• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.805-810
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• 2002

Development of tenderizer using domestic fruits was studied. Kiwifruit was dried using various methods, and the quality of kiwifruit powder was observed during 12 week storage. Frozen kiwifruit was prepared in paste, dice, and whole flesh. After drying, paste-type kiwifruit showed 2.0 and 1.3 times higher proteolytic activity than dice and whole flesh kiwifruits, respectively. Nine hour of hot-air drying or 46 h of freeze-drying eliminated more than 90% of water from kiwifruit, during which discoloring of kiwifruit occurred. Freeze-dried powder showed 6.6 times higher yield and proteolytic activity, and resulted in almost no discolorization than those of air-dried powder. Addition of bulking agent affected the quality of hot air-dried kiwifruit powder, except color, resulting in $3.2{\sim}3.6$ times higher proteolytic activity than that without bulking agent, which is comparable to 60% of the initial freeze-dried powder content. Moisture content of kiwifruit powder with bulking agent sustained consistently during 12 week storage, whereas proteolytic activity decreased for the first 4 weeks. Freeze-drying is a preferable method to produce kiwifruit powder for tenderizer, although hot air-drying with bulking agent treatment is more economical.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 1999

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of chemical /mechanical treatments at mowing on the field drying rate and hay quality of rye (Secale cereale L.). The chemical drying agent/mower conditioner ($K_2CO_3$ 2%, conditioning, $K_2CO_3$ 2% + conditioning and control) were treated at different harvest stage (late boot, heading and bloom stage) for hastening hay-making in the spring of 1996. After field dry, square bales were made by hay baler, and the dry matter(DM) loss, visual estimation and nutritive value of rye hay were evaluated after storing two months. The field drying rate of rye was higher with delayed stage of harvest, and mechanical and chemical + mechanical treatment, but the effectiveness of chemical alone was very low. With mower conditioning, the duration of field dry was shortened by 1.5 to 2 days compared with control. The DM loss of rye hay was reduced by late harvest and mechanical, and chemical + mechanical combined treatment, but the efficiency by chemical alone was very low. The visual score (Ieafiness, green color, odor and softness) of hay after storing was high in mechanical and chemical + mechanical, but the score by chemical alone was very low. The nutritive value (ADF, NDF, digestibility, and relative feed value) of hay was also high with treatment of mechanical and chemical + mechanical, but the quality by chemical alone was similar compared with control. The quality of hay was very low when harvested at bloom stage. In conclusion, mower conditioning can enhance the field drying rate of rye, but the drying effectiveness of chemical drying agent was very low. The effect of chemical/mechanical combined treatment was very similar when compared with mechanical alone. Harvest at early heading to heading stage was recommended for high quality rye hay.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2001

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of chemical/mechanical treatments at mowing on the field drying rate and hay quality of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L., cv. Vernal) and spring oats(Avena satvia L., cv. Swan). The chemical drying agent of 2% $K_2CO_3$, mechanical mower conditioning, and no treatment(control) were treated for hastening hay-making in the spring of 1997. The forages were harvested at early bloom stage in alfalfa and heading stage in oats. After field dry, square bales were made by hay baler, and the dry matter(DM) loss, visual estimation and nutritive value of hay were evaluated after storing two months. The field drying rates of alfalfa and oats were high at mechanical treatment, but the drying effectiveness of chemical agents alone was very low. With mower conditioning, the duration of field dry was shortened by 1 day compared with control. therefore, mower conditioning enhance the field drying rate of alfalfa and oats. The DM loss of alfalfa and oats hay was reduced by mechanical treatment, but the efficiency by chemical alone was low. The visual score(leafiness, green color, odor and softness) of hay at mechanical treatment was slightly higher than that of chemical and control. The nutritive value(ADF, NDF, in vitro digestibility, and relative feed value) of hay was also high with treatment of mechanical, but those of chemical alone were similar compared with control. The nutritive value of hay after two months in both alfalfa and oats was decreased when compared with at harvest.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.247-253
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• 1982

This experiment was conducted to find out the optimum date for Combine harvesting of barley in the double cropping paddy field. By the consideration of moisture contents of grain, grain loss, rate of unhulled grain, and discoloring of external plant parts, the optimum date for harvesting was observed to be about 41 days after heading under natural condition. On the other hand, when desiccant was applied on the 34 days after heading, it could be shortened natural harvesting time for 3 days without any yield loss and grain qualities, too.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.323-328
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• 1998

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of chemical and mechanical treatment at mowing on the field drying rate and hay quality of autumn oat (Avena sativa L.). The chemical drying agent/mower conditioner ($K_2CO_3$ 2%, conditioning, $K_2CO_3$ 2% + conditioning and control) were treated at different harvest stages (late boot, heading and bloom stage) for hastening hay manufacture in the autumn of 1996. After field dry, square bales were made by hay baler, and the dry matter(DM) loss and visual estimation of oat hay were evaluated after storing two months. In general, the field drying rate of oat was slow, regardless of harvest stage. Mechanical and chemical + mechanical treatment were effective, but the effectiveness of chemical alone was very low. With mower conditioning, the duration of field dry was shortened by 2 days compared with control. The DM loss of hay was higher at boot stage(51.4%) than at heading stage (21.1%), and the DM loss was reduced by mechanical and chemical + mechanical combined treatment. The visual score (leafiness, green color, odor and softness) of hay after storing was high in mechanical and chemical + mechanical, but the score by chemical alone was very low. The nutritive value (ADF, NDF, digestibility, and relative feed value) of hay was also high with treatment of mechanical and chemical + mechanical, but the quality by chemical alone was similar compared with control. In conclusion, mower conditioning can enhance the field drying rate of autumn oat, but the drying efficiency of the chemical drying agent was very low. However, it is suggested that hay-making of oat in autumn is very hard though using mower conditioner.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.358-364
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• 2021

