• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.29-44
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• 2019

This paper is to explore examples of complementary use of digital and physical models. The reason for this is to suggest a method for commercializing architectural design considering high technology. These cases are the practical and educational environment in which design processes based on digital computation technology are performed. Also, in this environment, analog design media (eg, physical models) still being used in the design process using digital computing. Indeed, in this environment, designers are exploiting digital and physical models to address the types of risks that can be discovered when designs are implemented and these risks. By analyzing these cases, we define the roles of digital and physical models to visualize and resolve risks. This paper focuses on one of method as "prototyping", which is used in the field of machinery and is a difficult method to carry out in the conventional design process. In particular, designers look for benefits that encourage designers in utilizing current digital computation technologies (eg, parametric design, simulation, building information models, and digital fabrication). Among the roles of the physical model, roles that can not be replaced by the digital model are explored. It is clear that this case-based study has difficulty in generalizing the design method. However, it helps the designers of today's practical and educational environment to verify and design the actual details of construction and operation when applying and developing unfamiliar materials and methods in the field of architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 2011

This study applied the Kalman Filter for real-time forecasting the G/R (ground rain gauge rainfall/radar rainfall) ratio to correct the mean field bias of the very-short-range-forecast (VSRF) rainfall. The MAPLE-forecasted rainfall was used as the VSRF rainfall, also the methodology for deciding the G/R ratio was improved by evaluating the change of G/R ratio characteristics depending on the threshold and accumulation time. This analysis was done for the inland, mountain, and coastal regions, separately, for their comparison. As the results, more stable G/R ratio could be estimated by applying the threshold and accumulation time, whose forecasting accuracy could also be secured. The accuracy of the corrected rainfall forecasting by the forecasted G/R ratio was the best in the inland region but the worst in the coastal region.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.149-158
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• 2020

The governing equation for a dome-type shallow spatial truss subjected to a transverse load is expressed in the form of the Duffing equation, and it can be derived by considering geometrical non-linearity. When this model under constant load exceeds the critical level, unstable behavior is appeared. This phenomenon changes sensitively as the number of free-nodes increases or depends on the imperfection of the system. When the load is a periodic function, more complex behavior and low critical levels can be expected. Thus, the dynamic unstable behavior and the change in the critical point of the 3-free-nodes space truss system were analyzed in this work. The 4-th order Runge-Kutta method was used in the system analysis, while the change in the frequency domain was analyzed through FFT. The sinusoidal wave and the beating wave were utilized as the periodic load function. This unstable situation was observed by the case when all nodes had same load vector as well as by the case that the load vector had slight difference. The results showed the critical buckling level of the periodic load was lower than that of the constant load. The value is greatly influenced by the period of the load, while a lower critical point was observed when it was closer to the natural frequency in the case of a linear system. The beating wave, which is attributed to the interference of the two frequencies, exhibits slightly more behavior than the sinusoidal wave. And the changing of critical level could be observed even with slight changes in the load vector.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2018

As the BIM designing technology has been applied recently in the construction field, architectural design education in the field of work and university has been changing to 3D modeling. Nevertheless, architectural design & drafting education in the construction specialized vocational high school is not responding appropriately to change. Despite the fact that students need to have 3D modeling design ability, there is a very lack of 3D housing design instructional material that can satisfy the change. The purpose of this study is to develop BIM-based 3D modeling instruction material and apply to analyze effect on interest and task performance ability on Housing Design. The 3D modeling instruction material used in this study was developed through four stages of preparation, development, implementation and evaluation according to the PDIE model procedure. Also, the experimental design model for hypothesis testing was used nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Based on the experimental design model, BIM-based 3D modeling instruction material was performed in the experimental group and 2D CAD-based standard instruction material was taught in the control group. Experimental treatment was conducted on the students of construction specialized vocatinonal high school, and applied to the subject of Professional Drafting in the 12 hours. Before and after the experimental treatment, the interest and task performance ability on Housing Design were tested. Based on the test results, we analyzed the effects of the 3D modeling instruction material through the independent samples t-test. The results of the study are as follows. First, BIM-based 3D modeling instruction material was developed of 'Housing Design & Drafting' unit on the subject of Professional Drafting in construction specialized vocational high school. Second, the application of 3D modeling instruction material has shown to be effective in improving students' interest. Third, the application of 3D modeling instruction material has shown to be effective in improving students' task performance ability on Housing Design.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2030-2037
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to suggest a model or method of needs analysis for designing syllabuses. As the learner-centered approach in teaching and learning methods becomes general, the learners' needs or wants should be reflected on the syllabus design. However, standardized scores in the previous research have disadvantages to be distorted in data interpretations because the difference between the maximum value and minimum value is so big compared to the Likert 5 scales. To solve this disadvantage, the Max-Min method is used in the needs analysis for the syllabus design. So, the differences are presented. Needs analyses need to be selected variously according to situations. Thus, further researches are needed to develop several new methods as well as the Max-Min method or the standardized score method for the whole needs analyses.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2014

