• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4030-4037
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between oral dryness and stress and to collect baseline data for health promotion plan of college students. This research design is correlation study. Data of 835 were collected from May 2 to June 17, 2011, and analyzed using the SPSS PASW Statistics 18.0 Program. There was a statistical significant between oral dryness and perceived health status(p<.001). there were statistical significant in gender(p<.001), age(p<.001), grade(p<.01), major(p<.01), perceived health status(p<.001), exercise(p<.001), smoking(p<.001), drinking(p<.01) between general characteristics and stress. The mean score of oral dryness level was $12.89{\pm}10.15$ from 0 to 60 score range. Higher percentage in oral dryness action was "When I swallowing dry food, drink water or beverage"(48.7%). The mean score of stress was $7.17{\pm}4.78$ from 0 to 20 score range. Oral dryness level was positively related to stress(p<.01) and oral dryness action(p<.001). It is necessary to develop the educational program for health promotion of college students.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.386-392
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors related to xerostomia in patients with systemic diseases, and the results were analyzed through t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis. There were 62 respondents (56.9%) who reported dry mouth and the season of the most severe dry mouth was reported to be the highest during winter. According to the analysis made in the relationship of xerostomia with the awareness of general health and health behavior, the group that understood their own health poorly, had more than two kinds of diseases, and had been administered more than two kinds of daily medication showed higher xerostomia. Also, those who experienced desperation, had high dryness in other parts of the body, and heavy snoring were more aware of xerostomia (p<0.05). According to the analysis made in the relationship between xerostomia and awareness of oral health state, the group that understood their oral health poorly and had pain in the oral mucous membrane and halitosis was more aware of xerostomia (p<0.05). According to the analysis made in the relationship between quality of life and xerostomia, the group that showed high level of problem in daily living and stress and were self-conscious and felt tense due to halitosis reported more xerostomia (p<0.05). Finally, xerostomia was most correlated with consciousness of the eyes of others due to halitosis followed by the number of transferred systemic diseases and stress level. Based on such results, xerostomia was understood to be an obstacle in maintaining favorable social life and health. Since xerostomia was shown to be related to the number of transferred systemic diseases, the dental professions are asked to further improve their understanding not only on oral health but also systemic diseases. Therefore, these efforts are expected to prevent xerostomia and reduce various complications caused by xerostomia.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to compare the quality of semi-dried persimmon according to various drying methods and ripeness degree of persimmons. Most of persimmons were dried naturally there were much opportunities of contamination by impurities, microorganism and discoloration. There were need for developing various drying methods and knowing proper mature degree of persimmons in order to enhance the quality of semi-dried persimmons. Drying time of semi-dried persimmons by hot-air, far infrared ray and dehumid drying could be shorten approximately 11∼12 days, comparing with natural drying. And the loss ratio of natural drying and artifical drying were 7.0% and 0.0%. The moisture content of natural drying and dehumid drying were simillar and the hardness were very low in comparing other drying methods. Average pannel scores in semi-dried persimmons after drying showed that dehumid drying and natural drying were excellent in total prefernce ; 3.9 and 3.4, respectively. Unriped persimmons showed lower moisture content, color values and higher hardness than riped and overriped persimmons. The total preference of riped and overriped fruit were superior than unriped fruit.

• Journal of the Korea society of information convergence
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2012

This study was cosmetic contact lens wear for up to 2 weeks in for the evaluation of the insertion. In 1 week during weeks 1 and 2 has been rated 'positive' or 'insert' easy insertion and removal of lenses in the mirror when I saw the 'red eye' negative 'rating in 18 patients (45 %), in 2 shown in 14 patients (35%) as a 'negative' rating over time, depending on the awareness hyperemia has been reduced could see. Future lens purchases from doctors' Week 1 at the 2nd week, came as a result of the positive> negative evaluation was positive = negative. Rating, but usually more than 1 week, 2 weeks, 26 patients (65%) showed no change. State upon insertion of sight, wearing period increased dryness and showed a more positive assessment, the Comfort showed similar ratings. Somewhat negative assessment upon removal of vision status, comfort, dryness, day-to-day life at present, but in both state vision, comfort, dryness positive assessment appears worn than when a positive evaluation appears was unknown.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2005

Xerostomia is defined as a subjective complaint of dry mouth that may be perceived when there is insufficient mucosal wetting. However, the diagnosis and treatment of xerostomia is not that simple because of the fact that the subjective awareness of dry mouth is not always correlated with a diminution in the flow of saliva and there is always a difference between individuals in salivary flow rates needed for normal oral function. In the present study, the aim was to develop a questionnaire to evaluate the dry mouth symptoms and to analyze its reliability and usability as a diagnostic and analytic tool for xerostomia. The questionnaire which consists of 6 Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) type questions to evaluate the subjective oral dryness and 4 questions to evaluate behavior to avoid oral dryness was developed and administered twice with 1 week's interval to the healthy 88 young adults without dry mouth symptoms(44 males and 44 females; mean age was $25.6{\pm}3.1$ years in male and $24.3{\pm}2.1$ years in female). The results were as follows. 1 The intraclass correlation coefficients of 6 questions to evaluate the subjective oral dryness were as significantly high as 0.767 for the degree of oral dryness at other times of the day, 0.850 for the amount of saliva in the mouth, and 0.791 for the degree of effect on daily life due to oral dryness and as high as 0.563 for the degree of oral dryness at night or on awakening, 0.674 for the degree of oral dryness during eating, and 0.641 for the degree of difficulty in swallowing foods. 2. Cronbach's alpha value of 6 questions was 0.982. It can be concluded that the series of questions to evaluate the subjective oral dryness has high internal consistency. 3. Cohen's kappa values of 4 questions to evaluate behavior to relieve oral dryness were as significantly high as 0.850 for the frequency of keeping a glass of water at the bedside and as high as 0.506 the frequency of awakening during sleeping due to oral dryness, 0.419 for the frequency of sipping liquids to aid in eating dry foods, and 0.407 for the frequency of using a candy or chewing gum due to oral dryness. From the results, it can be concluded that the questionnaire consisting of 6 VAS type questions to evaluate the subjective oral dryness and 4 questions to evaluate behavior to relieve oral dryness has reliability of good to excellent level, and that the series of 6 VAS type questions has significantly high internal consistency to evaluate the subjective oral dryness.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.479-484
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• 2001

