• Korean Security Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.139-162
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to compare with the general and behavioral characteristics between simple and serial arsonists using the data derived from Scientific Crime Analysis System, Criminal Filing Search System, and Crime Information Management System. The analysis and findings reported here are derived from data extracted from 160 arsonists arrested by police officer. The independent variables included such socio-economic characteristic as arsonists' gender, age, occupation, education level, and previous criminal records of arsonists, and finally the general characteristics of the scene of fire settings. The dependent variable is whether or not serial fire setter. To achieve the purpose, the analysis of frequencies and cross-tab were conducted. According to frequence and cross-tab analysis, there are great differences of the general and behavior characteristics between two groups. In the comparison of simple and serial arsonists, serial arsonists are more likely to have previous criminal records, low socio-economic status, unmarried and no cohabitants than simple arsonists. furthermore, serial arsonists are more likely to use garbage papers for fire setting in the scene of the crime, to have mental or psychological problems, and to get involved in fire setting for the psychological pleasure than simple arsonists do. The present research has some obvious limitations. First, the analysis is based only on arsonists arrested by police officers. These may be considerable differences in arsonists arrested by police officers and fire setters not arrested by them. Additional research is needed to assess the extent to which these findings would apply to fire setters not arrested by police officer in Korea. Secondly, the data in this study are cross-sectional and simple cross-tab analysis are used. Potential limitation of cross-sectional data concerns the inability to specify the changes in measures as arsonists behavioral characteristics. Therefore, further studies need to use longitudinal data and more complicate statistical techniques such as correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, or LISREL models to specify the casual relationships between dependent and independent variables for fire settings. Even if this study has some limitations, it is meaningful in which it first investigated the comparison of simple and serial arsonists focusing on the general and behavioral characteristics between two groups in Korea.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.124-134
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• 2011

Purpose : We have tried to search all concerning data on the policies of hepatitis B vaccination or surveillance of medical equipments that can transmit blood mediated diseases, including disposable syringe, in Republic of Korea, to propose references to other medical professionals. Methods : Data from domestic journals, government websites, computerized newspapers, etc. were reviewed. The data were arranged into four categories (governmental policies on hepatitis B control, hepatitis B mass immunization program in school, using process of hepatitis B vaccine, and policies on medical equipments surveillance, including disposable syringes, which is considered as source of blood mediated infection), and the periodic changes on each subjects in policies were reviewed. Results : Due to growing social concerns on hepatitis B in early 1980s, swift introduction and production of hepatitis B vaccine was made. After establishment of "5 year project for eradication of hepatitis B" in late 1983, number of vaccinated population jumped up to 6 million within 2 years (1984-85). However, since the immunization targets were mainly adult, not infant, this project was annulled in late 1985. Following this project, hepatitis B mass immunization program in school was carried out. In year 1995, hepatitis B vaccine was included in national immunization program. The use of disposable syringe was recommended from year 1980 but legislated in year 1985, finally. Conclusion : The mainstay in controlling hepatitis B in Republic of Korea was coordination of prompt introduction of vaccine, mass immunization, high vaccination coverage rate, or use of disposable syringes. However, since there is lack of official data available, it is urgent to arrange and computerize all government data related to infectious diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2013

Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prx 6) is a member of the thiol-specific antioxidant protein family, which may play a role in protection against oxidative stress and in regulating phospholipid turnover. The aim of this study was to determine whether a human Prx 6/Luc vector was stably expressed and responded to antioxidants in a lung cell line (NCI-H460). To achieve this, the luciferase signal, hPrx 6 mRNA expression, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in transfectants with a hPrx 6/Luc plasmid after treatment with four antioxidant extracts, including Korea white ginseng (KWG), Korea red ginseng (KRG), Liriope platyphylla (LP), and red Liriope platyphylla (RLP). First, the hPrx 6/Luc plasmid was successfully constructed with DNA fragments of human Prx 6 promoter, amplified by PCR using genomic DNA isolated from NCI-H460 cells, and cloned into the pTransLucent reporter vector. The orientation and sequencing of the hPrx 6/Luc plasmid were identified with restriction enzyme and automatic sequencing. A luciferase assay revealed significant enhancement of luciferase activity in the four treatment groups compared with a vehicle-treated group, although the ratio of the increase was different within each group. The KRG- and LP-treated groups showed higher activity than the KWG- and RLP-treated groups. Furthermore, the luciferase activity against RLP occurred roughly in a dose-dependent manner. However, the level of endogenous hPrx 6 mRNA did not change in any group treated with the four extracts. The SOD activity was in agreement with the luciferase activity. Therefore, these results indicate that the hPrx 6/Luc vector system may successfully express and respond to antioxidant compounds in NCI-H460 cells. The data also suggest that the Prx 6/Luc vector system may be effectively applied in screening the response of hPrx 6 to antioxidant compounds in transgenic mice.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.128-134
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• 2006

