• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.110-123
• /
• 2022

Namsan Park in Seoul was designated as a "grand park" in 1954 and is currently operated as an 'Urban Nature Park Area' and four 'neighborhood parks.' However, despite the park's historical and cultural value as an urban park, it has been discussed mainly from a perspective revolving around notions of a mountain or a city wall. To ensure a comprehensive exploration of Namsan Park's history, this study examined public records at the Seoul Metropolitan Archives (SMA), which houses the city's permanent records for preservation and organization. To this end, documents in the SMA Database (DB) were analyzed, yielding 1,359 records concerning Namsan Park. Based on the contents, general characteristics of the urban park were identified through production periods, record types, and disclosure types. Then, essential keywords concerning organizations, people, geographical areas, subjects, and business functions were examined. Finally, the contents and characteristics of Namsan Park in public records were scrutinized, focusing on specific spaces. This research also uncovered important information, such as park drawings, photos, planting lists, plant parcel lists, and significant discussions and decisions regarding the operation and management of the park. Although the public records do not contain a comprehensive history of Namsan Park, it was possible to check the primary historical changes and deliberation processes pertaining to the park's history. Therefore, continuous research intended to interpret and describe public records is expected to identify many implications. In addition, because the public records showed heterogeneous characteristics that center on specific periods and events, an essential task is to advance collaboration and networking with various related institutions, designers, researchers, and citizens.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.56 no.1
• /
• pp.103-114
• /
• 2023

The Christian Museum of Gongju Jeil Church was first built in 1931 and was largely damaged during the Korean War, but the walls and chimneys have been preserved. This building has a high architectural values in that the chapel was reconstructed in 1956, and maintains its original form through repair of damaged parts rather than new construction. The stained glass windows were as installed in 1979 and has a great significance in the Dalle de Verre method using lump glass. However, some of the stained glass damaged partially, such as various cracks and splits, and vertical and horizontal cracks in the joint fillers of supporting the colored glass. As the structural materials of the stained glass window, an iron frame and cement mortar filled with it were used, and corrosion of iron, cracking of mortar and granular decomposition appear partially due to weathering. In the joint fillers, the content of Ca and S is very high, indicating that gypsum were used as admixtures, and the gypsums grow in a rhombohedral and forms a bundle, which is investigated to have undergone recrystallization. As a result of modeling the ultrasonic velocity at the joint fillers, the left and right windows at the entrance show relatively weak in the range of 800 to 1,600m/s, and the lower right corner of the altar window and the upper left corner of the center window were also 1,000 to 1,800m/s, showing relatively low physical properties. And gypsums produced during the neutralization of lime mortar were detected in the joint fillers and contaminants on the surface. Such salts may cause damage to the joint material due to freezing and thawing, so appropriate preventive conservation is required. Also, since various damage types are complexly appearing in stained glass window and joint filler, customized conservation treatment should be reviewed through clinical tests.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.22-32
• /
• 2023

To investigate the effect of thinning intensity on environmental factors and ectomycorrhizal mushroom fruiting in forest ecosystems, we studied canopy closure, throughfall, soil temperature, soil moisture, light response of understory vegetation, and ectomycorrhizal mushroom fruiting in a 10-year-old pine forest after 34%, 45%, and 60% thinning. Canopy closure was significantly higher in the 34% treatment and control plots, ranging from 80-85% in April. However, in November, all thinning treatment plots showed a decrease of approximately 5-10% compared with the control plot. The 60% treatment plot had over 200 mm of additional throughfall compared with the control plot, and monthly throughfall was significantly higher by more than 100 mm in October. The soil temperature in each treatment plot increased significantly by up to 1℃ or more compared with the control plot as the thinning rate increased. The soil moisture increased by more than 5% in the thinning treatment plots during rainfall, particularly in the 34% treatment plot, where the rate of moisture decrease was slower. The photosynthetic rate of major tree species (excluding Pinus densiflora)was highest in Quercus mongolica, with a rate of 7 µmolCO₂·m^-2·s^-1. At a lightintensity of 800 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, Q. mongolica showed the highest photosynthetic level of 6 ± 0.3 μmolCO₂·m^-2·s^-1 in the 45% treatment. The photosynthetic rate of Fraxinus sieboldiana and Styrax japonicus increased as the thinning intensity increased. The Shannon-Wiener index of mycorrhizal mushrooms did not significantly differ among treatments, but the fresh weight of mushrooms was approximately 360-840 g higher in the 34% and 45% treatments than in the control. Additionally, the fresh weight of fungi in the 60% treatment was 860 g less than that in the control. There were more individuals of Amanita citrina in the control than in the thinning treatment, while Suillus bovinus numbers increased by more than 10 times in the 34% thinning treatment compared with the control.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.582-591
• /
• 2022

