• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 2009

通過對避諱的由來, 種類和方法進行硏究和考察, 得到了如下之結論. 古人認爲人的名字乃自身之代表, 本身就具尊嚴性, 所以古來既有不輕易呼喚名字, 並尊崇名字的風俗, 而在行冠禮之後, 則取字以替代其名, 這都與實名敬避和尊名的風俗有所關系. 早期的避諱, 以對生者不隨便呼叫其名的"不名"和對死者不輕易稱呼其名的死諱爲主, 這些都源於樸素的尊敬與恭敬. 生諱始自秦始皇之時, 初期僅限於對天子和諸侯的名字進行避諱, 而對嫌名则未曾進行避諱. 避諱的種類, 包括出於恭敬而避諱的敬諱, 出於心理排斥而避諱的忌諱, 以及出於憎惡和討厭而避諱的憎諱, 但總以敬諱爲其主幹. 至於避諱的方法, 主要有改字, 改稱, 空字, 作某, 標諱, 缺字, 缺筆(缺劃)和更讀等法. 在我國, 避諱究竟始於哪一时代目前难以確認, 但在新羅時代的金石文中, 可以看到不少有關避諱與缺筆的例子, 在高麗時代則對帝王的名字通過改字或缺筆來进行了避諱, 朝鮮時代則爲了排除避諱的弊端, 對王族的名字取以生僻之字, 使避諱所致的弊端大为減少.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.26 no.4 s.73
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• pp.189-193
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• 1987

Five unrecorded species of Geometridae from Korea; Meteima mediorufa gilva Idiotephria evanescens, I. debilitata, Scopula modicaria, Polythrena coloraria were reported with brief redescriptions and illustration of their genitalia. And eight little known species from Korean penninsula, were listed with collected localities and the range of their distribution.

• The Journal of Information Technology and Database
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-94
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• 2001

Providing explanations about recommending actions is one of the most important capabilities of expert systems. In fact, there exist many approaches incorporating this explanation facility into the system. Here we present briefly a new approach to generating these explanations and further attempt to investigate the impact of system explanations on user behaviors toward system-generated recommendations. For this experiment we designed a stock investment decision supporting system which, given a set of market situations, suggests an investment recommendation with explanations about the recommending action. Twenty-nine bank employees evaluated the output of the system in a laboratory setting. The results indicate that explanation facilities can make systems-generated advice more confident to users but cannot increase users'acceptance for the system conclusion.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 투광성 0.085Ba(L $a_{1}$2/N $b_{1}$2/) $O_{3}$- 0.915Pb(Z $r_{y}$ $Ti_{1-y}$) $O_{3}$(0.45.leq.y.leq.0.70)세라믹을 2단 소성법으로 제작한 후, PbZr $O_{3}$조성 및 온도에 따른 구조적, 강유전적특성을 측정하였다. XRD측정 결과, PbZr $O_{3}$조성이 감소할수록 결자상수 및 단위격자 체적은 감소하였으며 시편의 결정구조는 입방정계에서 능면체정계, 정방정계로 변화되었다. 8.5/60/40시편의 경우 포화분극, 잔류분극 및 항전계가 각각 33.28[.mu.C/$cm^{2}$], 4.15[kV/cm]로 전형적인 메모리 특성을 나타내었으며 PbZr $O_{3}$조성이 증가함에 따라 강유전 이력곡선은 slim loop특성을 나타내었다. 잔류분극은 온도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며 특히 PE-FE상경계 부근에 위치한 조성의 경우, 상전이 온도 이하의 온도에서 급격히 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.36D no.7
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• pp.80-91
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• 1999

We present various optimal grating structures which give the low threshold gain, good modulation characteristics, small effective linewidth enhancement factor, and large fabrication tolerance in complex-coupled MQW DFB lasers with absorptive gratings. To obtain these, we calculate the complex coupling coefficients using the extended additional layer method and the threshold gain including the modal loss in the absorptive grating region for rectangular and trapezoidal gratings. Based on the comparison of the results for various possible absorptive grating structures, the design guidelines are presented to obtain the low threshold gain or large fabrication tolerance. Among the grating structures studied, the double grating structure consisting of the absorptive grating on the index grating has the largest fabrication tolerance for the threshold gain and the coupling strength. The fabrication tolerance for the coupling ratio is very large for all the grating structures studied.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.36D no.6
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• pp.52-60
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• 1999

