• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2018.10a
• /
• pp.833-835
• /
• 2018

최근 돼지의 상태 및 행동을 분석하기 위하여 카메라를 이용한 돈사 내 돼지에 대한 감시 시스템에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 특히, 대부분의 국내 돈사는 돼지를 밀집 사육하는 방식이기 때문에 돼지의 겹침이 빈번하게 발생한다. 돼지들 간 겹침이 발생하게 되면 한 마리의 돼지로 인식하는 문제가 있기 때문에 개별 돼지의 탐지 및 추적이 불가능하다. 본 논문에서는 깊이 정보 영상을 이용하여 겹침 돼지를 탐지하고 개별 돼지로 특정 하는 방법을 제안한다. 즉, 임계 값을 설정하여 돼지와 배경을 분리함으로써 돼지들의 영역을 탐지하고, 탐지된 돼지들의 영역 크기를 비교하여 겹침 돼지를 탐지한다. 이후 탐지된 겹침 돼지의 깊이 정보를 이용하여 겹침 돼지를 두 마리의 돼지로 특정한다. 실험 결과, 겹침 돼지를 탐지하였고 탐지된 겹침 돼지에 대하여 각각 서 있는 돼지와 누워 있는 돼지로 특정 하였다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.685-692
• /
• 2020

In this study, the experimental and analytical study were performed on the location of longitudinal cracks in the middle of underground box structures. The location where the longitudinal cracking occurred was investigated that the overlapping joint of the rebar and the section of maximum tensile stress generated. Using the finite element analysis, the strength reduction ratio of the rebar was estimated by lack of overlap joint length. As the result of adequacy investigation for the length of the overlap joint presented in the design criteria, it was analytically proved that the lack of the overlap joint length could be cause the decreasing cross-sectional force and concrete cracking. As the result of this study, the adequacy of the overlapping criterion in the current design criteria was confirmed based on the finite element analysis and actual field case. In the case of overlapping joints installed in inappropriate position, it was considered that a long term crack control would be need to ensure the sufficient safety factor for the designed cross-sectional force.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.4B
• /
• pp.491-504
• /
• 2001

본 논문은 고정된 카메라를 통해 들어오는 도로연상에서 추적되는 다중 차량들의 겹침(occlusion)발생시 칼만 필터와 차량의 특징정보를 이용하여 개별 차량을 분할하고 추적 가능한 시스템을 제안하고 구현하였다. 다중 차량을 추적할 시 가장 큰 문제점이 되고 있는 차량 겹침을 해결하기 위해 카메라와의 거리를 이용하여 해결하는 방법 3D 모델을 이용하여 해결하는 방법, 겹침 추론 등 차량 겹침을 해결하기 위한 여러 가지 방법들이 제시되고 있다. 그러나 영상에 연속적으로 나타나는 다중 차량의 겹침을 단일 차량으로 인식할 수 는 단점이 있다. 따라서 칼만 필터와 차량의 특징 정보로서 차량의 높이와 넓이의 비, 추적에 사용되는 박스에서 차량과 여백의 비를 이용함으로서 연속적으로 나타날 수 있는 차량 겹침을 분할하고 추적 가능하게 하는 시스템을 구현하고 실험하였다. 본 시스템에서는 256X 256의 크기로 15 frames/sec로 저장된 AVI 파일 형식의 동영상을 사용하여 실험에 이용하였으며, 시내 도로에서의 차량들의 실험 결과 기존의 방법 보다 차량 특징 정보를 이용한 방법이 연속적 겹침에 대한 처리에 우수함을 보였다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.12 no.2E
• /
• pp.80-87
• /
• 1993

본 논문에서는 겹침이 있는 물체의 인식을 위하여 겹침을 당한 물체의 가려진 부분에 대한 추정을 행하는 방법을 제안한다. 주어진 입력화상에서 정점의 호수점의 개수를 셈으로 겹침의 생성 여부를 알 수 있다. 또한 특징추출을 행하기전에 도형의 형태량에 기초하여 겹침을 당한 물체의 가려진 부분을 추정하여 본 논문의 유용성을 여러 실험에 의해 입증하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.199-207
• /
• 2007

Strut-and-tie models for noncontact lap splices are presented and parameters affecting the effective lap length $(l_p)$ and the splice strength are discussed in this paper. The effective lap length along which bond stress is developed is shorter than the whole lap length. The effective lap length depends on the transverse reinforcement ratio $({\Phi})$ and the ratio of spacing to lap length $({\alpha})$. As the splice-bar spacing becomes wider, the effective lap length decreases and, therefore, the splice strength decreases. The influence of the ratio ${\alpha}$ on the effective lap length becomes more effective when the transverse reinforcement ratio is low. Because the slope of the strut developed between splice-bars becomes steeper as the ratio ${\Phi}$ becomes lower, the splice-bar spacing significantly affects the effective lap length. The proposed strut-and-tie models for noncontact lap splices are capable of considering material and geometric properties and, hence, providing the optimal design for detailing of reinforcements. The proposed strut-and-tie model can explain the experimental results including cracking patterns and the influence of transverse reinforcements on the splice strength reported in the literature. From the comparison with the test results of 25 specimens, the model can predict the splice strengths with 11.1% of coefficient of variation.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.10 no.1 s.47
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2006

