• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2010.04a
• /
• pp.191-192
• /
• 2010

This study classify the every meshes in Busan metropolitan city, based on the building need. The number of the effective meshes is 3289, all of those meshes are databased with simplified 7 building needs. The area for residential, commercial, educational needs occupy 92.4 % among all the areas. To simplify the multiple variables, principal component analysis is performed before the cluster analysis. Ans as the result 5 classification are obtained.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.550-554
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 댐 붕괴시 발생하는 홍수파가 건물군으로 이루어진 가상의 도시지역을 관통하면서 이동될 경우 시간에 따라 변화되는 특성을 수치적으로 분석하였다. 분석에 적용된 수치모형은 2차원 유한체적법과 불연속 흐름을 모의하기 위해 시간과 공간상으로 1차 정확도를 가진 HLLC 기법을 적용한 모형이다. 본 연구에서 적용된 가상의 도시지역은 Soares-Frazao와 Zech(2008)에 의해 수행된 수리모형실험에 근거하여 세 가지 case에 대해 구성하였다. 첫 번째 case(Case 1)는 25개의 건물로 구성된 정방형의 도시지역이 흐름에 직각으로 배열되어 있는 경우이며, 두 번째와 세 번째 case는 각각 흐름에 대해 $22.5^{\circ}$(Case 2)와 $45^{\circ}$(Case 3)로 경사진 경우이다. 세 경우에 대해 시간에 따른 홍수파의 변화양상을 수치적으로 분석하였으며, 첫 번째와 두번째 case에 대해 모의된 수위변화결과를 수리모형실험결과와 비교하여 모형의 적용성을 검증하였다. 검증결과 수치모형을 통해 계산된 수위변화는 수리모형실험결과와 비교적 일치하는 결과를 얻었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 도시지역의 조도계수(Manning계수: 0.01,015,$0.025sm^{-1/3}$)와 비구조적 격자시스템을 구성하는 격자수(T1: 19759개 요소, T2: 193859)에 따른 홍수파의 변화양상을 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.321-321
• /
• 2011

최근 기상이변으로 인하여 예측이 어려운 게릴라성 집중호우 등의 증가로 재해 및 재난이 빈번하게 발생하고 있으며, 특히 도시지역에서의 홍수피해로 막대한 인명과 재산피해가 발생하고 있다. 도시지역내로 유입되는 홍수는 다양한 형태와 크기를 가지는 건물과 도로의 배치에 의해 크게 영향을 받으며, 매우 복잡한 흐름특성을 나타내는 것으로 알려져 있다. 도시지역이 조밀한 건물군으로 구성되어 있을 경우 홍수의 대부분은 도로와 교차점을 통해 흐르므로 도시지역 내에서 홍수로 인한 피해를 저감하기 위해서는 도로 교차로에서의 홍수파의 전파특성을 분석하는 것이 중요하다. 교차로는 세 개 또는 네 개의 도로가 대칭 또는 비대칭으로 연결되어 있으며, 일반적으로 교차로에서의 흐름은 유입되는 유량이 상대적으로 적고 도로의 경사가 비교적 완만한 경우 상류 특성을 나타내나 이와 반대일 경우에는 상류 및 사류가 공존하는 복잡한 수면형을 나타낸다. 본 연구에서는 도지지역 내 도로 교차점에서 유입경사 변화에 따른 도로 교차부에서의 흐름특성을 수치모의 결과와 수리실험 결과와 비교하였다. Case 1은 수로의 유입경사가 3%일 경우 도로 교차로에서 수위 및 흐름특성을 수치모의결과와 비교한 결과 조도계수가 0.0086일 경우 RMSE 값은 X축에서는 0.0023, Y축에서는 0.0042로 수로중심에서의 수심분포가 잘 일치 하였으며, 흐름특성 또한 수치모의결과와 잘 일치하는 경향을 보였다. Case 2에서는 검증결과를 바탕으로 유입경사가 3%와 5%일 경우 도로와 교차점에서의 흐름특성을 수치적 방법을 통해 분석하였으며, 유입경사가 변화함에 따른 수면흐름특성을 모의하였다.

• Solar Energy
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 1990

In the present analysis, a number of sun control devices are examined for their performance in promoting the interior visual environment. Two exemplary cases are introduced for their excellence in harnessing the concept of daylighting and passive concepts. Of these, the Johnson Controls branch office building in Salt Lake City manifests the effectiveness of light shelves and clerestory windows in implementing these concepts. Distinct optical characteristics are found for overhangs, light shelves, louvers, and blinds as they interfere with the path of sunlight. Substantial amount of energy could be saved if the fundamentals of these devices are truly understood in their application to residential and commercial buildings. Sustained efforts should be made in this regard by the builders, architects, energy consultants, and educators who make contributions in energy management.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.440-445
• /
• 2008

In this paper, new methodology is proposed to estimate the cooling load using areas of building group and predicted weather data. Only three parameters such as maximum, minimum temperature and building area are necessary to obtain hourly distribution of cooling load for the next day. The maximum and minimum temperature that are used for input parameters can be obtained from forecasted weather data. The areas of building group are used for setting several parameters that are used for estimate cooling loads. Benchmarking building(research building) is selected to validate the performance of the proposed method, and the estimated cooling loads in hourly bases are calculated and compared with the measured data for benchmarking building. The estimated results show fairly good agreement with the measured data for benchmarking building.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 1981