Antioxidant activities of methanol extracts from sarcocarp and seed of Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis Rehder were investigated in vitro. Contents of total polyphenols in methanol extracts from sarcocarp and seed were 98.83, $138.99\;{\mu}g/mg$, respectively. Radical-scavenging activities of methanol extracts were examined using ${\alpha},{\alpha}-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl$ and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals, and hydrogen peroxide assay. Inhibition effects of methanol extracts on peroxidation of linoleic acid were examined by ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid methods. Both sarcocarp and seed of Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis Rehder showed relatively high antioxidant activities in various systems.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.710-718
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• 2002

It is reported that Pueraria Radix contains phtoestrogens whereas flower, and bud of Pueraria lobata Ohwi were not known. In the present study, we determined the amount of phytoestrogen in each portion of P. lobata Ohwi and carried out therapeutic effects of osteoporosis. The amounts of genistein, daidzein, and formononetin in Pueraria Radix (PR), Pueraria Flos (PF), and young Pueratia Folium (PL) were quantitated using a HPLC system. Proliferation of osteoblast and growth inhibitory effect on osteoclast were measured in order to screen their effects on osteoporosis. Proliferation of osteoblast-like cells (Saos-2) was analyzed by both MTT methods and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays. Growth inhibitory effect on osteoclast was also detected as Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay. Ovariectomized rat as an in vivo animal model was selected and administrations of PR were 1 g/kg/day (PR-1) and 5 g/kg/day (PR-5) for 9 weeks, respectively. Trabecular bone areas (TBAs) of tibia and lumbar were analyzed usibg histomorphological methods. Results show that PR contains the highest level of daidzein ($10435{\pm}2143\;mg/kg$ of dried herb) and stimulated ALP activity, approximately 160% of the control. Growth inhibitory effect on osteoclast by both PR and daidzein were almost identical with control although $IC_{50}$ of genistein was $5.81{\times}10^{-7}$ M. Increases in body weight of OVX rats were suppressed by administration of PR but wet weights of uterus in PR-5 group were increased (p<0.05). Plasma ALP and HDL-cholesterol levels were decreased following ages (p<0.01), and LDL-cholesterol level was also decreased in PR-5 group at 20 week of age (p<0.01). TBAs of tibia and lumbar in PR-1 and PR-5 groups were higher than those of the control although the values were less than those of the sham group (each p<0.01) In conclusion, administrations of PR prevented loss of TBAs of tibia and lumber in OVX rats, while PL and PF did not (p<0.01).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1191-1197
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• 2000

In the preliminary study, we investigated the anti-complementary activities of 62 extracts from Korean edible seaweeds. Of those, Pachymeniopsis elliptica showed the highest anti-complementary activity. Therefore, it was purified as follows; i) PE-1 by ethanol precipitation, ii) PE-1-C by ultrafiltration, iii) PE-1-CIV by DEAE-Toyopearl 650C, and iv) PE-1-CIV-ii by Sepharose CL-6B. The purified compound, PE-1-CIV-ii, was the complexed homogeneous polysaccharide (molecular mass: 780 kDa) with 82.9% of anti-complementary activity. Also, it contained a significant amount of sulfate group (30.5%), which indicated it as a sulfated algal polysaccharide. Its structural monosaccharides were galactose (44.3%), 3,6-anhydrogalactose (34.0%), glucose (8.2%), fucose (5.4%), xylose (5.2%) and rhamnose (2.9%). After the treatment of periodate on a sample, a significant decrease in anti-complementary activity was found, which was a characteristic of bioactive polysaccharides. And-tumor activity of PE-1-A, B and C was tested in the sarcoma-180 solid tumor model. The PE-1-C with the largest molecular mass (more than 300 kDa) showed 81% of inhibition on the solid tumors, suggesting that the anti-complementary activity was, at least in part, related to anti-tumor activity. Based upon these results, the purified polysacchardes could be an immunopotentiator in vivo.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.438-448
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• 2017

This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis that evaluated the results of research on the pain reduction effects of lidocaine gel for urethral catheterization in adults. A literature search was conducted using seven electronic databases, gray literature and other resources based on the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). A Risk of Bias (RoB) tool was applied to assess the quality of selected studies. Data were analyzed using the RevMan 5.3.-program. Sixteen randomized controlled trials involving 1904 adults were included. RoB was not observed in the funnel plot. Overall, lidocaine gel was effective for pain reduction during urethral catheterization (Standard Mean Difference[SMD] -0.96;95% CI: -1.43, -0.49). To explore the cause of heterogeneity (I2=95%, p<.001), subgroup analysis was conducted according to three catheter types (urinary catheter, flexible cystoscopy, and rigid cystoscopy) and the SMDs were -0.88 (95% CI:-1.51, -0.26), -0.31 (95% CI:-0.63, 0.01), and -1.93 (95% CI:-2.88, -0.97), respectively. A significant pain reduction effect was observed regardless of gender in urinary catheterization. However, in rigid cystoscopy, a significant pain reduction effect was observed only in male subjects. Pain reduction effects were observed when 10~11ml lidocaine gel was used during rigid cystoscopy and when lubrication was used during urinary catheterization, irrespective of application time. These findings suggest that lidocaine gel is a useful anesthetic lubricant for urinary catheterization and rigid cystoscopy in male adults.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.2
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• pp.223-234
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• 2008

