• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.57-67
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• 2013

The studies of Korean traditional gardens have been a lot of diachronic approaches through ancient documents and on-site investigation. Previous research has focused on the characteristics that are inherent symbolism of the traditional landscape space, such as site characteristics. There are many studies for inner gardens, outer gardens and other influential ranges of gardens of the location characteristics. However, studies on the scale of external gardens were not satisfactory from a quantitative perspective. Unlike private life sphere, quantitative analysis was conducted on the role of a sphere of public community life for outer gardens. Visibility analysis was performed through the existing literature and GIS programs to estimate the magnitude of the outer garden. When it was compared with Min G. H.(1982) research, it is almost the same if it is estimated to focus on Buyoung -bong(芙蓉峯) and Ip-am(立巖). Also, as a result of the fractal structure for a variety of symbols in the garden, fractal dimension in landscape elements is relatively concentrated, unlike in other areas. Thus, the external scale can be a means of cultural property protection out of the crucial perspective for the inner garden. There has been consideration of the cooperation with the visual complexity using the concept of fractal structure as one of the elements of landscape analysis.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.39-43
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• 2008

경관을 구성하는 다양한 요소들의 공간적 분포 패턴과 상호 관계를 정량적으로 분석하기 위하여 다양한 경관지수가 개발되어 사용되고 있다. 경관구조 및 변화특성을 정량적으로 해석하기 위한 노력은 1950년대 후반부터 기하학적 이론을 기초로 하여 제기되어 왔으며, 최근에는 원격탐사, GIS, 정보이론, 프랙탈 이론에 근거한 지표 등이 도입되어 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 연안습지 식생의 발달과 분포 특성을 공간적으로 해석하기 위해 Landsat 영상에 분광혼합분석 기법을 적용하여 선정한 지표면 식생비율을 10개 클래스로 구분한 후 각 클래스에 대해 경관지수를 적용하여 식생비율의 시-공간적 변동 특성을 분석하였다. 새만금방조제를 비롯한 많은 연안습지에 생성되는 습지식생의 공간적 분포를 변화탐지 하고 이들의 시-공간적 분포에 영향을 미치는 요인을 해석하여 연안습지의 보존과 개발에 대한 기초 정보를 위성자료를 통해 추출 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.23-28
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• 2005

청계천의 경관조명은 하천을 가로지르는 다리 22개를 비롯하여 다양한 경관요소에 대하여 주변경관에 알맞는 경관조명으로 청계천의 특성을 부각시키고 있다. 특히 수변공간의 경관에서 큰 비중을 차지하고 있는 교량의 경관조명이 야간 청계천 경관의 아름다움을 좌우한다고 할 수 있다. 다양한 구조형태 및 특징을 가진 22개의 교량은 특색에 맞는 조명연출로 인지도를 주어 보행자로 하여금 청계천에 대한 방향감 및 공간감을 제공한다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 청계천 교량의 경관조명 효과를 분석하는 것이다 이를 위하여 청계천 8개의 교량을 대상으로 휘도, 색온도, 색도분포를 측정하였으며 측정 결과는 다음과 같다. 오피스 지역에 위치해 있는 교량은 배경과 교량의 휘도대비가 시각적으로 명확성이 좋은 것으로 나타났으며 색온도는 차가운 느낌과 따뜻한 느낌의 조명이 조화를 이루며 교량의 온열감을 표현하는 것으로 나타났다. 상업지역에 위치해 있는 교량의 경우 오피스 지역의 교량보다는 휘도대비가 작게 나타났지만 시각적 측면에서는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 색온도는 안정감 있는 느낌을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 주거지역에 위치해 있는 교량의 경우 교량자체의 휘도평균은 낮게 나타나 주변 환경을 고려하여 밝지 않게 조명된 것으로 판단된다. 전체적으로 청계천 교량의 경관조명 특성은 교량의 주변 환경에 따라 다른 효과가 연출된 것으로 나타났다.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2010

This study was intended to identify, among various characteristics of tunnel, the relationship between the design factors comprising the driver's psychological stability, easiness and the sensitivity and then to suggest the mechanism for evaluating the tunnel view, and to that end, the study attempted to evaluate the relations between the physical elements comprising the tunnel shape and the variation of driver's emotional recognition, thereby proposing the measures to create the scenic environment. As a result of LISREL modeling to identify the characteristics of emotional recognition to tunnel view, the elements affecting tunnel view appeared to be emotional image created by the combination of elements comprising the tunnel view. Such emotional image can be explained by design elements and individual characteristics, and the effect of design element appeared to be greater than individual characteristics. The relations between individual characteristics and design element appeared to be positive (+) and the relations between the "safety" and "variability" was significant. And the "safety" have had greater effect on view recognition than "variability", indicating that the drivers tend to give more importance to "safety", but also require the "variability"on the other hand.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.80-92
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• 2021