This study was conducted to eliminate Myocastor coypusMolina, 1782 (Nutria) from Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, South Korea. Habitat identification and eradication were carried out from September to November 2013, and a survey was carried out until June 2022 to check whether the eradication was successful. The habitat was identified with unmanned cameras, interviews, and literature surveys, and the capture was performed using the trapping method with food to attract nutria to the habitat area. The study area for the follow-up survey, which was set relatively wide considering nutria's home range, included wetlands and rivers within 4.0 km² of the habitat area (eradication area). As a result, nutria's habitat was confirmed only at Songdang Ranch, Songdang-ri, of Jeju Island, with traces of habitat (footprints, excrement, and burrows) confirmed in waterways and ponds within the pasture. Eight individuals were captured, including four females, three males, and one individual in too advanced a state of decay to identify the sex. The follow-up survey thoroughly investigated the habitat and its surroundings, focusing on three areas with permanent water, Seongeup Reservoir, Cheonmi Creek, and Molsuni Pond, but no signs of habitat were identified. Therefore, it is determined that nutria inhabiting Jeju Island has been completely eradicated. It is believed that the successful eradication of nutria in the Jeju Special Autonomous Region was possible due to a synergy between 1) the eradication of nutria at the beginning of the settlement phase through rapid capture after confirming the nutria habitat and 2) the delayed expansion period because of rare presence of wetlands, where water is constantly stagnant, on Jeju Island. These results imply that quickly identifying the ecological characteristics of the species and preventing disturbances before they or at the beginning of the ecological disturbance through control and eradication at the initial stage of settlement before the expansion stage is an effective measure to cope with the influx of alien species.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.651-661
• /
• 2022

Plants social network analysis, which combines plants society and social network analyses, is a new research method for understanding plants society. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between species, using plant social network analysis targeting Taejongdae in Busan, and build basic data for management. Taejongdae, located in the warm temperate forest in Korea, is a representative coastal forest of Busan Metropolitan City, and the Pinus thunbergii-Eurya japonicacommunity is widely distributed. This study set up 100 quadrats (size of 100m²each) in Taejongdae to investigate the species that emerged and analyzed the interspecies association focusing on major species. Based on the results, a sociogram was created using the Gephi 0.9.2, and the network centrality and structure were analyzed. The results showed that the frequency of appearance was high in the order of P. thunbergii, E. japonica, Quercus serrata, Sorbus alnifolia, Ligustrum japonicum, and Styrax japonicusand that many evergreen broad-leaved trees appeared due to the environmental characteristics of the site. The plants social network of Taejongdae was composed of a small-scale network with 50 nodes and 172 links and was divided into 4 groups through modularization. The succession sere identified through a sociogram confirmed that the group that include P. thunbergiiand E. japonicawould progress to a deciduous broadleaf community dominated by Q. serrataand Carpinus tschonoskii, using hub nodes such as Prunus serrulataf. spontaneaand Toxicodendron trichocarpum. Another succession sere was highly likely to progress to an evergreen broad-leaved community dominated by Machilus thunbergiiand Neolitsea sericea, using M. thunbergiias a medium. In some areas, a transition to a deciduous broad-leaved community dominated by Celtis sinensis, Q. variabilisand Zelkova serratausing Lindera obtusilobaand C. sinensisas hub nodes was expected.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.172-191
• /
• 2023

