• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3492-3499
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• 2012

The purpose of this research was to investigate nursing students' attitude toward body weight control, food behaviors according to their recognition, satisfaction on body image and Body Mass Index(BMI). The subjects were 273 nursing students. A survey was conducted using a self administered questionnaire. The data were an analyzed by a SPSS program. The majority of the surveyed participants were normal range for body mass index(BMI). Most of nursing students preferred a thin body image and were not satisfied with their body image. Most also controlled their body weight for appearance by exercising and the other efforts to change the body weight. From the above results, it is considered that nursing students need to establish proper self-recognition and dietary behaviors for their body images and counseling for desirable body weight control methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.627-635
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the relations between dietary habit and academic achievement, subjective health judgement, and physical status. The subjects consisted of freshmen in university and answered to questionnaires through the Internet. The questionnaire consists of the dietary habit, academic achievement (College Scholastic Ability Test), subjective health judgement, and physical status during their 3$^{rd}$ grade in high school days. Data were collected from 3,612 people. Over 33% of respondents had their breakfast daily. Subjects who had breakfast below twice per week were 37.9%. The major reason of skipping breakfast was lack of time to eat breakfast (62.8%). The subjects who recognized the importance of breakfast were 80.6% (p＜0.001). More than half (52.7%) thought that dinner was most tasty. People who ate breakfast regularly had a tendency to recognize their health state were in good health (p＜0.01). There was no significant difference of BMI (body mass index) according to the frequency of breakfast per week. The subjects who had their breakfast regularly and well-balanced dietary habit reported higher marks in the College Scholastic Ability Test. In contrast, the subjects who rarely had breakfast showed poor marks of academic achievement and subjective health judgement. According to these results, a good dietary habit is considered to be important to academic achievement and confidence in health. Therefore we suggest the school breakfast program and nutrition education program should be required for teenagers. In addition, the findings from this study would provide the basic information for nutrition education in Korean teenagers..

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.5C
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• pp.664-672
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• 2004

Widespread popularity of wireless data communication devices, coupled with the availability of higher bandwidths, has led to an increased user demand for content-rich media such as images and videos. Since such content often tends to be private, sensitive, or paid for, there exists a requirement for securing such communication. However, solutions that rely only on traditional compute-intensive security mechanisms are unsuitable for resource-constrained wireless and embedded devices. In this paper, we propose a selective partial image encryption scheme for image data hiding , which enables highly efficient secure communication of image data to and from resource constrained wireless devices. The encryption scheme is invoked during the image compression process, with the encryption being performed between the quantizer and the entropy coder stages. Three data selection schemes are proposed： subband selection, data bit selection and random selection. We show that these schemes make secure communication of images feasible for constrained embed-ded devices. In addition we demonstrate how these schemes can be dynamically configured to trade-off the amount of ded devices. In addition we demonstrate how these schemes can be dynamically configured to trade-off the amount of data hiding achieved with the computation requirements imposed on the wireless devices. Experiments conducted on over 500 test images reveal that, by using our techniques, the fraction of data to be encrypted with our scheme varies between 0.0244％ and 0.39％ of the original image size. The peak signal to noise ratios (PSNR) of the encrypted image were observed to vary between about 9.5㏈ to 7.5㏈. In addition, visual test indicate that our schemes are capable of providing a high degree of data hiding with much lower computational costs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.366-373
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the self-reported health and eating habit of the elite female adolescent athletes in Incheon. The subjects were 102 elite female athletes of middle and high schools located in Inchon. A self-administered Questionnaire was used for this cross-sectional survey. Statistical analysis by two-way ANOVA was performed to discriminate between the main effects of age (as middle and high school athletes) and sports type, and their interaction. As use of nutritional supplements, 35.8% of the total subjects took vitamin and iron supplements and 62.5% of field and track athletes took vitamin and iron supplements. While mental stress related to exercise was much in fencing ＆gt; shooting ＆gt; field and track ＆gt; swimming athletes, physical burden during training was higher in swimming ＆gt; field and track ＆gt; fencing ＆gt; shooting athletes. More than half of the subjects showed irregular menstrual cycle. As the most severe problem of eating habit, they reported skipping meal ＆gt; overeating ＆gt; prejudiced meal ＆gt; preference to salty and spicy foods. More than half of the subjects skipped meal over three times per week. Fencing and shooting athletes showed very significantly higher frequency of skipping meal and more irregular breakfast time compared to those of other sport types. As for snack, they ate cookies, carbonated drink, chocolate, candy ＆gt; milk, yogurt, ice cream ＆gt; cake, bread, rice cake ＆gt; fried noodle ＆gt; hamburger, pizza. Therefore, nutritional counseling and education by sport type are necessary for health and good eating habit of these elite female adolescent athletes.