Mount Tai, with an elevation of 1,532 meters, has a reputation as 'The Most Revered of the Five Sacred Mountains(五嶽獨尊)', despite not being the highest mountain in China. The literati of the past dynasties created a multitude of works based on the landscape of Mount Tai. Traditional literature is a part of national culture that directly reflects the national characteristics and styles, and is an important part of humanities, which can be linked to landscapes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the landscape elements and characteristics of Mount Tai by analyzing the landscape types and elements and the Kernel Density, Mean Center and Standard Deviational Ellipse of the landscape elements appearing in the representative poems of traditional literature. The research results of this study are summarized as follows. First, Mount Tai is a scenic spot dominated by human activities, different from the natural landscape of prior research related to scenic spots. Second, among the landscape elements of Mount Tai, the importance of "sunrise", "cyan", "towering" and "majestic", "Divine Dragon" is confirmed, symbolizing the hope, brightness, vitality, national stability and prosperity represented by Mount Tai, which can explain the leadership position of Mount Tai. Third, it can be found from the poems about Mount Tai that various landscape elements were embodied in belief (the behavior of gods or emperors) in the Pre-Qin, Sui and Tang dynasties, while in modern times, landscape elements are shown by action (climbing and looking far into distance), so it can be said that the landscape elements have changed from belief landscapes to experience landscapes. Fourth, the spatial distribution of landscape elements in the past dynasties was widely distributed in the Daiding(岱頂). Approaching the modern times, the mean center moved from south outside of Mount Tai to the summit of Mount Tai, and the spatial distribution changed from a widely scattered distribution to narrow linear distribution centered on Mount Tai. The present study is of great significance to provide key factors or spaces for future landscape protection and restoration of Mount Tai.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.2
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• pp.300-308
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• 2015

Landscape planning system established in 2007. It is necessary that forest landscape management will be established based on the long-term and wide scope plan for forest management. This study suggested the considering factor while the establishing forest landscape plan for forest characteristics. Forest landscape type was consisted of 4 medium classification(geographical resources, waterscape, forest resources, cultural resources) and 12 small classification(geographical resources: panorama of ridge, ridge of curious rock peaks, waterscape: waterfall, valley, lake, forest resources: crown layer scenery, royal azaleas of main ridge, autumnal tints of ridge slope, flowers in herbaceous plants, inside of forest, forest trail scenery, cultural resources: facilities). This study suggested that consideration on 6 functions of forest in landscape zone planning and forest landscape management plan each classification (main ridge, sense of season, waterscape, rock resources).

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.18-34
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• 2001

량강도 북부지역에서는 지질시대로부터 현대에 이르기까지 여러차례의 화산활동이 있어 자연경관을 훼멸, 복구하였다. 특히 갱신세에 분출된 현무암용암, 백두산 소백산에서의 알칼리성조면암의 발생, 800여년전에 분출한 부석은 원래의 자연경관을 훼멸,매몰하고 새로운 자연경관을 형성하기 시작하였다. 자연경관 형성에서 지질,지형,기후,식생,토양 등요소들이 종합적으로 작용하나 그중에서도 화산활동을 위주로한 지질작용이 주되는 인자로 되었다. 즉 용암의 분출에 의하여 본 지구의 지형을 1600m 높여 기후,식생,토양의 산지수직지대성을 형성하였고 강,호수의 형성도 식생,토양의 특성도 화산활동의 제한을 받았다. 모두어 말하면 본 지역의 자연경관은 800 여년 역사를 갖고 지금도 발전, 성숙과정에 있다. 본문에서는 백두산과 가까이 자리잡고 있는 량강도의 삼지연군, 대홍단군, 백암군, 보천군, 운훈군, 갑산군과 함경북도의 무산군, 연사군, 어랑군, 길주군의 일부지역 및 함경남도의 단천서북부가 포함된다. 지리위치로 보면 동경 128 도 16 분으로부터 동경 130 도 02 분까지이고 북위 42 도 10 분부터 북위 41 도 좌우이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.39-44
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• 2005

