• Title/Summary/Keyword: 건발효

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Physicochemical Properties and Nutritional Components of Fermented Black Jujube (발효 흑대추의 이화학적 특성 및 영양성분)

  • Hong, Ju-Yeon;Nam, Hak-Sik;Yoon, Kyung-Young;Shin, Seung-Ryeul
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.243-248
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    • 2012
  • The physicochemical properties and nutritional components of fermented black jujube (FBJ) were compared with those of dried jujube (DJ) to improve their utilization as food materials. The moisture contents and brix of the DJ and FBJ were 22.6% and 6.07 brix, and 10.36% and 7.23 brix, respectively. Their L values were 34.78 and 31.82, and the a and b values of DJ were higher than those of FBJ. DJ had a lower water activity level (0.75) than FBJ (0.45), but FBJ had a higher amount of reducing sugar and soluble protein than DJ. The major free sugars in the two types of jujube were fructose and glucose, and their potassium content was highest (about 90%) among minerals. Their unsaturated fatty acid contents were 51.0% and 59.83%, respectively, and the major fatty acids myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, and palmitoleic aid were detected in them.

Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Fermented Black Jujube (발효 흑대추 추출물의 항산화 효과)

  • Hong, Ju-Yeon;Nam, Hak-Sik;Yoon, Kyung Young;Shin, Seung-Ryeul
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.901-908
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to analyze the antioxidant activities of fermented black jujube and to compare these with those of dried jujube, for the development of functional materials. The antioxidative activities of dried jujube and fermented black jujube extracts were analyzed by electron-donating ability (EDA) using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide-dismutase-(SOD)-like activity by pyrogallol, nitrite-scavenging ability, and xanthin oxidase. The yield of the fermented black jujube extracts was higher than that of the dried jujube extracts, and that of the ethanol extracts was higher than that of the hot-water extracts. The total phenol contents of the hot-water extracts from fermented black jujube were higher. The EDA values of the hot-water and ethanol extracts from fermented black jujube and dried jujube increased with an increase in extract concentration, and were about 85% in a $1000{\mu}g/mL$ extract concentration. The SOD-like activity increased with an increase in extract concentration. The SOD-like activity of the hot-water extract from fermented black jujube was higher than that of the other extracts. The nitrite-scavenging ability at pH 1.2 of the hot-water extracts from dried jujube was higher than that of the other extracts. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of the hot-water and ethanol extracts from fermented black jujube were higher than those of the other extracts, and increased along with the concentrations of the extracts.

Comparison of Property Changes of Black Jujube and Zizyphus jujube Extracts during Lactic Acid Fermentation (흑대추와 일반 건조대추의 추출 및 유산발효과정 중 특성 변화)

  • Auh, Mi Sun;Kim, Yi Seul;Ahn, Seung Joon;Ahn, Jun Bae;Kim, Kwang Yup
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.41 no.10
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    • pp.1346-1355
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    • 2012
  • This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of black jujube and Zizyphus jujube extracts during lactic acid fermentation. Both extracts were fermented using Lactobacillus fermentum YL-3. As a result, viable cell number rapidly increased until 24 hours, after which it gradually decreased. Before lactic acid fermentation, the $IC_{50}$ of black jujube, which was 0.014 mg/mL, was lower than that of Zizyphus jujube. Further, black jujube showed stronger antioxidant activity (374.21 mg AA eq/g) than Zizyphus jujube. Contents of total polyphenolics in both extracts were 15.46 mg/g and 13.61 mg/g, respectively, whereas contents of total flavonoids were 374.21 ${\mu}g/g$ and 64.25 ${\mu}g/g$. After lactic acid fermentation, there was no significant increase in DPPH or ABTS free radical scavenging activity. Total polyphenolic content of Zizyphus jujube decreased to 12.39 mg/g upon fermentation, whereas flavonoid content significantly increased to 291.58 ${\mu}g/g$. Further, polyphenolic and flavonoid contents of black jujube increased from 15.46 mg/g to 17.46 mg/g and from 374.21 ${\mu}g/g$ to 1,135.29 ${\mu}g/g$, respectively. These results demonstrate that 9-Times Steamed and Dried increased functional components. Especially, lactic acid fermented black jujube showed remarkably high antioxidant activity. These results confirm the potential use of lactic acid fermented black jujube as a valuable resource for the development of functional foods.

