• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.3 s.120
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• pp.315-331
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• 2007

Some reverse fault lines are passing through the alluvial fans and west hill slope of Bulguksa mountains including Mt. Toham in the directions of N-S and NW-SE. The study area is known as relatively unstable, because of active faults. Assuming on the record of Samguksagi about earthquakes, the architects in the construction of the Bulguksa Temple should have recognized the possibility of breakdown from the earthquakes and the need for an unique structure against at that time. Against earthquakes, Grengee technique, a stonework construction technique following wooden one and use of Chuduseok(Dongtleseok or Chumchaseok) were applied for the construction of the Bulguksa Temple. By designing the foundation stone with hole, a structure is prevented from modification that pillars secede from a foundation stone in spite of horizontal load of earthquake while wood construction is strong frame at earthquake. The Bulguksa Temple is usually evaluated to be a beautiful architecture from the appearances like the weight balanced structure with unique decoration. Impressive architectures are beautiful in balance and harmony coming from the important and specific rolls in its own way by each part of whole structure. This beauty comes from the science.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.213-222
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• 2002

A transfer paper, is needed in the third firing, is usually utilized for industrial ceramics in order to produce tablewares or promoting products. Products may have the same form, however; the price might be different by what kinds of design have transferred. We need to fully understand these methods in order to create high value and quality. Remodeling, the so-called second architecture, results from social Needs for renovation of structures and changing functions. Tile satisfying the need for a custom-made design which fits the features of a space. Most importantly, the remodeler must make an individual design ordered for the customer with an emphasis on economy and time efficiency. Tiles currently in the market are mass-produced using an automated system with a high-priced mold. It is difficult to find tiles of distinct design that are made in a small quantity. We need to develop a method for making various kinds of tile designs that would be marketed for the remodeling industry. In this study, after designing a certain wall with the tiffs in the space, 1 will talk about developing a method to make transfer paper to produce individual tiles for the space. 1 hope that the functional and aesthetic effect on remodeling will gain in popularity, and that we will foster a new demand for tiles in harmony with the other materials mentioned in this study.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.46-59
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• 2023

Various Baekje ground-level building sites have been identified, in Pungnaptoseong Fortress, including Mirae Village's site E-1. However, building site E-1 is the only one with excavated roof tiles that are directly connected to the building site. As for building sites E-2, D-1, and D-2, which are comparable to site E-1, it is very possible that they had tiles on the roof based on their jeoksim (blocking facilities for roof slopes) and building structures. Also, although they are semi-underground pit structures, pit building sites A-30 and modern apartment site A-5, as well as the No.44 remains of Gyeongdang District, which is closer to a ground-level type, the buildings with tiles may have been constructed in the form of partial tile roofs rather than full-face tile roofs. Therefore, there may be several reasons behind the use of tiles on roofs in the early days, but the primary background of the building's authoritative function would have been considered first. Considering that China and Japan started using tiles on nationally important buildings such as palaces, temples, and ritual buildings, it may be presumed that Baekje began using tiles from the time it centralized power. It is believed that Baekje's early roof tile buildings evolved from rudimentary residential architecture to advanced public architecture, taking into consideration fire prevention and structural stability in large buildings. It is difficult to find similar cases in Korea with structural features such as the elevated foundations or underground stone foundations that can be found in Mirae Village building site E-1. Rather, similar architectural techniques can be found in China and Japan. In China, similar construction techniques were discovered in buildings of worship that were primarily built in the palace surroundings, such as Jangan Castle. Based on this, it appears that roof tile building sites, such as site E-1, that have been discovered have a strong correlation with the characteristics of buildings of worship, and ground type buildings, such as sites D-1 and D-2, are important facilities that are related to important public facilities such as state-run warehouses. This provides many implications regarding the early Baekje city structure.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.314-320
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• 2022

The function of reinforcing fibers used in building materials is to maintain resistance to bending loads and to function for cracking caused by drying shrinkage. High-density fiber-cement composites are mainly used for linear plates and are used to increase bending resistance. Therefore, tensile properties, bonding strength with cement hydrate, alkali resistance, and the like are required. Recently, as the non-combustible performance has been strengthened, a function to minimize the occurrence of sparks during high-temperature heating has been added. Therefore, the use of organic fibers is limited. In this study, a study was conducted to replace polypropylene used as reinforcing fiber with hemp fiber with excellent heat resistance. Hemp fibers have excellent heat resistance, good affinity with cement, and excellent alkali resistance. Based on the total volume of polypropylene fibers used in the existing formulation, the non-combustible performance was compared and evaluated by using hemp fibers instead of the polypropylene fibers, and basic physical properties such as flexural strength were tested. As a result of conducting a non-combustibility and physical property test using hemp fibers with a fiber length of 7 mm using 2 % and 3 % by weight, it was found that there is no remaining time of the flame, and the flexural strength can be secured at 95 % level of the existing polypropylene fiber.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.375-384
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• 2005

Three dimensional urban models are being increasingly applied for various purposes such as city planning, telecommunication cell planning, traffic analysis, environmental monitoring and disaster management. In recent years, technologies from CAD and GIS are being merged to find optimal solutions in three dimensional modeling of urban buildings. These solutions include modeling of the interior building space as well as its exterior shape visualization. Research and development effort in this area has been performed by scientists and engineers from Computer Graphics, CAD and GIS. Computer Graphics and CAD focussed on precise and efficient visualization, where as GIS emphasized on topology and spatial analysis. Complementary research effort is required for an effective model to serve both visualization and spatial analysis purposes. This study presents an efficient way of using the CAD plans included in the building register documents to reconstruct the internal space of buildings. Topological information was built in the geospatial database and merged with the geometric information of CAD plans. as well as other attributal data from the building register. The GIS network modeling method introduced in this study is expected to enable an effective 3 dimensional spatial analysis of building interior which is developing with increasing complexity and size.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.57-63
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• 2012

