• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.128.1-128.1
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• 2014

잠자리, 벌 등 곤충과 새우, 가재 등 갑각류를 포함하는 절지동물류에서 발견되는 겹눈(compound eye)구조는 볼록한 형태이기 때문에 일반 단일렌즈(single lens)형 눈에 비해 매우 넓은 시야각을 가지며, 깊은 심도를 갖는 특징이 있다. 기존 카메라가 갖기 어려운 겹눈의 독특한 장점으로 인해, 곤충의 눈을 모방하는 연구는 많은 사람들의 주목을 받고 있다. 겹눈구조는 일반적으로 수백에서 수만개의 홑눈(ommatidium)이 모여 다발을 이루고 있으며, 각 홑눈은 겉에서부터 마이크로렌즈 형태의 각막, 수정추, 감간(rhabdom)형태로 이루어져 있다. 따라서 이러한 겹눈구조를 모방하기 위해서는 인공홑눈을 제작하고 이를 반구형으로 배열하는 것이 필수적이다. 그러나 실리콘 반도체를 기반으로 하는 이미지 센서는 딱딱하고 편평하여 굴곡진 형태로 배열이 어렵기 때문에 곤충눈을 모방한 형태의 구조물은 몇몇 연구그룹에서 개발된 사례가 있으나, 이미징이 가능한 곤충눈 시스템의 개발은 보고된 바가 없었다. 본 발표에서는 최근에 연구가 진행되고 있는 플렉서블 전자소자에 기반한 곤충눈을 모방한 이미징 시스템에 대해서 다루고자 한다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.334-343
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• 1995

The eyes of Nilaparvata lugens were examined for ultrastructural changes in the light and dark adapted states. Inspection of light microscope sections taken at similar levels of compound eyes from insects kept in light or darkness for periods up to 72 hors revealed some differences between light and dark adapted eyes. Using the electronmicroscope, in light adapted eyes the palisade layer was narrower than that in dark adapted eyes. The pigment granules still formed a ring around the palisade layer in the dark adapted eye but, they did not form a tight circle around the rhabdom. No constant difference was found between the diameters of the microvilli in light and dark adapted eyes. The pigment movements at the junction of the cone and the rhabdom took the effect on varying the pigment aperture at the tip of the cone in front of the rhabdom tip.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2023

We have investigated the acceptance angle and imaging performance of a curved artificial compound eye (ACE), depending on the sag height of the microlens array to maximize its sensitivity to light. When the h/r values increased from 0.22 to 0.37, the acceptance angle of the curved ACE was expanded from 28.70° to 49.02°, which is an enhancement by 70.8%. With the designed optical system, it was demonstrated that a microlens located at the 23rd position from the center of the main lens could still focus an incident beam tilted at 56.35°, so that the letter F was clearly observed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.266-277
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• 1995

The adult brown planthopper possesses tow oval shaped compound eyes which, on their ventral borders, curve around the base of the antennae. Compound eye of the adult brown planthopper is recognised apposition eye which each ommatidium is optically isolated from it surroundings, the rhabdoms receiving light only from their own corneal lens. Each ommatidium possesses its own dioptric apparatus formed from the cuticular cornea and an underlying crystalline cone. The retinula cells lying immediately beneath the crystalline cone have their individual rhabdomeres tightly opposed to form one central, closed rhbdom. The rhabdom stretches from the spex of the crystalline cone nearly to the basement membrane and is approximately 110~120 $\mu\textrm{m}$ in length. The crystalline cone is surrounded by a pair of primary pigment cells an these in turn are surrounded by accessory pigment cells. Accessory pigment cells extend beyond the crystalline cone surrounding the retinular cells in the distal region of the eye. The crystalline cone is surrounded by the distal-most regions of the retinula cells show the presence of seven cells and sections taken proximally in the last quarter of the omatidium before the basement membrane is reached, reveal the presence of a small, eighth retinula cell which also contributes to the central rhabdom. Each ommatidium has a central rhabdom formed from the modified inner border of all of the retinula cells. Th rhabdom consists of micrvilli arising from the inner wall of each retinula cell. In cross section th microvilli exhibit a characteristic honeycomb appearance. Pigment cells comprise the primary pigment cells enveloping the crystalline cone, the accessory pigment cells extending from the inner surface of the comea to the basement membrane and the small pigment cells of the basement membrane.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.60.2-60
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• 1999

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.269-269
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• 2016