Recently the web service area provides the efficient integrated environment of the internal and external of corporation and enterprise that wants the introduction of it is increasing. Also the web service develops and the new business model appears, the domestic enterprise environment and e-business environment are changing caused by web service. The web service which provides the similar function increases, most the method which searches the suitable service in demand of the user is more considered seriously. When it needs to choose one among the similar web services, service consumer generally needs quality information of web service. The problem, however, is that the advertised QoS information of a web service is not always trustworthy. A service provider may publish inaccurate QoS information to attract more customers, or the published QoS information may be out of date. Allowing current customers to rate the QoS they receive from a web service, and making these ratings public, can provide new customers with valuable information on how to rank services. This paper suggests the agent-based quality broker architecture which helps to find a service providing the optimum quality that the consumer needs in a position of service consumer. It is able to solve problem which modify quality requirements of the consumer from providing the architecture it selects a web service to consumer dynamically. Namely, the consumer is able to search the service which provides the optimal quality criteria through UDDI browser which is connected in quality broker server. To quality criteria value decision of each service the user intervention is excluded the maximum. In the existing selection architecture, the objective evaluation was difficult in subjective class of service selecting of the consumer. But the proposal architecture is able to secure an objectivity with the quality criteria value decision where the agent monitors binding information in consumer location. Namely, it solves QoS information of service which provider does not provide with QoS information sharing which is caused by with feedback of consumer side agents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.921-929
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• 2004

Dietary intake of whole grains, vegetable and fruit is known to reduce the degenerative chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Antioxidative and antimutagenic effects of the ethanol extract of Korean Millet, Buckwheat, Sorghum and Job's tears were examined by inhibition against iron-induced linoleate per-oxidation, DPPH (1,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical generation and MDA-BSA (malondialdehyde-bovine serum albumin) conjugation, and Ames test using Salmonella. Buckwheat showed the strongest antioxidative effect in three different systems among these four grains, but it showed the lowest antimutagenic effect. Sorghum was the second to Buckwheat in iron-induced linoleate peroxidation inhibition activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity, and showed very good direct-antimutagenic effect in 2-Nitrofluorene treated Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and indirect-antimutagenic effect in 2-Anthramine treated Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100 with hepatic S9 mixture. Millet showed the strongest antimutagenic effect in Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA 100 with or without S9. Buckwheat contained the highest total flavonoids and polyphenols, 1.14 mg/g and 3.71 mg/g, respectively. Total flavonoid content in these four grains was negatively correlated with $IC_{50}$/ for DPPH radical scavenging antioxidative effect significantly (r=-0.9924, p=0.0076), but not with antimutagenic effect.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.210-225
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• 1995

The expression of $p62^{c-myc}$ and $p21^{ras}$ can be seen in many solid tumor, but the pattern and incidence of expression were different according to organ, countries, and examiners, thus it is not definitely defined. Total 67 colorectal carcinoma in paraffin sections are analysed by immunohistochemically for evaluation of the $p62^{c-myc}$ and $p21^{ras}$ expression according to the age, sex, chief complaints, location, differentiation, modified Dukes stage, using the specific monoclonal antibodies. The results were summarized as follows : The age of patients ranged from 32 years to 82 years. The mean age was 57.6 years. The expression of $p62^{c-myc}$ and $p21^{ras}$ was not correlated with age. Male was 29 cases(43.3%) and female was 38 cases(56.7%). The male to female ratio was 1:1.31. The expression of $p21^{ras}$ was increased in female(p<0.05). Abdominal pain(43.7%) was the most frequent chief complaint. The most frequent tumor location was rectum(44.8%). The expression of $p62^{c-myc}$ was increased in the rectum(p<0.05). The 65 cases(97.0%) out of 67 cases showed positive reaction of $p62^{c-myc}$ in the nucleus, cytoplasmic membrane, and cytoplasm. The 62 cases(92.5%) out of 67 cases showed positive reaction of $p21^{ras}$ in the cytoplasmic membrane and cytoplasm. The positive rate of $p62^{c-myc}$ and $p21^{ras}$ was 97.0% and 91.4% in well differentiated adenocarcinoma, 100.0% and 95.0% in moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, 90.0% and 90.0% in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, 100.0% and 100.0% in mucinous carcinoma. The positive rate of $p62^{c-myc}$ and $p21^{ras}$ was 94.1% and 88.2% in Dukes stage $B_1$, 96.0% and 96.0% in Dukes stage $B_2$, 100.0% and 100.0% in Dukes stage $C_1$, 100.0% and 88.9% in Dukes stage $C_2$, and 100.0% and 100.0% in Dukes stage D. The expression of $p62^{c-myc}$ in metastatic colorectal carcinoma showed diffuse and strongly positive reaction than primary colorectal carcinoma. The expression of $p21^{ras}$ in primary colorectal carcinoma showed diffuse and strongly positive reaction than metastatic colorectal carcinoma.