• Social Workers
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• no.2 s.34
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• pp.34-36
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• 2005

결식아동에 대한 부실도시락이 사회적 문제로 지적되며 아동복지에 관한 다양한 문제들이 언론을 통하여 보도되고 있다. 소위 ‘IMF 경제위기’ 이후 사회저변에서 발견되는 빈곤에 대한 지속적인 사회적 관심이 있었지만, 빈곤 아동에 대한 관심은 상대적으로 적었다. 아동에 관한 사회적 이슈는 대부분 교육문제에 한정된 경향이 있었고, 아동의 복지문제는 여전히 가족의 책임으로 가정하는 경향이 존재해 왔다. 하지만, 아동복지는 복지공급(welfare provision)이라는 수동적인 차원만이 아니라 기회균등(equal opportunity)의 발판을 마련한다는 차원에서 매우 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 교육문제가 중요하다는 것은 재차 강조할 필요가 없지만, 교육 여건을 형성하고 가능하게 하는 여건이 허락되지 않는다면 ‘교육을 통한 기회균등’이라는 슬로건은 허상에 지나지 않을 것이다. 이러한 한국적 맥락을 배경으로 2005년 영국 아동정책의 변화를 점검해 보고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.49
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• pp.190-224
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find out the characteristics of the direct workers and the organizations delivering services to the children in low-income families, and to identify major factors that affect the number and degree centrality of service network. The research sample was 141 organizations. and the data were collected by a survey questionnaire and analyzed by UCINET V and multiple regression. The results show that the classification of organizations, the work-autonomy, the license of social welfare have a significant effect on the number of network organization, and the license of social welfare, the subjective body of organizations, the number of children in charge have a significant effect on the degree centrality of service network, among the independent variables. Based on the research results, implications for the future practice are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1589-1598
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of obesity on health by analyzing the factors which are related to obesity through the questionnaires on the dietary pattern, nutrient intake and physical measurements. The subjects, 419 college women aged 20 to 24 year-old, were randomly selected from Seoul and data were collected during March to May, 2008 and classified as under underweight, normal weight, and obesity groups according to BMI. However, weight, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, fat free mass, percentage of body fat, and waist to hip ratio showed significant differences among all the groups (p<0.05). In the obese group, 77.8% ate fat-rich foods such as galbi and samgyopsal more than two times per week, 66.7% ate vegetables other than kimchi (p<0.05) as compared to the underweight and normal groups by mini dietary assessment (p<0.05). The cholesterol intakes of the underweight, normal weight, and obese groups were $164.67{\pm}114.52mg/dL$, $143.31{\pm}99.58mg/dL$, and $121.92{\pm}54.91mg/dL$, respectively, and the obese group had a significantly lower intake than the other groups (p<0.05). The serum total cholesterol levels of the underweight, normal, and obese groups were $177.04{\pm}26.36mg/dL$, $189.46{\pm}29.05mg/dL$, and $170.00{\pm}12.75mg/dL$, respectively, and the obese group showed lower total cholesterol level than the other groups (p<0.05). The triacylglycerol level of the obese group ($132.00{\pm}64.60mg/dL$) was significantly higher than the other two groups (p<0.05). The HDL-cholesterol levels of the underweight, normal weight, and obese groups were $51.92{\pm}9.39mg/dL$, $59.20{\pm}13.53mg/dL$, and $43.00{\pm}8.98mg/dL$, respectively, showing that the obese subjects had significantly lower HDL-cholesterol levels as compared to the subjects in the other groups (p<0.05). The HDL-C/LDL-C ratios of the underweight ($0.52{\pm}0.45$) and normal weight ($0.59{\pm}0.23$) groups were higher than the ratio of the obese group ($0.41{\pm}0.06$). Total cholesterol were positively correlated with LDL-cholesterol (r=0.768, p<0.01), but triacylglycerol were adversely correlated with HDL-cholesterol. In conclusion, our results show that college-aged women in Seoul should be encouraged to amend their overall dietary habits, make a dietary plan that fits their individual needs, and maintain an effective exercise schedule.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1856-1864
