• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2016

Domestic photovoltaic system for roof-top is installed towards the south at an angle of 20 to 35 degrees and the shape of PV array is divided into two kinds; a plane shape and a curved shape. This paper aims to understand an actual condition of PV facility and strengths and weaknesses of support structure production and installation and to consider the best PV surface shape by analyzing theoretical logics of these two surface shapes and architectural perspective-based realistic case studies. This study targeted 98 facilities including common houses, public institutions and education institutions. In common houses, all of 59 PV facilities have a plane surface. In public institutions, 7 of 15 PV facilities have a curved array surface and 8 PV facilities have a plane surface. In education institutions, also, 14 of 24 PV facilities have a plane array surface and 10 PV facilities have a curved surface. Most of 98 facilities have a flat roof supporting shape. However, it was found that the curved shape wasn't positive for PV generation due to the change of radial density and it was at least 10 % more expensive to produce its structure. Also, domestic general large single-plate PV facilities have problems of harmony with buildings and wind load. Therefore, it is considered that for fixed-type roof-top PV, a plane PV array shape is good for optimum generation and economic efficiency and a parallel array structure on the roof surface is favorable to wind load and snow load without being a hindrance to the building facade.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze and match future teaching-learning methods with learning-space types as customized not only by school grade or grade groups, but also by learning modality. As a result, the following six teaching-learning methods were identified as future teaching-learning methods: flipped learning, deeper learning, collaborative learning, learning through immersive virtual reality, playful learning, and learning through OER(Open Educational Resources). There were also six learning-space types that were identified: playing and discovering space, a making and placement space, a presentation and sharing space, a space for independent study, space as a stage, and space as content(See Tables 8 and 11). Learning-space types and future teaching-learning methods were matched with 22 different types of learning modalities based on the presented degree of utilization by school grade or grade groups(See Table 13).

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 2011

Precast culvert system is generally constructed with a series of process such as excavation, ground mitigation, placement of culverts, anti-leakage packing between adjacent culverts, post-tensioning for PS strands and backfilling. In this process inappropriate ground mitigation often causes differential settlement and, correspondingly, makes water-leakage to be occurred between adjacent boxes. This study was performed to understand the behavioral characteristics of recently proposed precast foundation plate to support precast culvert system through on-site pilot construction. The gap between two adjacent culverts, increment of earth pressure at the bottom of culvert, vertical settlement of top of the culverts were monitored using various sensors. The monitoring results showed that the proposed foundation plate provides better culvert system in the points of less gap development, earth pressure and settlement at the adjacent of two culverts.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.132-136
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• 2007

최근 지구온난화로 인한 이상기후의 영향으로 강우일수는 줄고 있으나 강수량은 예년과 비슷한 수준을 보이고 있다. 이로 인해 갈수기의 용수부족 현상은 더욱 심해지고. 장마철의 홍수피해와 게릴라성 집중호우로 인한 피해가 커지는 등 해가 갈수록 홍수 예경보의 중요성은 더욱 높아지고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 현재 홍수 예경보 체계는 몇 가지 문제를 가지고 있다. 기존 예경보 체계의 경우 한 번의 예측을 수행하기 위해 수반되는 전처리과정과 주계산과정을 거치는 동안 각 과정에서 발생한 오차들이 반복, 누적되어 최종 결과물(예측된 유출량) 속에 모두 포함된다. 또한 기존 체계에서는 유출모형을 적용하기 위해서 토양형. 피복상태 등에 관련된 매개변수들이 필요한데. 이러한 매개변수의 결정에 어려움이 있고. 불확실성을 갖고 있다. 본 연구에서는 불확실성을 적극적으로 인정하고 수학적으로 해석하려는 fuzzy 이론을 신경망 이론에 도입하여 홍수 예경보 시스템의 운영과정에서 발생하는 불확실성의 문제를 해결하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 ANFIS(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System)은 data driven model(자료에 기반을 둔 모형)의 하나로 다음과 같은 장점을 가진다. 우선 data driven model은 유역의 물리적, 지형적 특성을 고려하지 않고(매개변수설정에서 발생하는 문제 해결 가능), 입력자료와 출력자료만을 고려하여 구축되는 모형이므로, 유역의 물리적 자료나 지형 자료와 같은 방대한 양의 자료 수집이 필요 없고, 일단 모형이 구축되면 자료의 입력만으로도 신뢰성 높은 결과를 단시간 내에 효율적으로 획득할 수 있다. 그리고 유역 내의 상황이 변화하더라도, 이들의 영향을 고려하여 쉽게 모형을 갱신할 수 있다. 마지막으로 모형의 구축 과정이 물리적 모형에 비해 비교적 간편하다는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 ANFIS를 통해 탄천유역의 강수량 자료와 대곡교의 수위자료를 입력자료로 사용하여 대곡교의 수위를 예측하였다. 입력 자료는 시간차 계열의 강우량과 수위 자료를 사용하였으며 모형을 통하여 t+1, t+2, t+3 시간 후의 수위를 예측하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.229-232
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• 2003

