• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6915-6921
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• 2014

This study examined the composition and spatial characteristics of the Illinois Institute of Technology (1939-1959) campus by Mies van der Rohe. Studies of the Mies' architecture has been focused mostly on "universal space", structural rationality for a single building. Therefore, it is interesting to study an IIT campus through which Mies composed public space dealing with several buildings together. To determine the relationships with his previous works and the design intentions for IIT campus, this paper studied his preliminary sketches, perspective drawings etc.. By doing so, the paper presents the following conclusions. First, Mies composed the IIT campus with simple linear buildings as walls to create the "flowing space" through the campus. Secondly, the IIT campus could become the "neutral frame" integrating the campus with urban space. Third, Mies also created an open, continuous public space in the center of the campus that allows protective, quiet seclusion for the students.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.471-477
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop an mobile augmented reality for students to learn bar placing work, which is increasingly utilized in the construction field. In order to improve the understanding of the structural drawing, a structural drawing is used as a marker image, and an augmented reality is realized by superimposing a virtual 3D bar placing model that is placed according to the structural drawing on the screen. In addition to the 3D modeling, the contents are developed so as to help students to learn the interpretation method of 2D drawings, the development and splices of reinforcing steel, bar fabricating practice according to KCI structural concrete design code, and the process of bar placing. The results show that the augmented reality is positively evaluated in terms of interface style, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, attitude toward using, and intention to use. The augmented reality is worth to be introduced because it has advantages of visualization and interaction in terms of education.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.7 no.2 s.24
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• pp.115-124
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• 2007

The initial shape is arrived at by a self-formation process, which accomplishes a form in the natural world, or is determined analytically by considering the equilibrium of initial stress only. Therefore, the self-formation process, which accomplishes a form in the natural world is grasped and the types of modeling techniques available to find the shapes of soft structures are well investigated and classified. To establish a form-finding modeling techniques, the models of string, soap film, fabric, rubber, plaster, and etc. are used. These modeling techniques can be used as a method of understanding the characteristics of structures when the material of model shows similar characteristics. Generally, the model test confirms the structure based on numerical analysis, at the same time it is important preceding process to develop such a program. With the above process, the relationship between model test and numerical analysis becomes a feedback process. Therefore, in this study, two examples which have been accomplished from such a technique are investigated and considered according to modeling process.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.159-165
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the 'Scenery of the Modern City' revealed by Korean films of 1930 40s. It is assumed that films always reflect the cityscape and human activities of those days. For the analysis, a pool of 8 Korean films from 1934 till 1944 was constructed. In these films, the sceneries of the city were represented as the following: 1) The cityscape including modern buildings and speedy transportation was intentionally represented to express visually the city of Gyeongseong under the wave of modernization. 2) The western-style architectural spaces, such as apartment, mansion, department store, cafe, and hotel, were emphasized to reflect the curiosity and longing of the general public for western culture and lifestyle.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.160-173
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• 2012

일본 문화청 소속의 정부조직이었던 나라국립문화재연구소가 국가조직의 행정개혁에 따라 현재의 독립행정법인 나라문화재연구소로 변혁하면서 나타나고 있는 여러가지 상황에 대해서 살펴보고자 한다. 나분켄은 동아시아에서도 잘 알려진 국보 호류지금당벽화의 소실이 문화재 분야의 큰 문제로 부각되면서 종합적이고 학술적인 문화재의 연구 보호 종합기관의 설립 필요성에 의해 만들어진 기관이었다. 연구분야에서 보면 초기에는 역사, 건축, 미술공예, 정원, 유적 등 다양한 분야에서 출발했으나 나라지역의 헤이조큐 유적보존 문제가 주요 이슈로 떠오르면서 매장문화재의 발굴 중심으로 그 역할이 강화되는 변화를 겪에 되었다. 그러나 선사고고학이 아닌 역사고고학이 중심이었기 때문에 건축사나 정원사, 보존과학 등 서로 다른 학문이 융합하여 연구할 수 있는 강점이 강화되어 설립목적은 견지하면서 변모하였다. 독립행정법인으로의 변화는 1999년의 제145차 통상국회에서 "독립행정법인통칙법"이 성립되면서 부터였다. 독립행정법인의 취지는 독립 운영하는 쪽이 효율적인 부분을 분리시켜 법인격을 가진 기관으로 바꾸면서 운영교부금을 주무관청으로부터 받아 사용처를 독자적 재량에 맡기면서 이윤을 올릴 수도 있게 한 것이다. 또한 조직과 인사의 자율성을 보장받는 장점도 있으나 평가시스템이 되입되는 정신적 부담도 공존하게 된다. 즉, 민간 방법의 도입에 따라 국가의 부담을 경감하고자하는 의미가 내재되어있다. 나분켄의 독립행정법인화는 동시에 도쿄문화재연구소의 통합을 수반하게 되었다. 도분켄은 원래 미술공예품을 중심으로한 동산문화재 연구와 보존과학부분에 충실한 조직이었으므로 부동산문화재 중심의 나분켄과 통합에 우려의 목소리가 있었다. 그러나 불행중 다행으로 다카마쓰즈카 고분벽화의 열화문제와 키토라 고분 벽화의 보존문제로 인하여 전무후무한 협업연구가 진행되고 양 연구소의 역량을 결집할 수 있는 계기가 되었다. 결론적으로 말하자면, 독립행정법인화는 매년 예산을 중기계획이나 연도계획과 정합성을 유지하면서 독자적인 판단을 통해 편성하는 등 극히 유연한 대응이 가능하다는 장점을 가지고 있는 반면, 문화재 보존을 위한 연구라는 공공적인 목적을 가진 조직이 정부의 의도대로 독자적으로 이윤을 올리는 사업을 확립하여 국가의 부담을 경감하는 방향으로 나아갈 수 있는가라는 부분에서는 의심할 여지가 남아 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.527-535
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• 2020