Fabricability of phase shifted grating filters has been theoretically studied by an effective index transfer matrix method. In the optical band-pass filter with multiple ${\lambda}/4$ phase-shifts, the phase-shift error and random variation of the grating period should be suppressed such that corresponding resonance frequency lies within, the filter pass-band. The tolerance for the relative error is less than $10^3$, and is quite stringent in typical filters for WDM application. End facet reflection produces ripple in the transmission spectra and the reflectivity should be less than 1% in order to keep the ripple less than 0.25dB. Also, the effect of waveguide absorption loss is enhanced by the resonance in the filter, and the absorption should be limited to 1dB/cm for the signal loss of less than 0.2dB.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 1982

This is a preliminary animal experiment for development of the electronic ears for deaf patients. In 10 Guinea Pigs'ears, we have measured the changes of cochlear microphonics (CM) for Pure sound after application of 100dB white noise sound and NaCl crystal. In response to white noise sound, the amplitude of cochlear microphonics for pure sound has decreased by 30% in 30 minutes, then it has recovered to its initial control amplitude in 90minutes. In NaCl crystal application, the amplitude of cochlear microphonics for pure sound has decriased by 50% in 15minutes and has remained at reduced level. Also, the deaf Guinea Pig shows a motion reflex for sound when we apply electrical signals similar to cochlear microphonics to the electrodes located in the round window of the inner ear.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the processing of continuous queries over multiple data streams. When the arrival rates of tuples exceed the memory capacity of the system, a load shedding technique is used to avoid the system becoming overloaded by dropping some subset of input tuples. In this paper, we propose an effective load shedding algorithm for multi-way windowed joins over multiple data streams. Most previous load shedding algorithms estimate the productivity of each tuple, i.e., the number of join output tuples produced by the tuple, based on its "join attribute value" and drop tuples with the lowest productivity. However, the productivity of a tuple cannot be accurately estimated from its join attribute value when the join attribute values are unique and do not repeat, or the distribution of the join attribute values changes over time. For these cases, we estimate the productivity of a tuple based on its "arrival order" on data streams, rather than its join attribute value. The proposed method can effectively estimate the productivity of a tuple even when the productivity of a tuple cannot be accurately estimated from its join attribute value. Through extensive experiments and analysis, we show that our proposed method outperforms the previous methods in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.189-193
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the frequency of different classes of partial edentulism and the most frequently used design components of conventional removable partial dentures. Materials and methods: 63 patients who were treated with removable partial denture in Kyungpook National University hospital for 2003-2006 were selected. A total of 76 removable partial denture frameworks were investigated. Kennedy classification was used to identify the class of partial edentulism. Results: Results indicated that Kennedy class I removable partial dentures were the most frequently constructed. Most patients' cases were designed without modification areas. Conclusion: The most common type of direct retainer were the RPI clasp and RPA clasp in both maxilla and mandible. Lingual bar, linguoplate and anterior posterior palatal straps were the more frequently used mandibular and maxillary major connectors respectively. We did not have any case about Kennedy class IV patients.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.439-448
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• 1996

Extraction and selection of the informative features play a central role in pattern recognition. This paper describes a modified back-propagation algorithm that performs selection of the informative features and trains a neural network simultaneously. The algorithm is mainly composed of three repetitive steps : training, connection pruning, and input unit elimination. Afer initial training, the connections that have small magnitude are first pruned. Any unit that has a small number of connections to the hidden units is deleted,which is equivalent to excluding the feature corresponding to that unit.If the error increases,the network is retraned,again followed by connection pruning and input unit elimination.As a result,the algorithm selects the most im-portant features in the measurement space without a transformation to another space.Also,the selected features are the most-informative ones for the classification,because feature selection is tightly coupled with the classifi-cation performance.This algorithm helps avoid measurement of redundant or less informative features,which may be expensive.Furthermore,the final network does not include redundant parameters,i.e.,weights and biases,that may cause degradation of classification performance.In applications,the algorithm preserves the most informative features and significantly reduces the dimension of the feature vectors whiout performance degradation.