This study was conducted to select a desiccant and determine its concentration for safe usage to improve the harvesting efficiency of soybeans. Soybeans were treated with a desiccant (non-selective herbicide) before and after the maturation stage. The drying effect of the desiccant was higher at earlier treatment times than at the maturation stage, but the difference was not statistically significant. The higher efficacy might be related to the drying process of the leaves and stems, with most of the leaves and stems having already been dried by the time of hand harvesting. Desiccant treatments had no adverse effects on soybean yield, weight of 100 grains, seed quality, or seed germination rate compared with the untreated control. Pesticide residue analysis showed minimum residue concentration to be lower than the tolerance level of pesticide residues. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the desiccant was effective in drying soybean, and that there was no damage to the quality of soybean seeds. In addition to the drying effect, the dessicant treatment also facilitates the removal of weeds that interfere with the mechanical harvest and improves harvesting efficiency through the drying of the growth imbalanced individual. The desiccant treatment is expected to shorten the mechanical harvesting time by 1-2 weeks. It is thought that the selection of the proper cultivation period for other crops after soybean cultivation will be more advantageous.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.342-349
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• 1982

Filefish muscle in the form of thin plate $(5{\times}10{\times}0.4\;cm)$ was dried in a forced air dryer at $47.5^{\circ}C$ to study the relation between dehydration mechanism and water activity. The dryer was designed in such a way that the temperature, relative humidity and velocity of air could be controlled. The whole dehydration process of the filefish muscle was divided into two different drying rate periods, constant and falling rate period. During the constant drying rate period, the drying rate was proportional to the square root of air velocity under the conditions of constant temperature and relative humidity of air. The falling rate period was further divided into two different falling drying rate periods, first and second falling rate period. The first falling rate period was an unsaturated surface drying period caused by partial unsaturation of the drying surface with capillary condensed free water diffused from the internal part of the filefish muscle. At this stage he drying rate was mainly dependent on the relative humidity at constant air temperature, and case-hardening phenomenon started at the end of this stage. The moisture content and the water activity at which the second falling rate period started were not constant, because the drying rate of the first falling rate period was strongly dependent on the air humidity. The second falling rate period was again divided into two drying rate periods, former and latter period. The drying rates of both of these periods were independent on the external air humidity. During the former period of the second falling rate period, the dehydration was proceeded by diffusion and vaporization of capillary condensed free water in filefish muscle. The diffusion coefficient of water was $2.89{\times}10^{-10}m^2/sec\;at\;47.5^{\circ}C$. At this stage, the case-herdening continued until the water activity reduced to 0.7. The latter period of the second falling rate period started at the water activity of 0.45. The dedydration was proceeded by diffusion and vaporization of bound water, which adsorbed in multimolecular layers, through the hardened drying surface. The number of molecular layers was 4, and the diffusion coefficient of water during this stage was $4.38{\times}10^{-11}m^2/sec\;at\;47.5^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society Of Semiconductor Equipment Technology
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.168-172
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 평판 디스플레이 Photo공정 중에서 무회전 도포(Spinless Coating)방식으로 기판(Glass)에 감광제 약액을 도포한 후 용매(Solvent)를 제거시키기 위한 진공건조장치(Vacuum dryer)에서 감광제 도포막의 품질에 영향을 주지 않는 범위 안에서의 용매 제거시간을 단축하기 위한 진공챔버의 용적에 따른 진공포트의 크기 및 배치에 대한 최적화를 구현하였다. 구현된 챔버의 용적과 진공포트의 크기 및 배치를 바탕으로 진공건조장치를 챔버, 챔버 구동부, 기판 구동부, 진공펌프, 그리고 $N_2$ 공급부로 모듈화하여 구성하였으며. 실제 도포 기판을 이용하여 진공건조를 실시한 후 도포막을 검사함으로써 진공포트에 대한 최적화를 검증함과 동시에 진공건조 능력을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1980.05a
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• pp.37.2-38
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• 1980

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.397-399
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• 2008

흡착식 건조공정에서 가장 중요한 부분은 건조에 활용되는 용해제(Desiccant) 라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 국내에서 흡착식 건조기에 사용되는 대부분의 용해제는 수입에 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 흡착식 제습 설비의 제작 능력을 기초로 하여 용해제의 자체 개발을 통하여 안정적인 기술력의 확보로 국내에서 친 환경적이며 무동력으로 사용할 수 있는 용해성 흡습제에 관한 연구를 진행하고자 한다. 이를 위해 알칼리성 흡수제를 합성하기 위하여 KCl, NaCl 그리고 $CaCl_2$ 등의 물질을 질량비로 일정비율이 되도록 수용액에 용해시켜 교반속도가 유지되는 회분식 반응기에서 일정시간 동안 반응 시킨 후 일정온도 범위에서 일정시간동안 건조시켜 시료를 제조 하여 흡습제의 조습특성을 분석하였다.