The absorption characteristics of persimmon powder related to different drying methods and various storage temperatures was investigated. The physical properties of persimmon powder by different drying methods displayed the largest amount of porosity in the freeze-dried sample, and the smallest in hot air dried sample. Equilibrium moisture was reached in 6 days. Monolayer moisture contents were predicted to 0.09687~0.19712(freeze drying), 0.07820~0.18617(vacuum drying) and 0.07715~0.18056(hot air drying) g H2O/g solid respectively using the BET equation. BET equation for isothermal absorption curve showed over 0.95 R-square for all dried methods. Monolayer moisture contents were increased as storage temperature was incremented because water molecular movement was more active and there was a greater chance to clash with the absorption surface area.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between physical properties of dried coacervate films and dry feel for shampoo composition. Simple shampoo compositions were made of two different cationic charge density polymers in the same surfactant compositions. The simple shampoo compositions were diluted with distilled water to make coacervate. Formed coacervate was collected by centrifuge (3,000 rpm, 30 min). Coacervate was coated on the glass plates and dried in drying oven (for 1 h, $50^{\circ}C$) to make the thin film. We carried out an experiment on measurement of contact angle, moisture loss ratio and SEM image analysis of the dried coacervate film. Dry feelings of the shampoos were evaluated by panel using hair tresses. Results show that the properties of dried coacervate films affect the dry feel of the after shampooing.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.381-388
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• 2012

Purpose: In this study, the changes in the shape of silicone hydrogel lenses, dryness of lens and objective/ subjective symptoms that could be induced by repeating dryness of lens and objective/subjective symptoms were investigated. Methods: After drying and rehydrating of silicone hydrogel lenses with different lens material and thickness for 4 times, their overall diameters and base curves were compared. Subjective symptoms, non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUTs) and blinking rate were evaluated after wearing dehydrated silicone hydrogel lens. Results: Overall diameter and base curve increased in all tested silicone hydrogel lenses by repeating dryness and rehydration. The degree of change in over all diameter and base curve were variable on the material. There were irregular change of lens parameters in thicker lens. When the subjects wore silicone hydrogel lenses after drying and rehydrating, their NIBUTs were decreased and blink rates were increased regardless of lens material or thickness. In addition, repetitive drying of silicone hydrogel lenses affected the lens fitting. Therefore, subjective symptoms such as itching, pain, irritation, foreign body sensation, dryness tended to be increased. Conclusions: The results obtained from the study may suggest to develop durable silicone hydrogel contact lenses against dry environment since the changes in parameters of silicone hydrogel lens and the subjective discomfort were observed after repetitive drying and rehydration.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1219-1223
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• 2019

The skin condition varies by the parts of the face. This study intended to visualize the facial skin based on the characteristics including moisture, sebum, dryness, amount of dead skin cells, and roughness by sectionalizing the facial skin into 9 areas. A total of 98 female in their 20~35s were selected, and the characteristics of skin by area were selected and listed in the order, and the area they felt each characteristic most strongly was analyzed with a weight and the result was visualized. The result showed that the area where they felt dryness the most was around the lips and eyes, and the area where the largest amount of dead skin cells and rough skin existed was the chin. There was a significant increase in moisture content (p <.05), and 90.5% of satisfaction with dryness was satisfied. The result of this study will be used as a basic data for the development of a cosmetic mask pack or a functional cosmetic product for each part.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 2009

The effects of drying methods (hot air, cold air, vacuum, and infrared drying) on physicochemical and organoleptic qualities of sliced-dried persimmons (Diospyros kaki Thumb. cv. Cheungdobansi) were investigated. The weight of the sliceddried persimmons ranged from 9.30 to 12.01 g, the length from 3.55 to 4.06 cm, the width and thickness were from 3.17 to 3.73 cm and 1.82 to 2.04 cm, respectively. Hot air drying resulted in the highest hardness value as well as Hunter's L, a, and b values. Infrared drying showed the lowest L value and vacuum drying revealed the lowest a and b values. Moisture contents of the sliced-dried persimmons ranged from 38.04 to 46.41%, and soluble solid contents were 42.96-$48.44^{\circ}Bx$. The phenolic compounds and DPPH radical scavenging activity were high for infrared and vacuum drying methods, and all the sliced-dried persimmons showed relatively high antioxidant activities. The sensory evaluation results indicated that the organoleptic scores for the overall preference were high in the order of vacuum > infrared > hot air > cold air drying. These results suggest that the drying methods affected the qualities of the sliced-dried persimmons, showing that vacuum drying is the mast effective among the methods tested for manufacturing the high-quality sliced-dried persimmons.