Studies on the Production of Elderberry Wine (Elderberry Wine 제조(製造)에 관(關)하여)

  • No, Hong-Kyoon;Kim, Dong-Seok;Yu, Tai-Jong
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.242-253
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    • 1980
  • This experiment was carried out to evaluate the possibility of wine-making with Elderberry cultivated in Korea. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The Elderberry fruits were composed of 82.8% moisture, 0.82% crude fat, 3.73% crude protein and 0.83% crude ash. 2. The Elderberry juices were composed of 9.2% sugar, 0.62% total acidity (as tartaric acid), pH 4. 46 and the percentage juice extraction ratio from fruits was 61.4%. 3. In fermentation experiments carried out with two strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ellipsoideus showed better characteristics for wine-making than Saccharomyces cerevisiae montrachet. 4. In fermentation experiments carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ellipsoideus under different storage conditions, frozen fruits showed better characteristics for wine-making than dried fruits. 5. In fermentation experiments carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ellipsoideus under different pressing times, red wine and pink wine showed little difference. 6. The results of organic acid contents determined by gas chromatography showed that citric acid was the main acid for frozen fruit, and lactic acid for both dried fruit and wines. 7. Sensory evaluation showed that the wine pressed at the 3rd day had the best palatability but the wine fermented with the dried fruits had the worst among the tested.

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Monitoring of Pesticide Residues and Heavy Metals in Fermented Liquor in Ulsan (울산지역 유통 발효주의 잔류농약 및 중금속 실태조사)

  • Hee-Jung Kim;Kyoung-Jin Kim;Min-Kyung Kim;Geum-Bi Kim;Su-Hee Kim;Young-Kyung Jo;Ju-Eun Park;So-Yeon Jeong;Won-Dug Seo;Young-Sun Choi
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.250-259
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    • 2024
  • In this study, we investigated in pesticide residues and heavy metals in fermented liquor products (wine, beer, makgeolli). Targeted analysis of 400 pesticide residues in the sample was performed using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method, followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and LC-MS/MS. The contents of heavy metals (Pb, Cd) were determined by ICP-MS using the microwave method. The mercury was measured using a mercury analyzer. From the analysis of 150 cases, 102 (68.0%) cases of fermented liquor were detected, and 35 pesticide residues (including metalaxyl, mandipropamid, azoxystrobin, and fenhexamid) were detected among the 400 pesticide residues tested. Pb, Cd, and Hg were tested in 150 samples. Lead was detected in 73 samples (48.7%), cadmium in 9 samples (6.0%), and mercury in 36 samples (24.0%). Exposure assessment was conducted to determine the safety of the detected pesticide residues and heavy metals. According to this assessment, the pesticide residues and heavy metals showed very low %ADI values (less than 1%).

Quality Characteristic of Glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) Fermented by Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis를 이용하여 발효시킨 퉁퉁마디(Salicornia herbacea L.)의 품질 특성)

  • Park, In-Bae;Park, Jeong-Wook;Lee, Young-Jae;Shin, Gung-Won;Kim, Hae-Seop;Jo, Yeong-Cheol
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.38 no.7
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    • pp.902-908
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    • 2009
  • In this study, we investigated the quality of glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) fermented by Bacillus subtilis at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. We determined the changes in temperature, the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, carbohydrate, solid content, pH, Brix, salinity, free amino acid, Hunter's color value, electron donating ability (EDA) activities and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. The contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and carbohydrate after fermentation to mixing ratio of glasswort were $10.45{\sim}30.18%$, $11.69{\sim}19.26%$, $17.65{\sim}25.56%$ and $21.01{\sim}59.10%$ (dry basis), respectively. The solid content, pH, sugar and salinity of fermented glasswort were $39.56{\sim}52.25%$, $6.01{\sim}6.71$, $1.2{\sim}1.7$ Brix and $0.3{\sim}0.6%$, respectively. Total amino acid level of the fermented glasswort was $447.57{\sim}668.89\;mg$/100 g, and was the highest in glasswort mixed with rice bran at a ratio of 1 (w) : 1 (w). Moreover, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, alanine, valine, $\beta$-aminoisobutyric acid, lysine and arginine were the main free amino acids. EDA activities and ACE inhibition after fermentation were $46.66{\pm}1.21{\sim}50.87{\pm}1.84%$ and $96.77{\pm}1.23{\sim}97.56{\pm}1.23%$, respectively.