A waste container, one of the key compartments in a multi-barrier system for a potential high level radioactive waste (HLW) repository in Korea ensures the mechanical stability against the lithostatic pressure of a deep geologic strata and the swelling pressure of the bentonite buffer. Also, it prohibits potential release of radionuclides for a certain period of time. before it is corroded by impurities. Even though the materials of a waste container is carefully chosen and all manufacturing processes are under heavy quality assurance, there might be a slight chance of intial defects in a waste container. Also, during the deposition of a waste container in a repository, there might be a chance of an incident affecting the integrity of a waste container. In this study, the FEP's and the scenarios over radiological impact of a potential initial waste container defect was developed. Then the total system performance assessment on this initial waste container failure (ICF) scenario was carried out by the MASCOT-K, one of the probabilistic safety assessment tools KAERI has developed. Results show that for the data set studied in this paper, the annual individual dose by the ICF scenario well meets the KINS regulation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2006

Two naturalized allien species are reported from Jeju Island: Papaver setigerium collected from the ground along the road in lowland Veronica serpyllifolia collected from the roadside and ranches on alt. 400-800 m. P. setigerium is similar to P. somniferum, but different from the latter by plant height of 30-70 cm, shorter discoid stigma than fruit in diameter, somewhat sparsely bristly on stems, leaves and calyxes. V. serpyllifolia is similar to V. tenella in morphology, but different from the latter by short plant height, petiolated leaves on lower stem and serrated leaf margins.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1738-1743
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• 2017

This paper presents an efficient image stitching method using preprocessing in order to generate a super resolution image. Two-dimensional (2D) scanners are consistently used in various areas but they have limitations such as paper sizes and materials. To overcome these problem with low-cost, an efficient imaging stitching method is proposed for producing a super resolution panorama image. To scan a very large sized paper using mobile phones, a simple portable cradle which fixes height is employed producing an input image set. To improve matching performance, a preprocessing method is introduced before searching correspondences. Then alpha blending is applied to an input image set to produce a super resolution panorama image. The proposed method is faster and easier than the existing method which is employed by Open CV. Experiment results show that the proposed method is three times faster and performs better than the existing method.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.679-687
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• 2013

Currently, we are living in the era of digital media that puts the technologies in front which is called digital. Based on the characteristic of 'de-materialistic', human senses have been extended more than ever and there is no exception on those influences. Even though the existence of media seriously brought the identity and value of the painting into a question after the emergence of analog photos, advent of digital photos are raising the wind of new paradigms and values creation more seriously than ever. Unlike analog photos of the past which go through chemical process, true nature of digital photo goes through the digital process which is represented by 0 and 1. This didn't bring the loss of the original, but rather brought the creation of the copy which excels the original through retouching and consequently, destroyed the traditional value which is referred as an original. Like this, digital photo image has aesthetics and value of existence which is differentiated from analog photo because it has essentially different structures and characteristics with analog photo.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2017

In this work, as a preliminary experimental works, which focuses on utilizing separated pastes from activated (or radioactive) concrete as solidifying agents for radioactive waste immobilization, were performed. It was found that density of hydrated cement paste, which was lower than that of ordinary portland cement, increased as temperature for heat treatment increased. Highest compressive strength was observed with the specimens that was heat treated at $600^{\circ}C$. However, heat treatment over $700^{\circ}C$ showed higher CaO content that caused higher heat of hydration after in contact with water, lows of workability, and lower strength. Based on experimental results, it is suggested that $600^{\circ}C$ heat treatment is more appropriate for waste cement paste to be used as a solidifying agent.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.240-245
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• 2007

It is important to treat cancer-related pain in cancer patients to ensure the life quality of the patient, as well as to improve their life span. It has been estimated that at least 5% of cancer patients have pain refractory to medical treatment. Therefore, the need for epidural or intrathecal analgesia with opioids and local anesthetics is indicated if systemic treatment has failed. Intrathecal catheter placement and implantation of the injection port for administration of opioids and local anesthetics may improve pain relief in patients who are unresponsive to epidural routes. Although intrathecal implantation has several complications, similar infection rates have been reported between intrathecal and epidural administration. In addition, intrathecal administration showed better outcomes, including improved pain control, lowered daily doses, and an improvement in the level of drowsiness experienced when compared to epidural administration. We report here a case in which a terminal cancer patient was treated using an intrathecal catheter and subcutaneous port. The patient had cancer-related pain that could not be controlled by epidural opioid administration. Based on the results presented here, we suggest that intrathecal implantation is a feasible long term pain management method for intractable cancer pain patients.