• 한국어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.29-34
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• 2017

챗봇 혹은 대화 시스템은 특정 질문이나 발화에 대해 적절한 응답을 해주는 시스템으로 자연어처리 분야에서 활발히 연구되고 있는 주제 중 하나이다. 최근에는 대화 모델 학습에 딥러닝 방식의 시퀀스-투-시퀀스 프레임워크가 많이 이용되고 있다. 하지만 해당 방식을 적용한 모델의 경우 학습 데이터에 나타나지 않은 다양한 형태의 질의문에 대해 응답을 잘 못해주는 문제가 있다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 디노이징 응답 생성 모델을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 다양한 형태의 노이즈가 임의로 가미된 질의문을 모델 학습 시에 경험시킴으로써 강건한 응답 생성이 가능한 모델을 얻을 수 있게 한다. 제안하는 방법의 우수성을 보이기 위해 9만 건의 질의-응답 쌍으로 구성된 한국어 대화 데이터에 대해 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 제안하는 방법이 비교 모델에 비해 정량 평가인 ROUGE 점수와 사람이 직접 평가한 정성 평가 모두에서 더 우수한 결과를 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.11a
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• pp.32-33
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• 1995

고집적 회로 제작에 사용되는 P-형 실리콘 웨이퍼 내부에 존재하는 금속불순물을 소수캐리어의 여기변화 등을 이용하는 정성적인 SPV 측정과 정량적인 DLTS 측정을 통해서 비교, 분석하였다. 반도체공정상 중요한 오염원이며, 분석이 쉬운 Fe을 주 오염원으로 하여 분석한 결과 SPV와 DLTS에 의한 Fe는 상호연관관계가 성립하며, p-형 실리콘 웨이퍼내의 Fe, FeB 거동을 20$0^{\circ}C$ quenching으로 관찰할 수 있었으며, 각각의 에너지준위는 0.45 및 0.11eV 임을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.111-119
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• 1998

본 연구에서는선박의 조종운동 중 중요한 과제인 접안운동을 자동화하기 위하여 현대제어이론중의 하나인 인공신경망(Artifical Neural Network, 이하 ANN으로 함)에 의한제어를 수행하였다.잘 알려진 바와 같이 ANN은 어떤 시스템의 입출력간의 연결상황과 요소들 내부의 처리방법을 정의하여 시스템을 표현하는 방법이다. 구체적으로는 시스템의 입출력에 대한 모범적인 교사 데이터(Teaching data)를 준비하여 교사데이타와 실제 입출력간의 오차가 최소가 되도록 학습을 시키게 된다. 학습의 결과 ANN은 그 시스템의 비선형성을 충분히 표현할 수가있어, 접안운동과 같은 비선형성이 강한 조종운도에 적합할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.21-28
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• 1997

Along with the rapid growth of shipping and transportation , the size of a ship larger and larger. Low speed maneuverabililty of a full ship has been received a great deal of attention concerting about the navigation safety, especially in the harbour area of waterway. And, the iperation of the full ship in harbour area is one fo tehmost difficult technique. Usually highly experienced experts can make a suitable decision considering various propeller ,rudder actions and environmental conditions. The Artificial Neural Network is applied to the automatic berthing control of a ship. The teaching data are made by the berthing simulation of a ship on the computer. And, the layer neural network is used and the 'Error Back-Propagation Algorithm' is used to teach the neural network. Finally, it is shown that the berthing control is successfully done by the established neural network.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2017

This paper deals with the natural occurrence of total aflatoxins ($B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, and $G_2$) in commercial herbs for food and medicine. To monitor aflatoxins in commercial herbs for food and medicine not included in the specifications of Food Code, a total of 62 samples of 6 different herbs (Bombycis Corpus, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Menthae Herba, Nelumbinis Semen, Polygalae Radix, Zizyphi Semen) were collected from Yangnyeong market in Seoul, Korea. The samples were treated by the immunoaffinity column clean-up method and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with on-line post column photochemical derivatization (PHRED) and fluorescence detection (FLD). The analytical method for aflatoxins was validated by accuracy, precision and detection limits. The method showed recovery values in the 86.9~114.0% range and the values of percent coefficient of variaton (CV%) in the 0.9~9.8% range. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) in herb were ranged from 0.020 to $0.363{\mu}g/kg$ and from 0.059 to $1.101{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. Of 62 samples analyzed, 6 semens (the original form of 2 Nelumbinis Semen and 2 Zizyphi Semen, the powder of 1 Nelumbinis Semen and 1 Zizyphi Semen) were aflatoxin positive. Aflatoxins $B_1$ or $B_2$ were detected in all positive samples, and the presence of aflatoxins $G_1$ and $G_2$ were not detected. The amount of total aflatoxins ($B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, and $G_2$) in the powder and original form of Nelumbinis Semen and Zizyphi Semen were observed around $ND{\sim}21.8{\mu}g/kg$, which is not regulated presently in Korea. The 56 samples presented levels below the limits of detection and quantitation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6518-6526
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to obtain a complete picture of green catalytic technology developments. The data set for analysis was collected from the data from 4,172 patents, 28,726 technical papers and 548 Government R&D projects. The covering periods were 2001 to 2012 for patents and technical papers, whereas while that for the Government R&D projects were 2001 to 2011. The analysis methodologies consisted of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The patent for catalytic technology has been increasing, even though it was developed some time ago. The increase in patents for catalytic technology has been outstanding since 2008. As a result of the analysis of patents, fuel cell comprised 41.9%, followed by coal liquefaction 23.6%. The analysis of technical papers ranked fuel cell ranked 1st, followed by hydrogen. Fuel cells, hydrogen and coal liquefaction outperformed in green catalytic technological developments. As a result of this study, it was apparently concluded that the speed for the green economy from the fossil fuel-based economy has accelerated. Therefore it will be necessary to prepare for the early realization of a green energy-based economy on a variety of aspects as soon as possible.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2002