전통 고추장의 특허분석

  • Cha, Ok-Jin
    • 식품문화 한맛한얼
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    • v.1 no.4
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    • pp.33-36
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    • 2008
  • 고추장은 장에서 유래된 식품으로 콩 위주의 장류인 간장, 된장 및 청국장의 변화에 의해 만들어진 것으로 우리나라의 대표적인 발효식품이다. 우리나라의 고추장에 대한 분야에서 특허를 검색한 결과(검색어 : 고추장) 1,889건이 특허로 등재되어 있었고 디자인 부분에서는 126건, 상표 등록으로는 7,626건이 등록되어 있는 상태이다. 우리나라의 전통식품 연구 분야에 대한 관심이 증대하고 있지만 전통식품 역사에 비해 기수적인 실용특허부분이 상당히 부족한 상태이다. 몇 가지 독특한 고추장의 관련 특허 내용을 알아보는 것도 상품 및 응용 기술 연구에 많은 도움이 될 것 같다.

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Quality Properties of Fermented Gingers (발효생강의 품질 특성)

  • Chun, Yong-Gi;Chung, Ha-Yull
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.249-254
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    • 2011
  • Applying ginger to processed foods to improve health is limited due to its pungent odor. In this study, fermented gingers were prepared using lactic acid bacteria from dairy products or kimchi and their chemical and sensory properties were examined. Adding dried ginger or fermented gingers (GSt, GLa, GLm) to plain yogurt made them less tasty and lowered the overall acceptability of yogurt except GLp. For all fermented gingers including GLp, the characteristic flavors of the ginger decreased by fermentation so adding fermented ginger into yogurt did not affect its flavor significantly. Thus GLp would be expected to be a food ingredient instead of dried ginger without lowering organoleptic qualities. The content of 6-gingerol, a bioactive component in ginger, decreased in all fermented gingers. However, 6-shogaol, which increased in GSt, GLa, and GLm, was not detected in GLp.

Monitoring of Natural Preservative Levels in Food Products (가공식품 중 천연유래 보존료 함량에 대한 조사)

  • Park, Eun-Ryong;Lee, Sun-Kyu;Hwang, Hye-Shin;Mun, Chun-Sun;Gwak, In-Shin;Kim, Ok-Hee;Lee, Kwang-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.37 no.12
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    • pp.1640-1646
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    • 2008
  • In the current food sanitation regulation, food additives are under controlled by the Food Code. The naturally derived preservatives such as benzoic acid and propionic acid can be naturally carried over or produced as metabolites during manufacturing process such as fermentation. To monitor naturally formed benzoic acid and propionic acid levels, a total of 145 samples were classified into berries (prune, cranberry), functional foods (propolis liquid, ginseng product), vinegars (vinegar-based drink, vinegar beverage, vinegar), and salted and pickled products (olive, pickled cucumber, salted/pickled product) and analyzed by HPLC-PDA and GC-FID. From the results, benzoic acid and propionic acid were each detected and identified in 144 samples and 64 samples respectively. The amount of benzoic acid ranged from $4.1{\sim}478.4\;ppm$ in cranberry, from $49.7{\sim}491$ in propolis liquid, and from $2.5{\sim}10.2\;ppm$ in ginseng, and other tested samples contained very small quantity. Also, the amount of propionic acid ranged from $179.8{\sim}951.9\;ppm$ (av. 553.6 ppm) in vinegar (persimmon vinegar 100%), which was the highest level among fermented foods, from $13.7{\sim}247.0$ ppm in propolis liquid, from $2.0{\sim}180.7\;ppm$ in vinegar-based drink, and from $1.6{\sim}76.6\;ppm$ in olive. Vinegar beverage and pickled cucumber each showed 24 and 18 ppm of propionic acid; in contrast, propionic acid was not detected in prune, cranberry, ginseng, and picked/salted products.