• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1049-1055
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of twinkling artifacts according to the types of urinary stones in color Doppler ultrasound. For two types of urinary stones with different colors, the degree of occurrence of color Doppler twinkling artifact in water tank was analyzed, and the surface condition and composition of the stones were analyzed. The composition of Calcium and phosphorus were the most frequent components in white and brown stones excluding carbon and oxygen. Twinkling artifacts of color Doppler appear stronger in brown stone. The higher the phosphorus content of the stones, the shorter the twinkling artifact appears, so it is possible to predict the main composition of stones.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2002

The pain of chronic pancreatitis associated intraductal stones is related to increased intraductal pressure. Decom-pression of the pancreatic duct along with extraction of stones are the goals of a combined endoscopic-extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy approach. The aim of this study is to define radiographic prognostic criteria for better complete free rate of pancreatic head and body ductal stones for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Fifty-nine patients with chronic pancreatitis were treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for endoscopically unretrievable stones. The stones on endoscopic retrograde pancreatograms were classified into four characteristics including number, size of longest diameter, density compared with vertebral body, and shape. Complete stone free were obtained in 45 of 59(76.3%). Pancreatic ductal stones with radiographic characteristics including higher density than vertebral body, square shape, and rim calcified stones were hindrance factors for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. We propose that patients with rim calcified stone of our three hindrance factors should be treated by other technique.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.637-642
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• 2021

Kidney stones are largely classified into kidney stones, ureter stones, and urolithiasis depending on the location of their occurrence. Therefore, in this study, from January 2019 to June 2021, kidney stones found in 112 patients with flank pain or who visited for abdominal ultrasonography at a general hospital located in Daegu were diagnosed with urolithiasis. We wanted to investigate the effect on twinkling artifacts. As a result of the study, the incidence of twinkling artifacts due to kidney stones was relatively high in the longitudinal scan among the scan methods. As the number of kidney stones increased, the incidence of twinkling artifacts increased by 1.296 times (p<0.05). As the kidney stone size increased, the incidence of twinkling artifacts increased by 0.086-fold (p<0.05). It was found that the number and size of kidney stones are factors affecting twinkling artifacts. Since the effect of kidney stones on twinkling artifacts is related to the number and size of kidney stones, continuous attention should be paid to helping the detection of kidney stones by using variables affecting twinkling artifacts.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.120-128
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• 2017

Acute flank pain from urolithiasis is the most common condition in people visiting emergency rooms. This study is to evaluate the usefulness of color Doppler in detecting ureteral stones in patients without hydronephrosis. We performed ultrasonography and retrospective analysis on 161 patients who were suspected of urinary stones through plain radiography of the kidney, ureter, and bladder examination or urine tests that showed positive signs of hematuria. In ultrasonography, a total of 154 (95.6%) cases from the 161 patients were diagnosed with ureteral stones. In color Doppler, ureteral stones with twinkling artifact (TA) in the absence of hydronephrosis was shown in 18 (85.7%) cases of the 21 patients(p<0.001). The use of color Doppler has a high diagnostic efficacy for the detection of indistinguishable stones, non-dilatational ureteral stones, and middle ureter stones.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.291-298
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• 2016

The aim of the study was to investigate the diagnostic value of the color Doppler twinkling artifact in disease of urinary system. The intensity of twinkling artifact(TA) with color Doppler was classified into 3 levels, 0(non-TA) to 3(distinct TA). In the in vitro study, acorn jelly with various materials on top was examined using color Doppler at B-mode sonography in a water bath for TA. 31 patients with diagnosis of urinary calculi(renal stones 16, urinary stones 15) based on B-mode sonography were studied in vivo for TA. The materials with rough surfaces such as salt, screw and cubics at B-mode sonography with color Doppler contributed to causing TA. At B-mode sonography without color Doppler 37% of renal stones and 60% of ureter stones were detected. but at B-mode sonography with color Doppler TA was demonstrated for all cases. Superficial roughness of materials affected occurrence of TA at B-mode sonography with color Doppler. Therefore, TA at B-mode sonography without color Doppler could play a role in confident diagnosis of the disease of urinary system.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 1997

Nephrolithiasis is the most common disorder of the urinary tract in hospitalized patients, more frequently increased in 30~50 years of age, more common in males than in females, prior right stone to left side, and than upper ureteral stone is found in cultural country, while lower ureteral stone is increased in uncultural country. Stone components are classified as calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, uric acid, cystine, and their mixed stone, respectively. According to the pathophysiology of urinary stones, supersaturation/crystalization of inorganic salt concentration in urine, organic matrix, inhibitor deficiency, and epitaxy theory could be based on the stone formation. Not only hypercalciuria, hyperparathyroidism, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria, and cystinuria, but also renal tubular acidosis, hypervitaminosis D, and peptic ulcer, are significantly associated with nephrolithiasis. In this study upper ureteral stone component were analyzed with chemical analysis, infrared spectrum, and image analyzer from K43 patient wit erosive gastritis. As the results, mixed stone of calcium oxalate dihydrate and calcium phosphate apatite was identified, the values of clinical test in blood and urine maintained normal revels. The relapsing urinary stone from K43 have no correlation between factors for stone formation reported early, also have no evidence for risk from erosive gastritis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.268-270
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• 2012