Purpose : Preliminary report of the technique and trial of double bundle PCL reconstruction using Achilles allograft. Materials and Methods : From May 1999 to July 2000, 8 cases of PCL insufficient patients were treated with Achilles allograft reconstruction using the double bundle and double femoral tunnel technique. The tibial tunnel was prepared anteromedially. All other combined injuries within the knees were treated accordingly. Minimal follow-up period was 1 year. The results was assessed from the point of function and stability using Lysholm knee score and KT-2000 arthrometer. Results : Up to present follow up. 8 patients showed good sign of recovery with no instability (translation less than 2 mm) except olio that has been grafted-ligament rupture. In addition, none showed any sign of infection nor ROM limitation. Two complications were seen, which one had grafted-bone fracture and the other grafted-ligament rupture. The former occurred during operation and the latter occurred due to improper protection. Conclusion : Presently the follow up period is too short to draw any conclusive opinion but it is essential to select healthy and well sterilized allografts fur successful outcome. Double femoral tunnel technique seems to be more physiologic in PCL reconstruction. With these prerequisites, it seems to be a good alternative to use Achilles allografts fur the reconstruction of PCL. However, a longer follow-up is needed.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.89-96
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• 2018

This study derived big issues in overseas construction through big data analysis. To derive big issues in overseas construction, candidate groups of big issues were identified through big data analysis targeting 53,759 issues including 39,436 issues from major portal sites, 10,387 issues from daily newspapers, and 336 issues in construction magazines from Oct. 1, 2016 to Sep. 30, 2017. The main results are as follows: First, the main issues of overseas construction for the past one year showed that markets were concentrated in Middle East Asia and most of them were low-price order plant projects, which revealed the limitations. Although orders of overseas construction were slightly upward in the first half of 2017 compared to previous year, overseas construction orders are still unstable due to uncertainties in the international affairs and drops in oil prices. Second, the interest topics based on the 8th core keywords of overseas construction among the overseas construction issues for the past one year showed that region (29.9%), corporation environment (22.0%), profitability (17.0%), organizations (15.1%), projects (5.2%), market environment (3.6%), policy and system (3.6%), and education (3.5%) in the order of interest. Third, 10 core issues that have expandability and persistence of discourse were extracted out of 30 issue candidates with regard to eight keywords. Based on the extracted issues, detailed analysis on each of the core issues in overseas construction and correlation analysis between 10 core issues were conducted.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.360-366
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• 2018

Purpose: This study operation of Joint inter-agency Chemical Emergency Preparedness Center and contribute to the reduction of chemical accidents that occur continuously. Method: The Joint inter-agency Chemical Emergency Preparedness Center functions and Chemical accident statistics data of the ('13~'17) were utilized. Results: The number of chemical accidents is decreasing from 113 in '15, 78 in '16, 87 in '17(latest five years 469 chemical accidents). The Joint inter-agency Chemical Emergency Preparedness Center is located in the industrial complex that handling a large amount of chemical, and performs functions such as prompt response, probation & investigation, accident prevention training, safety patrol. It is believed that it contributes to the decreasing of chemical accident by local control accident prevention function. Conclusion: Decreasing the safety management according to the Chemicals control act('15.1.1). The Joint inter-agency Chemical Emergency Preparedness Center('14.1 set up manage organization), which is operated as a mission to prepare respond to chemical accidents, plays a role.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.102-111
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• 2022

Termites are a group of social insects that are one of the primary causes of damage to wooden architectural heritage. Since termite damage impairs the authenticity and structural stability of cultural heritage, it is imperative to prevent it. This study examines the extent of termite damage to wooden architectural heritage as part of efforts to prevent termite damage to nationally designated wooden architectural heritage sites across the country. The extent of termite damage to each cultural heritage was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively and comparatively analyzed by region using the results of the "Investigation on Biological Damage to Wooden Architectural Heritages" conducted by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage from 2016 to 2019. It involved 362 nationally designated wooden architectural heritages(25 national treasures, 157 treasures, 180 national folklore cultural heritages) and 1,104 buildings. The results were as follows: termite detection dogs reacted at 317(87.6%) of the 362 wooden heritages, with visible termite damage observed in 185 cases(51.1%). Furthermore, termite damage was confirmed using one of two methods(detection dogs or visual inspection) in 324 cases(89.5%). Of the 1,104 buildings, termite detection dogs reacted at 668(60.5%), while 339(30.7%) showed visible termite damage. Employing one of the two methods, damage was confirmed in 702 buildings(63.6%). The country was categorized into nine regions(Seoul Metropolitan Area, Gangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, and Jeju) to examine the termite damage rate and the degree of damage to each cultural heritage according to location. Termite detection dogs reacted to more than 70% of the cultural heritage in all regions. Visible damage was minimal in the Seoul metropolitan area(32.1%) and Gangwon(21.4%) but severe in Chungnam(65.6%), Jeonnam(67.3%), and Gyeongnam(68.2%). By quantifying the degree of termite damage of each cultural heritage as a ratio of the absence of termite damage among the total absence, the average termite damage of the cultural heritage across the country was 9.2%. Regional variance analysis showed that the cultural heritage in Jeonbuk and Jeonnam showed a statistically significantly higher degree of termite damage than the cultural heritage in the Seoul metropolitan area, Chungbuk, and Gyeongbuk. This paper comprehensively analyzed termite damage to nationally designated wooden architectural heritage. The findings are expected to be valuable in establishing policies for the preservation and management of cultural heritage sites in the future.