This study analyzed main causes of claims in EPC/Turnkey projects. For this purpose, this study referred to the FIDIC silver book, which lists the international standard contract conditions for EPC/Turnkey projects. The most frequent cause of claim was delay. A process was then proposed to determine whether the owner or contractor was the responsible party when the delay claim occurred. The proposed process was for damages for delay which is the conditions of contract for indemnities against delay claim. The process was based on conditions of the contract of two previous EPC/Turnkey projects that were constructed in 2010, the FIDIC silver book, as well as the obligations of owner and contactors. The proposed process is applicable depending on the conditions of the contract and the owner's meaning. Furthermore, by identifying the responsible party, this study will contribute in identifying the possible claim types before concluding a contract and writing the specific contract.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.75-84
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• 2018

This study analyzed users' acceptance and intention to use in addition to needs and preferences of smart home technologies, and identified the differences in technology preference and acceptance by different factors. The subjects were residents in the 40s and 60s residing in the Seoul or suburbs of Seoul, and questionnaires were conducted in the 40s while interviews with questionnaires were conducted in the 60s. A total of 105 questionnaires were used as data, and frequency, mean, crossover, independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were performaed using SPSS23. The results of this study are as follows. First, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia were the most common diseases among respondents and if there was no discomfort, they would like to continue living in the homes of the current residence. Therefore, the direction of smart home development should support the daily living and health care so that residents can live a healthy life for a long time in their living space. Second, the technologies that residents most need were a control technology of residential environments and a monitoring technology of residents' health and physiological changes. The most preferred sensor types are motion sensors and speech recognition while video cameras have a very low preference. Third, technology anxiety was the most significant factor influencing intention to accept smart home technology. The greater the technology anxiety is, the weaker the acceptance of technology. Fourth, when applying smart residential technology in homes, various resident characteristics should be considered. Age and technology intimacy were the most influential variables, and accordingly there were differences in technology preference and acceptance. Therefore, a user-friendly smart home plan should be done in the consideration of the results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2022

In this study, to improve educational motivation and learning outcomes, a mobile app using game elements was developed, and the effect of its application in rebar work education was analyzed. Using the 4F(Figure out-Focus-Fun design-Finalize) process, which is a game development model, a mobile learning app for rebar work was developed that considers the characteristics of college students familiar with smartphone use, and the app was developed in a manner that utilizes game mechanics such as learning missions and points to stimulate a learner's interest and improve educational motivation. The results show that the proposed app for rebar work is positively evaluated in terms of interface style, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, attitude toward using, and intention to use. Therefore, it can be concluded that using the learning game app for rebar work in classes can contribute to improving a learner's performance in various aspects.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.3982-3987
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• 2010

`Sansinkak' is the building which contains the picture or statue of mountain god(=Sansin). It is also an expression of respect for the mountain god. This building is usually very small, so a few person can enter inside it. Because people pray to mountain god for personal purpose, sometime this wishes are exclusive and egoistic, so narrow space is more suitable. Sansin is not the original god of Buddhism, it is the god of folk belief of traditional Korea, so every Sansinkak is located in the back slope of the temples, away from Buddha's building, the center area. Sansinkak is not only the pathway of vital force from back mountains to the temple, but also the exit to the infinite nature as an extension of Buddhist belief.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.120-141
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• 2015

This paper is a preliminary study of architectural characteristics of Jangdae (general's podium), which shows one of the technical changes in fortification of Joseon Dynasty. As a facility for commands of generals and training for officers and men, it was located inside a fortress. Although it is not certain when the first Jangdae was built, the number of them dramatically increased around 18th century. Since the top priority function of the Jangdae was the prospect, it was installed at the hilly spot with open architecture. In addition, the open structure of Eupseong fortress towers on the riverside banks could simultaneously offer the functions as viewing around and Jangdae. Since Jangdae was also a place for military drills and reviews of soldiers, a wide podium was positioned at the front to muster the soldiers. This feature was standardized in the space organization of Jangdae in Joseon, and a mere podium was installed unless the topographic restrictions allows enough space. On the other hand, as a place for a commander, the hierarchy of the Jangdae was revealed through a variety of architectural characteristics. The hierarchy was assigned to the commander's space through the altitude difference, and diverse ornaments were added to show a sense of class. The floor plan of the Jangdae building can be largely categorized into rectangle and square, and the typical sizes of the former are $5{\times}4$ Kans (traditional measuring unit between two columns) and $3{\times}2$ Kans. Out of these two types, buildings of $5{\times}4$ Kans were found in flat land and eupseong fortresses with large space, and the relatively smaller ones of $3{\times}2$ Kans in mountain fortresses. All buildings of square floor plan had $3{\times}3$ Kans style, and the center Kan was twice wider than the side Kan to make the central space wide. It seems that the purpose was to secure the interior space of the upper story because the center Kan accounts for the floor area of the upper story. Some Jangdae's had internal story to form overhead space. The multi-roofed tower style with eaves attached to the upper and lower story is found exclusively in Jangdae. The buildings shows the Onkanmulim style which extends Naejinju (inner column) of the lower story to be the Byeonju (outer column) of the upper story, and the log-framed floor in the upper floor was structured by inserting the Changbang (connecting beam) between the Naejinju's and joining the log frames. In addition, the towers in eupseong fortresses had log-framed floor in the upper floor by setting up the high Nuhaju (column underneath a roof) and joining Cheongbang to the upper part of the column while it cannot be regarded as multi-roofed because only the upper part has a roof.