In paper after the strong earthquake of recently the Korea neighborhood, the Korean government survey show that the 86% of school buildings in Korea are in potential damage risk and only 14% of them are designed as earthquake-resistance buildings. Earthquake Reinforcing projects of school have been a leading by the ministry of education, however their reinforcing methods done by not proved a engineering by experiment which results in uneconomical and uneffective rehabilitation for the future earthquake. An experimental and analytical study have been conducted for the shear reinforcing method of RC beam by axis and horizontal axis load using attaching composite beam. Based on the previous research, in this study, design examples are given to show the performance evaluation for the column reinforcing of old school buildings using nonlinear analysis is going to be conducted and strengthening method is going to be on the market after their performance is proved by the test.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.105-110
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• 2012

Recently, all of the world are facing with a serious environmental crisis of global warming due to excessive energy consumptions. The Korean Government, taking over 97% of dependence on foreign energy, has made various efforts on reducing energy and greenhouse gas emission under the motto of "Low-Carbon Green Growth". Since the building sector takes 24% of domestic energy consumption, many design standards and regulations on saving energy in new buildings have been established. However, applications of energy saving designs and techniques on the remodeling process at deteriorated buildings including educational ones have been lack. Under a situation where the number of deteriorated schools accounts for up to 50%, this paper evaluated the performances of factors for reducing energy at deteriorated middle school buildings through an energy simulation tool on a standard school model. As a result, among factors of insulation, window's SHGC, southern louver, indoor setup temperature, and system efficiency, all other factors except window's SHGC and southern louver proved contribute to reduce energy at deteriorated middle school buildings, compared with the baseline energy consumption.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.375-384
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• 2018

Due to the downturn in the local construction business, entry into the overseas markets has been regarded as one of the core tasks of the building sector and the government. Thus, entry into overseas markets, not only by large and middle-standing enterprises, but also by small and medium sized enterprises, has recently become a major construction policy. Therefore, this study identified and evaluated overseas construction support policies in the field of construction engineering, ranked them as the policies for developing market development funds, fostering and educating expert workers, and supporting the provision of information on winning orders. Through these policy assessment results, the study proposed improvement measures from the government and from the business side. As for the government viewpoint, a measure of providing information suited to engineers in design companies, project manager (PM), construction manager (CM), a measure of producing skillful workers through the expansion of education support policies, and the promotion of specialized overseas workforce in the construction engineering sector were proposed. In the construction engineering industry, this study suggested measures for securing global expert manpower, sharing performance of overseas construction market development project, strengthening construction project management capacity, and strengthening risk management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.79-86
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• 2004

The technical expert standing system of our const겨ction industry is operated by the Ministry of Labor subjective national technical qualification law, as the professional engineer, architect and architect-engineer and so on. The construction management(CM) which is introduced on middle 1990 activates a building industry the condition of the essential indispensability for is becoming, is not officially recognized with national qualification to be, that as pending issue it is most urgent, the specialty manpower positivity which is judged as the nostril poop]e for qualification of the civil CM educational institutions has the certification which is a each educational program and a separate way and it is the actual condition which is become accomplished. The problem when as international certification the CMAA which is only it secures a reliability certification which is a CCM and SAVE seeing in the certified which is a CVS, compares in the foreign nation and the CM certification is excessive, it does not secure a reliability and an efficient characteristic to give a confusion to the capital increase lattices which in a condition are, it is mass produced it is a point. It saw from, it observes the capital increase reserve problem point which is a domestic CM and the certification integration which is a report and system anger it leads and with national certified qualification it develops to present the improvement program for, it does to sleep.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.304-310
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• 2020

In order to apply a photocatalyst (TiO2) to various building materials, TiO2-mayenite was prepared in this study. The TiO2 was synthesized using the sol-gel method by fixing titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) and urea at a ratio of 1 : 1. Later, they were calcined in a temperature range of 400-700 ℃ to analyze the properties according to temperature. BET, TGA, and XRD were used to analyze the physical and chemical properties of TiO2. The nitrogen oxide removal test was confirmed by measuring the change in the concentration of NO for 1 h according to KS L ISO 22197-1. The prepared TiO2 samples exhibited an anatase crystal structure below 600 ℃, and TiO2 (urea)-400 showed the highest nitrogen oxide removal rate at 2.35 µmol h-1. TiO2-mayenite was prepared using two methods: spraying TiO2 dispersion solution (s/s) and sol-gel solution (g/s). Through BET and XRD analysis, it was found that 5-TiO2 (g/s) prepared by spraying a sol-gel solution has maintained its crystallinity even after heat treatment. Also, 5-TiO2 (g/s)-500 showed the highest removal rate of 0.55 µmol h-1 in the nitrogen oxide removal test. To prepare TiO2-mayenite, it was confirmed that mayenite should be blended with TiO2 in a sol-gel state to maintain the crystal structure and exhibit a high nitrogen oxide removal rate.