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutrient intake status of university students in Chuncheon area (175 males and 131 females). This study was conducted by employing a self-administered questionnaire. Dietary assessment was measured by a 24-h recall method. The average height and weight of male students were $175.2{\pm}6.2cm$ and $68.2{\pm}9.9kg$, respectively. For female students, average values were $161.7{\pm}5.2cm$ and $55.1{\pm}6.5kg$, respectively. The mean BMIs for both male and female students were 22.2 and 21.1, respectively. In both male and female students, the rate of skipping breakfast was high. Daily averages for energy, carbohydrates, protein, and fat intakes in male students were significantly higher than those of female students (P<0.001). For male students, protein, vitamin B1, P, Fe, and Na were above recommended nutrient intake and adequate intake, whereas for female students, they were protein, vitamin A, P, and Na. For male students, nutrient intakes for Ca, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C, and vitamin $B_6$ were below the estimated average requirement (EAR) by at least 50% or more, whereas for female students, they were vitamin C, Fe, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, folate, and Ca. Ca was alarmingly low, with more than 75% of both male and female students showing levels below the EAR. Therefore, it is important that nutritional education be facilitated for college students to take responsibility of their own health through learning about nutrient intake as well as developing positive eating habits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.995-1009
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits, behaviors, and food consumption frequency according to gender and obesity level among middle school students in the Jeonju area. Subjects for the questionnaire were 450 middle school students (male 255, female 195) and were classified as either obese students (n=150 or non-obese students (n=299) by the obesity assessment method. The results were analyzed with SAS program (Version 9.1), and were as follows. 1. Dietary behaviors were significantly different in the rate of 'Skipping breakfast (p<0.05)', 'Duration of meal time (min) (p<0.05)' and 'Unbalanced diet (p<0.01)' between males and females. Dietary habits and behaviors also differed significantly for the rate of ‘Taste preferences (p<0.05)’, and 'Unbalanced diet (p<0.01)' between obese students and non-obese students. 2. Food consumption frequency per week was as follows. First, males were significantly higher than females in 'Instant noodle (p<0.05)', 'Milk (p<0.01)', and 'Soda pop (p<0.01)'; on the other hand females were significantly higher than males in 'Chocolate, Candy (p<0.01)'. Second, non-obese students were significantly higher than obese students in 'Instant noodle (p<0.05)', 'Hamburger, Pizza (p<0.05)', and 'Chocolate, Candy (p<001)'. Especially, non-obese male students were higher in 'Instant noodle (p<0.05)' and 'Hamburger, Pizza (p<0.05)'; non-obese female students were higher in 'Chocolate, Candy (p<0.01)'. In conclusion, an action program is needed to encourage healthful dietary behaviors, increased physical activity, and forming good lifelong habits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1501-1514
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health condition and nutritional status in female university students in Masan. The 285 subjects aged 20.1 years (18~26 years) were assessed with a set of questionnaire composed of general information, food, smoking, drinking and exercise habits, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements, 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaire. The rates of smoking and alcohol drinking habits were 1.8% and 82.5%, respectively. All the subjects had the experience of passive smoking. The 11% of the students exercised regularly and 11.6% ate meal regularly. The average height and weight of subjects were 161.0 ㎝ and 53.9 ㎏, respectively and the BMI was calculated as 20.8${\pm}$2.6 ㎏/$m^2$:The 13.3% of subjects were underweight, while 6.7% of them were overweight. The mean value for body fat was 26.4% and subscapular and tricep skinfolds thickness were 14.2 ㎜ and 16.9 ㎜, and waist-hip ratio was 0.72. The systolic/diastolic blood pressure of the subjects was 115.9 ㎜Hg/70.9 ㎜Hg. Except protein, phosphorous, vitamin E, B_6 and C, the average intakes of energy and nutrients were below the Korea recom-mended dietary allowance (RDA). Especially, intakes of calcium, iron and zinc were the lowest, as <70% of RDA. The proportion of energy derived from carbohydrates : protein : fat was 58.0 : 15.8 : 26.2. The 10 frequently consumed food were ssalbap (47.2/mon), kimchi (35.6/mon), onion (16.8/mon), japgokbap (15.1/mon), sesame oil (14.1/mon), carbonated drink (13.3/mon), grapes (12.7/mon), ice cream (12.4/mon), milk (11.9/mon) and water-melon (10.6/mon). Results of this study could be useful for planning nutrition education programs for female university students in this area to improve their dietary habit and health status.