium microbial agent, and the promotion of growth and subsequent yield of red pepper was higher than soils where the other treatments were utilized.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.358-358
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• 2022

비점오염물질 중 토사는 강우유출수의 많은 부분을 차지하며, 영양물질과 중금속을 비롯한 다양한 오염물질들이 흡착되어 있는 경우가 많다. 북한강 상류 유역의 만대지구에서는 고랭지밭에서 다량의 토사가 발생하여 하류수계의 수질 및 수생태계에 다양한 문제를 야기시킨다. 이에 한국의 환경부에서는 Web GIS 기반의 고랭지밭 GIS시스템을 개발하여 고랭지밭을 체계적으로 관리하고자 하였다. 고랭지밭 GIS시스템은 고랭지밭에 대한 DB를 구축하여 국유지, 시·도유지 중에서 임대허가를 받지 않고 경작을 하는 임의/불법경작지를 분석한다. 만대지구의 임의/불법경작지는 3.57 km² 으로 전체 경작지 면적의 약 20.7%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 임의/불법 경작지가 복구되었을때의 토양유실량 저감효율을 분석하기 위하여 SWAT 모델을 사용하였으며, MUSLE 공식의 지수 및 계수를 수정하여 토양유실량을 보정하였다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.194-198
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• 1982

The data from the fertilizer experiments from 1974 to 1981 were compiled and interpretation were made as to the effect of soil fertility on the quality and yield of cured tobacco supplied with conventional rate (10-15-20, 125Kg/10a). With high soil fertility, the yield of tobacco with conventional rate increased in quadratic curve, but the quality decreased. The results indicate that soil which can produce 81Kg/10a of flue-cured tobacco without fertilizer application would be optimum to the 125Kg/10a fertilizer application. On the other hand, Flue-cured tobacco yields of non-fertilizer plot are supposed to be fertility of determining the application rate which can be recommended.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.279-284
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• 1999

To investigate soil bacterial diversity according to vegetation types, directly extracted DNA from 5 different soils were cross-hybridized with each other as a probe and target. Pinus densiflora soil was shown the highest value then agricultured soil＞naked soil＞grass soil＞Quercus mongolicas soil in the order of diversity. Cluster analysis by similarity showed that soil microbial communities were categorized into three groups.