This study was undertaken to strategize the mixed traffic operation of autonomous vehicles in the pilot zone. This was achieved by analyzing the changes expected when autonomous vehicles are mixed in the autonomous vehicle pilot zone. Although finding a safe and efficient traffic operation strategy is required for the pilot zone to serve as a test bed for autonomous vehicles, there is no available operation strategy based on the mixture of autonomous vehicles. In order to presents a traffic operation strategies for each period of autonomous vehicle introduction, traffic efficiency and safety analysis was performed according to the autonomous vehicle market percentage rate. Based on the analysis results, the introduction stage was divided into introductory stage, transition period, and stable period based on the autonomous vehicle market share of 30% and 70%. This study presents the following traffic operation strategies. Considering the traffic flow operation strategy, we suggest the advancement of the existing road infrastructure at the introductory stage, and operating an autonomous driving lane and the mileage system during the transition period. We also propose expanding the operation of autonomous driving lanes and easing the speed limit during the stable period. In the traffic safety strategy, we present a manual and legal system for responding to autonomous vehicle accidents in the introductory stage, an analysis of the causes of autonomous vehicle accidents and the implementation of preventive policies in the transition period, and the advancement of the autonomous system and the reinforcement of the security system during the stable period. Through the traffic operation strategy presented in this study, we foresee the possibility of preemptively responding to the changes of traffic flow and traffic safety expected due to the mixture of autonomous vehicles in the autonomous vehicle pilot zone in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.61 no.2
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 2023

Purpose. This retrospective study was to investigate the survival and complication rates of posterior single implant according to the implant diameters, lengths and position. Materials and methods. Patients who had been restored single implant prosthesis in the posterior area by the three prosthodontists in the department of prosthodontics, Daejeon dental hospital of Wonkwang university, in the period from February 2014 to May 2018 were selected for the study. A total of 505 patients with 697 implants were observed. The survival and complications of implants were investigated using electronic medical records and radiographs. Fixture diameters, lengths, position, patient's sex and age were assessed as possible factor affecting the survival and complications of implants. Results. 3-year cumulative survival rates of posterior single implants were 98.5% and 5-year cumulative survival rates were 94.4%. 5-year cumulative survival rates were higher in implants with diameter > 4.0 mm (97.0%) than implants with diameter ≤ 4.0 mm (89.5%), and in females (98.8%) than males (92.4%). There were statistically significant differences (P < .05). The mechanical complication rate was 20.1% and the biological complication rate was 4.7%. Complications occurred in order of abutment screw loosening (7.5%), decementation (6.3%), proximal contact loss (3.7%) and so on. Abutment screw loosening occurred more frequently in the lower molar region (10.5%), in males (9.5%) than females (5.1%), and in patients aged < 65 years (9.4%) than patients aged ≥ 65 years (5.1%). There were statistically significant differences (P < .05). Conclusion. The 5-year cumulative survival rates were higher in implants with diameter > 4.0 mm than implants with diameter ≤ 4.0 mm and in females than males. Abutment screw loosening which was the most commonly occurring complication occurred more frequently in the lower molar region, in males than females, and in patients aged < 65 years than patients aged ≥ 65 years. There were statistically significant differences.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.62-81
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study is to propose policies to improve and revitalize rural bus services in Jeollabuk-do in the future by identifying the factors that affect service satisfaction and policy satisfaction and the relationship between them, targeting rural bus users in 4 cities and counties in Jeollabuk-do. In the four cities and counties in the study area, the number of rural bus users is continuously decreasing, and various transportation policies, such as unification of bus fares and demand-response transportation, are being piloted to promote bus use. In this study, three major service quality factors that affect rural bus service satisfaction and policy satisfaction were derived after a literature review. Modifying the research model presented in previous studies, we have presented a research model to verify the relationship between the three factors affecting service satisfaction and policy satisfaction, and the relationship between service satisfaction and policy satisfaction. For the verification of the research model, a total of 520 survey data collected from passengers near bus stops and bus terminals in four cities and counties, Gochang, Gimje, Buan, and Jeongeup, were used. As a result of the verification, it was found that the three factors of economic feasibility, convenience, and safety had a statistically positive (+) effect on service satisfaction, but only convenience and safety had a positive (+) effect on policy satisfaction. Contrary to the research hypothesis, it was found that there was no statistically significant relationship between service satisfaction and policy satisfaction. Although the result is different from the research hypothesis, it was a meaningful result that can make policy suggestions on the improvement of the unified fare system policy, service satisfaction, and policy satisfaction to Jeollabuk-do rural bus transportation policy makers and working-level officers. In conclusion, based on the results of research analysis, the unified fare system, and transportation policy, measures to improve service satisfaction and policy satisfaction were presented.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.186-200
• /
• 2023

