• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.668-682
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• 2013

This study illustrates the mechanism of The Decrease of Korean population in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture (YBKAP) and some changes of regional characteristics since China's economic reforming. Due to China's Implementing market economic system, deregulating in family register system, higher mobility since establishing Sino-Korean diplomatic relations, the expansion of intermarriages and residential areas, Korean community is confronted with lower birthrate and continuous mobility of the young and women. It directly connects to a decrease in urban population and aging, causing a decline in farming production, disintegrating of Korean community, weakening the function of villagers' organization, shrinking in Korean education and leaderships. For supplementing the shorted labor, Chinese farmers from other areas flow into the YBKAP, showing some different trends, such as farming Chinesization, Chinese farmers' higher economic level than Korean, the Korean traditional paddy field transforming into dry farmland with single-crop farming and pursuing commercial production in labor management. At the moment, declining population in Korean community in rural areas means that the community could not respond the changes of farming environments appropriately and in some way it is facing with the crisis of die away from the Chinese society. It needs an unconventional support and development policies in YBKAP rural areas.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.3-27
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• 1992

In 1988, the government provided to the low income people 34.1% of the stocks of Pohang Iron & Steel Company through the People's Share Program of Privatization for the first time, and then in 1989 21% of the share of the Korea Electric Power Corporation were also provided to the low income classes through the same way. The purpose of the People's Share Program was known to be to support the low income classes through participating the profit of public enterprises, and also to expand the capital market through the diversification of stock holding structure. Initially, the government planned that the government share of enterprises such as the Citizens National Bank, the Korea Telecommunication Authority would be sold to the low income classes through the People's Share Program step by step. The income support policy, however, was no longer driven after 1989 when the overall stock prices started to decline. In this paper we tried to measure the effect of the privatization scheme of the public enterprises through the People's Share Program. The problems of the People's Share Program of the Pohang Iron & Steel Commpany and the Korea Electric Power Corperation were also identified. Several implications of the privatization scheme of the public enterprise through the People's Share Program by stages were found. The People's Share Program was found to be a non-stable policy measure for the income support of low income classes. The efficiency impact of the privatization through the People's Share Program was found to be non-significant.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 2021

This study was performed to investigate health care system satisfaction and reform need using the data from the '2019 Health Care Experience Survey'. For 8,349 data with experience in medical use, health care system satisfaction and reform need level was analyzed by t-testing and ANOVA by characteristics of the study subjects, and multiple regression was conducted. Research has shown that health care users' recognition of the health care system is relatively low compared to reliability and satisfaction. It is necessary to promote policies and health care systems for senior citizens, low education levels. Since the reliability has the biggest impact on the satisfaction of the health care system, government should establish policies that they can trust, and in the process, they should gather opinions from the public and secure credibility through social consensus. Medical users were sympathetic to the need for reforms in the health care system, and felt the need to support vulnerable areas and vulnerable groups the most.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.91-116
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• 1974

Taiwan agricultural development in the last decade has not been changed much since the accomplishment of land reform program. This is mainly due to the rapid development taken place within industry that agricultural development can not keep pace with. The increasing gap of rural-urban income discrepancy has caused socio-psychological unstability among rural people and inspire wants of out-migration. From 1961 to 1970, population of the ten largest cities showed an annual growth rate of 4.05%, while the population of the remainder of Taiwan showed 2.06%. Assuming the natural increase rate of these two population sections are similar, the difference of rural and urban annual growth rate can be at tributed to the flow of people from rural to urban sectors. The main objective of this paper is to identify the amount of agricultural out-migration and its impact on agricultural development and agricultural extension programs. Specifically, the objectives are to examine (1) rural-urban population composition (2) rural out-migration estimation (3) changes of agricultural population, and (4) implications for agricultural development and extension programs Some of the important findings are listed below; (1) The average agricultural out migration of the period 1960-1969 is estimated at around 60,000 per year. Take Tainan prefecture for example, the Male-Female Migration Ratio is 0.39 for age 20-24, 0.55 for age 25-29, 0.90 for 30-34. It is understood between age 20 and 34, the rural female migration rate is higher than the rural male. (2) Based on the population growth rate of 1950-1969, agricultural population is projected for the period of 1953 to 1989. By 1978, the agricultural population will reach its peak and begin to dedaine from 1980. The projected agricultural population in 1989 is 5,847,566 which occupies 29% of the Taiwan total population. (3) Assuming area of cultivated land keep unchanged as 905,263 ha. in 1970, and tif we can eliminate all 72% of part-time farms, then the average farm acreage for hose full-time farms will be increased to 3.6 hactares. This is unlikely to happen before 1989 without the government interference. (4) Less than 10% of adult farmer s of age 25-64 in 1969 enrolled in Farm Discussion Club, only 5% of adult farm women enrolled in Home Economics Club, and 5% of rural youth enrolled in 4-H Club. These statistics show a fact that only few farmers are reached by extension workers. Based on findings in this paper, some important suggestions are listed for future agricultural development. (1) Improve agricultural structure by decreasing agricultural population (a) Encourage farmers with less than 0.5 ha. of land to seek jobs outside of agriculture (b) Encourage joint cultivation and farm mechanization (c) Discourage rural migrants to Keep farm land (d) Provide occupational guidance program through extension education programs (2) Establish future farmers settlement project to assure rural youth have enough resources for farming. (3) An optimum Population policy should be integrated into rural socio-economic development and national development programs.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.115-127
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• 2014