Phosphorus dynamics in terms of specific absorption rate, inflow and outflow rates. turnover rate, demand and supply, and utility index of a high yield Zea mays L. cv. Bokgyo field were evaluated using an analysis of successive production structures. The analysis was adopted for measuring quantitative changes in the population by stratified clip technique on every two weeks during the growing season. The seasonal trends of specific absorption rate (2. 4 mg P/g/day in maximum) and specific absorption efficiency (0. 03) closely correlated with that of relative growth rate of the population. The overall inflow and outflow of phosphorus was 3.41 g P/$m^2$/yr showing the maximum inflow of 2.99 g P/$m^2$/month in July. While the maximum phosphorus standing crop was 1.4 g P/$m^2$ showing the maximum turnover rate of 178% in late June. The accumulation of phosphorus along plant height declined monotonically in stems and roots but increased in foliage after heading. The proportions of the total annual demand of phosphorus were 24.4% for leaves, 22.5% for stems, 49.6% for fruits and 3.5% for roots. These demands were met with internal (18.2 %) and external (81.8 %) supplies. The seasonal highest phosphorus utility index was 1,091 in early June, while the average value was 655.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2014.05a
• /
• pp.162-163
• /
• 2014

Operation and maintenance stage consists the largest portion of project life cycle cost. Appropriate management and analysis of such stages have massive effect on the total project cost. The effective prediction of optimized repair period is one of main factors in ㅌ management. However, it has been analyzed that the prediction of appropriate repair period revealed limitations in reliability. Therefore, this study suggests a methodology of repair period prediction by dividing finished projects into similar groups with same properties to be compared with the target project using quantitative variables.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2013.05a
• /
• pp.416-417
• /
• 2013

마이크로 에너지 네트워크란 건물군 내 에너지 수요를 최소한의 비용으로 충족시키기 위하여 다양한 에너지원으로 구성되어 있는 네트워크이다. 본 논문에서는 마이크로 에너지 네트워크의 최적 운용을 위한 마이크로 에너지 네트워크 EMS (Energy Management System)의 핵심 기능을 구현하고, 이를 HILS (Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation) 시스템을 이용하여 추후 실제 마이크로 에너지 네트워크에 대한 적용 가능성을 검토하고자 한다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.45 no.1 s.142
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2006

Culex pipiens complex larvae were found at the septic tanks in Busan and Ulsan cities located in South-eastern area of Korean peninsula. The larvae were collected in 25, 35 and 75 septic tanks out of 3,527, 622 and 1,111 septic tanks which the breeding rates were averages of 0.7%, 5.6% and 6.8% in Busan from January to May, 2003; Busan from February to March, 2004; and Ulsan from January to April, 2005, respectively. The average numbers of the mosquitoes in the tanks were 38.8, 14.9 and 13.7 larvae/dip with a 355-ml dipper. The larval densities were from 25.4 larvae/dip in January to 43.7 larvae/dip in April. 2003 which were not significantly different between them. It was the first report to find mosquito breeding at septic tink in Republic of Korea. Culex pipiens larvae were found in 6 out of 379 septic tanks at complex buildings (over $2,000m^2$ in size) in Ulsan from June to September, 2005, having an average of 1.6% for mosquito breeding rate. The mosquito larvae were collected in 8 and 530 septic tanks out of 210 and 3,729 septic tanks at large (over 300 homes) and small apartments (below 300 homes) with 3.8% and 14.2% of the average breeding rates, respectively At the septic tanks of private houses for below 50 persons, 708 out of 7,178 septic tan had Cx. pipiens larvae and pupae with 9.9% of the average breeding rate. Total average of the mosquito breeding rate was 10.9% of the investigated septic tanks of residential buildings in Ulsan. The number of mosquito larvae in the septic tanks were 15 to 75 larvae/dip. The bent net sets of septic tanks prevented from mosquito breeding to the rate of 93.1%.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.248-262
• /
• 1987

This experiment was conducted to study plant characteristics and dry matter production of several rice varieties. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Culm length was gradually shortened as varieties were improved and showed significant decrease in Japonica X Indica hybrids. 2. Panicle length seems to be shortened as varieties changed from group I to group III. However, varieties in group IV had longer panicle length in spite of shortening tendency in other groups. 3. Leaf blade length was decreased as varieties improved, but leaf blade width was increased. 4. Panicle exertion showed significant decrease as varieties improved. 5. Number of panicles per square meter among Japonica varieties was gradually increased and similar to the number of spikelets per panicle. Number of spikelets on Indica X Japonica hybrids were higher than Japonica varieties, whereas 1,000 kernel weight was slightly decreased. 6. Dry weight of leaf sheath and culm, and leaf blade was highest at the time of heading and the weight of panicle showed significant increase between 10 and 20 days after heading. 7. The maximum crop growth ratios of leaf blade, stem and panicles were attadined at the stage of heading, booting and milking, respectively. 8. The distribution ratio of dry matter was higher in leaf blade than in stem at the tillering stage. At the heading stage, the distribution ratio of dry matter was higher in order of culm, leaf blade and panicle. At the maturing stage, the ratio was higher in order of panicle, stem and laf blade. 9. Correlation coefficients among grain yield, harvest index, and biological yield were all significant and they were positive.