This study aims to improve the usability of the white cane, which is walking equipment that most local visually impaired people use and carry when going out, and to contribute to the prevention of safety accidents and the walking rights of visually impaired people by providing improvement and resolution measures for the problems identified. Also, this study is a study on the visually impaired, primarily targeting the 1st to 2nd degree visually impaired people, who cannot go out on their own without walking equipment such as a white cane, corresponding to 20% among approximately 250,000 blind and low vision people in the Korean population. In the study process, the concept has been developed from the user's point of view in order that the white cane becomes a real help in the walking step of the visually impaired and the improvement of usability of the white cane, the main walking equipment for the visually impaired, are done by problem identification through the Double Diamond Model of Design Thinking (Empathize → Define → Ideate → Prototype → Test (verify)). As a result of the investigation in the process of Empathy, a total of five issues was synthesized, including an increase in the proportion of the visually impaired people, an insufficient workforce situation to help all the visually impaired, an improvement and advancement of assistive devices essential for the visually impaired, problems of damage, illegal occupation, demolition, maintenance about braille blocks, making braille block paradigms for the visually impaired and for everyone. In Ideate and Prototype steps, situations derived from brainstorming were grouped and the relationship were made through the KJ method, and specific situations and major causes were organized to establish the direction of the concept. The derived solutions and major functions are defined in four categories, and representative situations requiring solutions and major functions are organized into two user scenarios. Ideas were visualized by arranging the virtual Persona and Customer Journey Map according to the situation and producing a prototype through 3D modeling. Finally, in the evaluation, the final concept derived is a device such a smart cane for guidance for the visually impaired as ① a smart cane emphasizing portability + ② compatibility with other electronic devices + ③ a product with safety and convenience.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.112 no.2
• /
• pp.258-266
• /
• 2023

Pine wilt disease is caused by the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and has killed many pine trees in Europe and Northeast Asia, including South Korea. Resistance to pine wilt disease varies among species. Previous studies were mostly conducted in nature or greenhouses and only a few in test fields. In this study, seedlings of six pine species (Pinus thunbergii, P. koraiensis, P. densiflora, P. parviflora, P. rigida × P. taeda, and P. strobus) were artificially inoculated by pine wood nematodes in the test field. The Wilt Index was measured every 2 weeks after inoculation in addition to the mortality rate, detection rate, and pine wood nematode concentration measurement after 24 weeks. The pine wilt disease mortality rates were P. thunbergii (80%), P. koraiensis (77.8%), P. densiflora (62.5%), and P. parviflora (22.0%), and both P. rigida × P. taeda and P. strobus survived. The pine nematode detection rates were the same among the species except for P. rigida × P. taeda pine (22.2%). High Wilt-Index values were obtained for P. thunbergii, P. koraiensis, and P. densiflora, which had mortality rates higher than the other species. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the Wilt Indexes between P. parviflora, P. rigida × P. taeda, P. strobus, and the control group. Statistically, P. thunbergii and P. koraiensis showed high susceptibility to pine wilt disease, P. densiflora and P. parviflora showed moderate susceptibility, and P. rigida × P. taeda and P. strobus showed apparent resistance. These results provide basic data for pine wood nematode resistance breeding or as evidence of the need for afforestation of P. rigida × P. taeda and P. strobus.