The national Entrepreneurial policy of Start-up assists the young and college students to be raised as entrepreneur in various ways seeking solution for serious unemployment problem. Many young generation start-up a business without prior knowledge and experience in management that end up as a case of failure rather than success. Many young pre-entrepreneur are afraid of Start-up and hesitate or give up before start. Now many Entrepreneurship education contents and Entrepreneurship mentoring programs are being provided for pre-entrepreneur. Especially, Entrepreneurship mentoring programs's importance to ease off these fear and anxiety is recognized and Mentoring program's part and contents are being enhanced in Entrepreneurship education content. In this study, the influence of Entrepreneurship mentoring program to young and brilliant entrepreneur who wants to start a business will be explained. The function of Entrepreneurship mentoring to improvement of entrepreneurial capability will be anaylzed and by using the function of Entrepreneurship mentoring and entrepreneurial capability, the moderating effect of start-up preliminary period and start-up aim period is examined. The results of as regression analysis, the study found out the function of Entrepreneurship mentoring has a positive significant influence with entrepreneurial capability which means technological competence and creativity competence. For the moderating effect of start-up preliminary period and start-up aim period, it is found out that the effect does not have a significant influence on the function of Entrepreneurship mentoring and also technological competence, but on creativity competence, significant influence was found. However, after looking at the moderating effect that is considered to be related to entrepreneurial capability, for the function of mentoring only the effect on start-up preliminary period.

• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.53-68
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• 2016

Motivation and activities for technological learning, entrepreneurship, innovation, and creativity are driving forces of economic development in Asian countries. In the early stages of technological development, technological learning and entrepreneurship are efficient ways in which to catch up with advanced countries because firms can accumulate skills and knowledge quickly at relatively low risk. In the later stages of technological development, however, innovation and creativity become more important. This study aims to identify a) the factors (learning capabilities) that influence technological learning performance and b) barriers to enhancing innovation capabilities for the creative economy and organizations. The major part of this study is related to learning capabilities in the post-catch-up era. Based on a literature review and observations from Korean experiences, this study proposes a technological learning model composed of various influencing factors on technological learning. Three hypotheses are derived, and data are collected from Korean machine tool manufacturers. Intense interviews with CEOs and R&D directors are conducted using structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis, such as correlation and ANOVA are then carried out. Furthermore, this study addresses how to enhance innovation capabilities to move forward. Innovation enablers and barriers are identified by case studies and policy analysis. The results of the empirical study identify several levels of firms' learning capabilities and activities such as a) stock of technology, b) potential of technical labor, c) explicit technological efforts, d) readiness to learn, e) top management support, f) a formal technological learning system, g) high learning motivation, h) appropriate technology choice, and i) specific goal setting. These learning capabilities determine firms' learning performance, especially in the early stages of development. Furthermore, it is found that the critical factors for successful technological learning vary along the stages of technology development. Throughout the statistical and policy analyses, this study confirms that technological learning can be understood as an intrinsic principle of the technology development process. Firms perform proactive and creative learning in the late stages, while reactive and imitative learning prevails in the early stages. In addition, this study identifies the driving forces or facilitating factors enhancing innovation performance in the post catch-up era. The results of the preliminary case studies and policy analysis show some facilitating factors such as a) the strategic intent of the CEO and corporate culture, b) leadership and change agents, c) design principles and routines, d) ecosystem and collaboration with partners, and e) intensive R&D investment.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Recently the youth starting up a business has become a buzzword. Business plan is a fundamentals in starting up a business. Therefore, in this study, I investigated the business planning behavior of university students in Korea. Especially, I investigated whether university students in Korea dealt with business plan inside and outside or not, and examined university students' thought whether corporate performance is related to business plan or not, and if any, how closely they are. Meanwhile, existing studies and books are arguing that there is a high correlation between business plan and corporate performance, however, there are not many domestic and/or foreign studies that analyzed it empirically. In order to find an answer to this problem, this study was approached empirically. First, the components of business plan were selected through an extensive literature review including existing researches and through factor analysis, I classified them into the five factors of product management, product development, management support system building, organizational management and macro planning. Also, I classified corporate performance into quantitative and qualitative performance, and investigated the influences of business plan factors on those performances. As a result, I found belows. First, university students in Korea thought that the business plan components affected the quantitative and qualitative performances of corporate positively. Second, Korean students had high interests in starting up a business and wanted to run a service business but had almost no experience of business planning. Whilst, Foreign students had relatively high interests in starting up a business and experiences of business planning. They wanted starting up in various industry also. Meanwhile, I did't find the gender differences in those aspects. In this study, I empirically investigated the relation between business plan components and corporate performances in the university students' view, not that of company. So I believe that this study can shed lights on the direction of effective starting up education for increasing the success rate of youth starting up a business.