The modern trend for high-rise buildings makes the application of fire protection systems difficult and the current systems have a limitation to provide appropriate functions. Indoor hydrant systems are fire suppression systems installed in most buildings that require valves, hoses, and nozzles to be manually operated in the event of a fire. Therefore, high discharge pressure can cause difficulty in the operation of indoor fire hydrant systems and damage to hoses due to a high reaction force. To prevent these problems, the pressure is reduced and decompression valves are commonly installed at angle valves which are the discharge points of indoor hydrants. In the case of high-rise buildings, however, there are cases where stable operation is difficult even with the installation of decompression valves. To verify this, we have measured the decompression performance by the orifice diameter and calculated the reaction force. Results of the study showed that decompression valves need to be produced in different sizes to provide stable decompression where high pressure is required as in high-rise buildings.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.09a
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• pp.95-97
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• 2008

현대 산업에서 정밀기기와 정보기기의 사용이 증가되면서 전력품질의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 또한 건축물 뇌 보호 관련 규정이 KS C IEC 62305로 개정피면서 선택사항에 불과했던 내부 뇌 보호 시스템 서지보호기(SPD)의 설치가 의무화 되었다. 그런대 사용자들이 실제 이용하고 있는 서지보호기를 현장에 적용하였을 때 많은 문제점이 드러났다. 첫째, 서지보호기를 설치 후 제대로 작동 하는지 동작 상태를 파악할 수 없고 단지 낙뢰가 몇 번 유입되었는지의 카운터 기능의 시각적 판단만 가능하다. 또한 시간이 지나면서 서지보호기의 특성 변화 파악이 불가능하다. 설치 후 제 성능은 얼마나 발휘하는 가를 알 수 없고 LAMP에 의해 SPD의 소손 여부만을 판단할 수 있어 SPD의 교체시기를 알 수 없다. 이런 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 서지보호기에 유입되는 서지크기, 유입경로 및 횟수를 통한 서지의호소자의 성능에 대한 대책 마련을 가능케 하여 바람직한 서지보호 및 적용이 가능토록 하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.301-306
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• 2011

건축물의 다양한 설비는 내부 거주자의 안전, 쾌적, 위생 등 환경적 요구를 충족시켜주는 기능을 수행한다. 소방용 설비의 경우 화재발생시 인명과 재산피해를 최소화하기 위한 중요한 기능을 담당하며 평상시 자주 사용되지는 않지만 화재와 같은 사고 발생시엔 확실한 작동이 요구된다. 소방용 설비는 경년변화로 인한 기기의 성능저하 및 고장발생의 우려가 큼에도 그 특성으로 인해 고장 및 기기의 결함을 조기 발견하는 것이 어렵다. 이에 국내에서는 소방설비에 대한 점검 기준을 마련하여 이를 소방용 설비의 유지보수를 수행하고 있으나 형식적인 점검방법으로 인해 다음 점검주기까지의 성능보장이 불가능하다는 한계점을 가진다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해서는 공학적 근거에 의한 소방설비의 내구연한을 제시될 필요가 있어 국내에서도 현재까지 소방설비에 내구연한 산정에 관한 논의가 활발히 진행 중에 있으나 내구연한 산정방법과 기준에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 일본 공업회의 자주적인 대처로 산정된 소방용설비용 내구연한 사례를 분석 고찰하여 국내 소방설비 기기의 내구연한 및 교체시기 산정에 대한 기초연구를 진행하였다.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.2 s.30
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• pp.62-70
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• 2006

As buildings are changing variously from the side of use, efficiency and size, the construction qualities are more importantly recognized. Supervision system was enacted in the Residential Building Law in 1990 and responsibility supervision system in the Construction Engineering Management Law in 1994, respectively. However, recently revised supervision system in 2003 has some limitations: the present problems of appointing supervisor, disposing the supervisors, supervisor's works. Therefore, the aim of this study is to improve the present supervision system for mix-use residential building. By implementing the proposed revised supervision system, it will be able to expect quality improvement, confidence of the owner and the user, development of construction technology, and increase international competitiveness of supervision company.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.131-140
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• 2022

A smart window is a new building material that can realize energy savings in a building. Smart windows can freely adjust Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) and solar gain coefficient (g-value) according to the situation. Smart windows include such technologies as Electrochromic (EC), Suspended Particle Device (SPD), and Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC). Recent research on building energy savings through the VLT and g-value control functions of smart windows is being actively conducted and meaningful results are being drawn. However, since most of the research is focused on energy savings, research on the indoor environment is somewhat lacking. A building is a space where people live and the comfort of life should be prioritized before energy savings. Therefore, in this study, analysis on the daylight performance of an office space was carried out. Through green building standards such as LEED, BREEAM, CASBEE, and G-SEED, the daylight performance was reviewed according to VLT value changes of the smart window. In addition, a study was conducted on the VLT range of the electrochromic façade that can maintain a comfortable indoor environment. The smart window used electrochromic control with a wide range of VLT. The study showed that the minimum VLT of a smart window that can satisfy G-SEED is 25% or more. In addition, it was found that the VLT change of the electrochromic smart window did not significantly affect the uniformity of the room. When the LEED standard was applied, the minimum VLT value of the electrochromic smart window that must be maintained according to each orientation of the building was derived.