Through the 1982 Urahawa-ohi and the 1995 Kobe earthquakes, a number of bridge columns were observed to develop a flexural-shear failure due to the bond slip as a consequence of premature termination of the column longitudinal reinforcement. Because the seismic behavior of RC bridge piers is largely dependent on the performance of the plastic hinge legion of RC bridge piers, it is desirable that the seismic capacity of RC bridge pier is to evaluate as a curvature ductility. The provision for the lap splice of longitudinal steel was not specified in KHBDS(Korea Highway Bridge Design Specification) before the implementation of 1992 seismic design code, but the lap splice of not more than 50%, longitudinal reinforcement was newly allowed in the 2005 version of the KHBDS. The objective of this research is to investigate the distribution and ductility of the curvature of RC bridge column with the lap splice of longitudinal reinforcement in the plastic hinge legion. Six (6) specimens were made in 600 mm diameter with an aspect ratio of 2.5 or 3.5. These piers were cyclically subjected to the quasi-static loads with the uniform axial load of $P=0.1f_{ck}A_g$. According to the slip failure of longitudinal steels of the lap spliced specimen by cyclic loads, the curvatures of the lower and upper parts of the lap spliced region were bigger and smaller than the corresponding paris of the specimen without a lap splice, respectively. Therefore, the damage of the lap spliced test column was concentrated almost on the lower part of the lap spliced region, that appeared io be failed in flexure.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2014

In tension lap splices of straight deformed bars, KCI Code (KCI2012) and ACI Code (ACI318-11) requires that the lap lengths for class B splice are 1.3 times as development length. KCI2012 contains development length provisions for the use of headed deformed bars in tension and does not allow their tension lap splices. The purpose of this experimental study is to evaluate that KCI2012 equation for the development length, $l_{dt}$, of headed bars can be used to calculate the lap length, $l_s$, of headed deformed bars in grade SD400 and SD500, having specified yield strength of 400 and 500 MPa. Test results showed that specimens with $l_s$ equal to $1.3l_{dt}$ had maximum flexural strengths as 1.16~1.31 times as the nominal flexural strengths, flexural failure mode, and ductility. These observations indicate that $1.3l_{dt}$ is suitable to the tensile lap length of headed deformed bars in grade SD400 and SD500.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2017.11a
• /
• pp.931-933
• /
• 2017

감시 카메라 환경에서 돈사 내 돼지들을 탐지 및 추적에 관한 연구는 효율적인 돈사 관리 측면에서 중요한 이슈로 떠오르고 있다. 그러나 돼지의 추적 중 돼지간의 겹침이 발생하였을 때 겹침 돼지를 탐지 및 분리하는 것은 어려우며, 이를 해결하는 것은 매우 중요한 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 깊이 정보를 이용하여 돈방의 겹침 돼지들을 탐지한 후, 돼지들의 평균 깊이 값을 이용하여 겹침 돼지를 분리하는 방법을 제안한다. 실험 결과, 깊이 정보 값을 이용하여 겹침 돼지를 탐지한 후 돼지들의 평균 깊이 값을 이용하여 올라탄 돼지와 깔린 돼지로 분리할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2008

As internal and external seismic experiment results, the seismic performance of RC bridge piers is largely dependent on the ratio of lap-spliced bars to all longitudinal reinforcing bars in plastic hinge regions, and confining effects of transverse reinforcements. Capacity and displacement ductility of non-seismically designed existing RC piers are reduced by lap splices in plastic hinge regions. The provision for the lap splice of longitudinal reinforcing bars was not specified in KBDS (Korean Bridge Design Specifications) before the implementation of 1992 seismic design code, but the ratio of lap-spliced bars to all longitudinal reinforcing bars in plastic hinge regions is restricted to 50% in the 2005 version of KBDS. This paper presents a seismic assessment of RC piers at lap-splicing ratios of 0%, 50%, and 100%. Through a comparison of experimental and analytic results of RC piers, we introduce an appropriate ultimate strain of confined concrete in plastic hinge regions with lap-splices, and propose a method for estimating displacement ductility ratios of non-seismically designed existing RC piers using fiber element analysis.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2003

Lap splices were located in the plastic hinge region of most bridge piers that were constructed before the adoption of the seismic design provision of Korea Highway Design Specification on 1992. But sudden brittle failure of lap splices may occur under inelastic cyclic loading. The purpose of this study is to analytically predict nonlinear hysteretic behavior and ductility capacity of reinforced concrete bridge piers with lap splices under cyclic loading. For this purpose, a nonlinear analysis program, RCAHEST(Reinforced Concrete Analysis in Higher Evaluation System Technology) is used. Lap spliced bar element is developed to predict behaviors of lap spliced bar. Maximum bar stress and slip of lap spliced bar is also considered, The proposed numerical method for seismic performance evaluation of reinforced concrete bridge piers with lap splices is verified by comparison with reliable experimental results.