최근, 플렉서블 광전자소자 제작 기술의 눈부신 발전으로, 기존의 평면형 이미지 센서가 가지고 있는 여러가지 한계를 극복하기 위해 곡면형 이미지 센서 제작에 대한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 리소그래피, 물질 성장, 도포, 에칭 등의 대부분의 반도체 공정은 평면 기판에 기반한 공정 방법으로 곡면 구조의 이미지 센서를 제작하기에는 많은 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 곡면형 이미지 센서의 제작을 위해 곡면 구조 위에서의 직접적인 공정 대신 평면 기판에서 단결정 실리콘을 이용해 전사 인쇄가 가능하고 수축이 가능한 초박막 구조의 이미지 센서를 제작한 후 이를 떼어내는 방식을 이용하였다. 이온 주입 및 건식 식각 공정을 통해 평면 SOI (Silicon on Insulator) 기판 위에 단일 광다이오드 배열 형태의 소자를 제작한 후 수 차례의 폴리이미드 층 도포 및 스퍼터링을 통한 금속 배선 공정을 통해 초박막 형태의 광 검출기를 완성한다. 이후 습식 식각 및 폴리디메틸실록산(PDMS) 스탬프를 이용한 전사 인쇄 공정을 통해 기판으로부터 디바이스를 분리하여 변형 가능한 형태의 이미지 센서를 얻을 수 있다. 이러한 박막형 이미지 센서는 유연한 재질로 인해 수축 및 팽창, 구부림과 같은 구조적 변형이 가능하게 되어 겹눈 구조 카메라, 튜너블 카메라 등과 같이 기존 방식의 반도체 공정으로는 구현할 수 없었던 다양한 이미징 시스템 개발에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.361-365
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• 2003

Several species of planthoppers such as brown planthopper, N. lugens (Stal) (BPH), smaller brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fall n) (SBPH), and white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horv th) (WBPH) are distributed in Korean rice paddies but not easy to discriminate them in situ. Accurate discrimination of them is an indispensable process in the forecasting for their outbreak and control. Especially, innovative discrimination method for BPH was required because BPH was one of the most important insect pest of rice. Nymphs and adults of BPHs, SBPHS, and WBPHS, thus, were examined their morphological characteristics in the paddies and laboratory. The nymphs of BPH had different characters from those of SBPH and WBPH. The nymphs of BPH had white fluorescent spot between bottom of compound eye and antenna, while there was no that spot the other two species. The white spot was the brightest at the nymphs just after hatching and getting weaker as the nymph developed. At last the white spot was totally disappeared at the adult stage. This white spot was innovative criterium to discriminate nymphs of BPH, SBPH, and WBPH in rice paddies.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.3 s.136
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• pp.225-231
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• 2004

An endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, has been used for a biological control agent against the diamondback moth, Plutellae xylostella. It has a symbiotic polydnavirus in their reproductive tract, which is required for its successful parasitization. Here, we measured a specific replication time of the polydnavirus during female development of C. plutellae. We, also, analyzed the reproductive potentials of female C. plutellae under mating or different host conditions. At $25^{\circ}C$, pupal C. plutellae began to develop adult tissues such as compound eyes and wings since day 2. At day 5, all adult tissues including antennae were developed and were ready to emerge. With polyclonal antibody raised against C. plutellae polydnavirus, an immunobloting could confirm virus replication at day 4 during pupal stage. Virus particles could be visualized by transmission electron microscope in the oviduct lumen of day 5 pupae. After adult eclosion, venom gland and ovarian calyx increased in size, though ovarioles did not. Mated females layed large number of eggs (over $60\%$) at first 4 days during their mean longevity of ca. 8 days at $25^{\circ}C$. Unmated females showed less active ovipositional behavior, where all the eggs developed into males. C. Plutellae parasitized both P. xylostella and fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea. However, C. Plutellae developed faster and showed higher successful paarasitization in P. xylostella than in H. cunea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.2 s.143
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• pp.119-129
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• 2006

The antennal receptors of the adult male and female of the American leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) was studied using the scanning electron microscopy. This antennal receptors were developed to accept the chemical or mechanical signal in the environment. The antennae of L. trifolii is 317.52 $\mu$m long and composed of the scape, pedicel, funicle, arista. Antennae located between compounds eye on the middle in the head. The result of SEM observation, four types of receptors were characterized and grouped into morphological classes: Trichoid, Basiconic, Coeloconic, Chetiform sensilla. Trichoid sensilla are located on the all segment. As a rule, female is more than male. This sensilla are long and slender hair with straight or slightly curved, and taper to a sharp point apically. Basiconic sensilla are observed only on the funicle. The number of basiconic sensilla in male and female are almost same in both sexes. This sensilla are long and thick hair with stright or slightly curved, and taper to a blunt point apically. Coeloconic sensilla are observed only on the funicle. This sensilla were showed a finger-like projections the peg apex. The number of basiconic sensilla in male and female are almost same in both sexes. Chetifarm sensilla are located on the all segment. This sensilla are needle-like, tapering sharply. Pedicel are more than scape. The number of Chetiform sensilla in male and female are almost same in both sexes.