A 2-month-old, intact female, maltese puppy was presented with an acute onset of hematuria and stranguria. The dog was diagnosed as urotliths in bladder using radiography of abdomen. Struvite uroliths in bladder were confirmed by Minnesota Urolith Center after surgical removal of uroliths on local clinic. There were 3 struvite uroliths in bladder and it caused hematuria. The dog had no problem including hematuria for 2 months after surgical removal of uroliths with preventative diet for struvite uroliths.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.280-287
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• 2007

Purpose : Urinary lithiasis is uncommon in children, however, it may lead to chronic renal insufficiency and even end stage renal disease. The etiology of stone formation in children is largely unknown; although the most common causes are known to be associated with congenital anomalies of the genito-urinary(G-U) tract, urinary tract infections(UTI), and metabolic diseases. Methods : A total of 73 children(male:female=42:31, mean age $6.6{\pm}5.3$ years) presented with urinary lithiasis between Sep. 1998 and Jul. 2007 at Seoul National University Children's Hospital. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Results : The most common presenting symptoms were gross hematuria(28/73, 38%) and flank or abdominal pain(23/73, 32%). The stones were located in the upper urinary tract in 48 patients(66%), in the bladder in 18(24%), and in both the bladder and upper urinary tract in 2 (3%). Congenital anomalies of the G-U tract with/without UTI were detected in 30 children (41%), hypercalciuria with/without hypercalcemia in 15(20%), and other metabolic diseases in 8(11%). In 17 patients(23%), no underlying cause of stone formation was detected. The majority of stones were infected stones(24/36, 67%), which were followed by calcium stones(8/36, 22%), uric acid stones(3/36, 8%). and cystine stones(1/36, 3%). Thirty-four patients(46%) underwent surgical procedures and/or extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for stone removal, and 13(18%) passed stones spontaneously with/without medical management. Stones recurred in 6 patients(8%): 4 with neurogenic bladder augmented by ileocystoplasty, 1 with cystinuria, and 1 with unknown etiology. Conclusion : The common causes of urinary lithiasis in children were congenital anomalies of the G-U tract with/without UTI and metabolic disorders including hypercalciuria/hypercalcemia. For the management of stones, minimally invasive procedures should be chosen on the basis of accompanying symptoms and the composition, locations and etiology of stones.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.71-74
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• 2006

We analyzed retrospectively our experience to evaluate an effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for renal stone with infundibular stenosis. From January 2002 to August 2005, 35 patients with renal stone with infundibular stenosis were treated with ESWL. The diagnosis of infundibular stenosis was made by intraveneous pyelography or retrograde pyelography. The final follow-up check was performed by simple abdominal film or computed tomography and interview after 6 months to 24 months (mean 10 months). 7(20.0%) of 35 patients was freed completely, but Stone free rate including less than 2 mm size was 80%(28/35). 30(85.7%) patients became asymptomatic, 4(11.4%) patients were continued, and 1(2.9%) patient was required the percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. Although ESWL has a low complete stone free rate, We suggest that renal stone with infundibular stenosis should be treated with ESWL, because that is likely to produce a high symptom free and low complications.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

Purpose: Renal stones are common and typically arise within the collecting system. The renal sinus are contains the collection system, the renal vessels, lymphatcs, fat, and fibrous tissue. Because of the compression of all the large echoes in signal processing, the echo from the renal stone generally cannot be distinguished from large echoes emanating from normal structures of the renal sinus. Use of ultrasonography has been difficult for detecting small renal stone without posterior shadowing and chemical composition of stone. The aim of study was measuring for posterior acoustic shadowing to a stone for various scan parameter and it examines a help in renal stone diagnosis. Material & Methods: The stone was place on sponge examined in a water bath with a 3.5MHz or 7.5MHz transducer(LOGIQ 400, USA). First, tested a variety of gain. Second, tested a variety of dynamic range. Third, tested a variety of focal zone. Fourth, measuring of the echo level for low and high frequency for depth. Results: 1) Average echo level was 98 for low total gain(10 dB) and was 142 for high total gain(40 dB). Posterior acoustic shadowing of renal stone was clear for low gain. 2) Average echo level was 129 for low dynamic range(42 dB) and was 101 for high dynamic range(72 dB). Posterior acoustic shadowing of renal stone was clear for high dynamic range. 3) When stone is in focal zone of transducer, definite posterior acoustic shadow is identified. 4) Stone was clear appeared for high frequency(7.5 MHz) than low frequency(3.5 MHz) and it is not distorted. Conclusion: The demonstration of an posterior acoustic shadow of renal stone dependents on several technical factors such as gain, dynamic range, focus, and frequency. This various factors are a help in renal stone diagnosis.