2005년 10월 서울시는 47년 만에 청계천을 약 5.8km 구간에 걸쳐 정비하여 서울중심에 새로운 물길을 열었다. 청계천의 경관조명은 청계천의 남북을 이어주는 22개의 다리, 청계천을 동서로 가로지르는 산책로를 비롯하여 다양한 청계천 주변 요소에 청계천을 이용하는 보행자들을 위한 경관조명을 복원되는 전 구간(5.8km)에 약40억을 들여 설치하였다. 이중 산책로는 보행자가 가장 많이 이용하는 요소이며, 청계천의 주변 경관에 다채로운 야경을 연출하여 청계천에 아이덴티티와 방향성을 지니게 하고 야간에 산책로를 이용하는 보행자들에게 즐거움과 여유로움을 주고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 도심내 수변가로로 대표되는 청계천 산책로를 대상으로 조명환경의 특성을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 산책로에 대하여 수평면조도를 측정하고 기준값과 비교하였다. 조도의 특성을 분석한 결과 청계광장 산책로 입구, 광통교 밑부분, 산책로와 연결되는 4곳의 계단 등이 KS기준조도와 비교하여 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 산책로의 경우 수평면조도에 문제가 없는 것으로 분석되었지만 주거지역의 경우에만 일부분 기준조도에 비해 부족한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2010

In this paper I tried to find out changed and improved streetscape through the simulation using components of streetscape abstracted by factor analysis after analyzing present situation and problems of the streetscape for housing developments prepared on publis water surface. An analysis object is located in Haeundae Marine City in Busan. As a result of analysing the streetscape of marine city at present, I could see that main problems were discontinuous street space that did not reflect the characteristic of seashore, uncomfortable and insecure passage owing to coexistence street at seashore, insufficient street facilities for pedestrians, and disordered outdoor signboards. Therefore, I put the causal problems of marine city's streetscape in the insufficient street components, disharmony, and discontinuity so analysed the simulation elements applying selected street components and evaluated them to deduce demand factors having common meaning. As the result, the common demand factors were 'street furniture', 'harmonious streetscape with surrounding', 'landscape with natural openness', and 'landscape with dynamic symbol' in the order. So it needs to stress on a plan for proper arrangement of 'street facilities' and symbolic streetscape having continuity and harmony with surrounding so that the plan can proceed more properly for marine city's identity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.26-38
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• 2019

This study is based on the analysis of the characteristics of waterfront scenery. Recently, waterfront development has expanded residentially, commercially and into leisure space. In the development of the waterfront, it is necessary to apply designs suitable for urban and various other waterfront areas. In this study, the natural scenery of the waterfront was researched with respect to the Korean Jingyeong landscape paintings and the main elements of the scenery were analyzed. In this study, 105 painting of Korean Jingyeong landscapes paintings were selected for the analysis of the waterside scenery. The paintings of Jeong Seon were studied to categorize streams topographically into mountainous, upper, middle, lower, and ocean types. In addition, major micro-topography elements, which are 13 water image elements and 13 staffage elements were analyzed. The main waterfront landscape elements are divided into 13 types. The waterfalls were divided into long waterfalls, short waterfalls, cascading waterfalls, and other aspects considered were line stream, curve stream, multi-curve stream, pond, water surface, flow surface, wave surface, rock side, pile sandy side, sandy side. There are 13 kinds of staffage elements, include pine forest, pine trees, fir trees, bamboo trees, willow trees, broadleaf tree, villages, houses, gazebo, boat, bridges, and people. The waterfront landscape by a river area was explained according to each characteristic of the waterfront landscape and staffage, and their changes were analyzed in each area. The 105 paintings were divided into 35 pieces of mountainous streams, 9 upper streams, 5 middle streams, 35 lower streams, and 21 oceans, and the change of each waterfront landscape and staffage was analyzed. Based on the topographical analysis of the waterfront landscape and staffage, the results can be summarized into 5 types of the waterfront landscape. Based on the micro-topographical characteristics of the waterfront landscape styles are as follow. In the mountainous streams, long waterfall and deep forest type are apparent, which depicts deep mountain waterfall scenery, and a multi-stream forest is the scenery of a picnic in the mountains, which is a representative form of mountainous streams landscape. In the upper-middle stream, the water-surface and gazebo type is predominant. In the lower stream, the sandy-gazebo typ scenery is predominant and the sandy depiction is unique to lower stream landscape. Pile sandy-dock type is life scenes where human activity highlighted, is a representative form of the lower stream landscapes. The characteristic of the coastal landscape is the serpentine rock scenery on the beach and the wave-serpentine rock type that forms the main coastal landscape. The study aims to propose significant design elements for a natural waterfront landscape planning based on the analysis of landscape in the paintings of Jeong Seon.