• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2019

We investigated the variation of morphological features, density, biomass and characteristics of reproductive shoot on Zostera marina. This species was monthly monitored and collected during a year in Tongyeong (from January 2016 to December 2016). Morphological features, biomass and density showed significantly seasonal variation (p<0.001). Dimensions of Z. marina were highest in spring and early summer but lowest in winter. Biomass and leaf density of Z. marina showed highest value in May (4,700.5 g w·wt m^-2) and June (858.0 leaves m^-2) respectively and lowest value in November (515.9 g w·wt m^-2 and 312.0 leaves m^-2). Reproductive shoot was monitored from April (13℃) to June (21℃) and grew up to ca. 200 cm. Spathe length, spadix weight, numbers and weight of fruit showed significantly different on monthly. None mature flowers were monitored in April but matured flowers, fruits were founded in May and seed releasing were occurred in June.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of live leech(hirudo medicinalis) therapy with oriental medication on the patient with regional rheumatoid arthritis. The patient had resistant to DMARDs so she was in the debilitating condition and suffered from edema, pain, stiffness of joint and purpura before live leech(hirudo medicinalis) therapy. Methods : The regional rheumatoid arthritis patient had edema, pain, stiffness of joint and purpura on right foot. We treated the patient with live leech(hirudo medicinalis) therapy and oriental medicine. Results : The symptoms of regional rheumatoid arthritis was improved through live leech(hirudo medicinalis) therapy and oriental medicine. The patient maintains her condition with oriental medicine treatment after stopped all DMARDs such as MTX(methotrexate) and NSAIDs. After this treatment the patient's walking difficulty has been improved. Conclusions : This study shows that live leech(hirudo medicinalis) therapy and oriental medicine can elevate the regional rheumatoid arthritis patient's quality of life with continuous health care and treatment for major problem. For more accurate studies, further studies would be needed with more cases.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.127-130
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• 2009

Purpose: In an amputated auricle, a microvascular anastomosis is the best treatment of choice. But, the neartotally amputated auricle which is connected by very narrow tissue pedicle to the head, can survive by simple attachment without a microvascular anastomosis owing to the rich vascular network through the superficial temporal artery and posterior auricular artery. In cases of venous congestion resulting from a lack of vein anastomosis, medical leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) can solve the problem. We are reporting the case of a 6-year-old boy who had a neartotally amputated auricle with successful results by simple closure and medical leech treatment without a microvascular anastomosis. Methods: A 6-year-old male patient had an left auricular injury by an escalator accident. The left auricle was neartotally amputated from the temporal head with connection only by very narrow skin and subcutaneous pedicle (about 1 cm in width) at the helical root of upper and anterior part of auricle. Marginal bleeding from the avulsed auricle was noted and the arterial blood was supplied from a branch of upper auricular branch of the superficial temporal artery. The auricle was repaired by simple closure including cartilage and skin without any vascular anastomosis. After simple closure, the auricle showed good circulation with pink color. But on the 2nd day after the operation, there was a venous congestion with severe swelling, which resulted in a purplish colored auricle. The venous congestion disappeared after using medical leeches by the 5th day after the operation. Results: The repaired auricle showed aesthetically and functionally satisfactory result with normal development at the 9 months follow-up check after the operation. Conclusion: In cases of neartotally amputated auricles of children or crushing injury in which microsurgery is difficult, we can try simple closure with the use of medical leeches in treating a of venous congestion for a successful result.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1563-1572
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• 2014

The autecology of the Zostera marina and Z. japonica was studied in populations growing in the same locality (Sagumi Bay, southwestern coast of Korea). Environmental factors and plant characteristics were examined monthly from August 2008 to September 2011. Along intertidal zone, Z. japonica (0.1-0.5 m above mean lower low water, MLLW) occurred above Z. marina (0.5-2.5 m MLLW). Tidal exposure at low tide during day was the highest in the spring and the lowest in the summer. Underwater Irradiance showed seasonal fluctuation that was the highest in spring and summer caused by tidal pattern. Strong seasonal patterns in water temperature appeared to control the seasonal variations in morphology, biomass and leaf growth. The seasonal pattern of Z. japonica resembled that of the Z. marina in morphological characteristics, above-and below-ground biomass, whereas it differed in shoot density and leaf elongation. Despite some similarities in seasonal growth patterns, the patterns of Z. japonica were lagged by 2 month of Z. marina. Seasonal variation in the above biomass of Z. marina was caused by changes in density and plant size, whereas that of Z. japonica was mainly caused by changes in shoot density. Zostera marina was more sensitive to high temperatures than Z. japonica, and the increasing water temperature during the summer became the factor that inhibits the growth of the Z. marina. Zostera Japonica, there is no clear change according to the amount of the light. It is because its habitat locates above that of Zostera marina so that the amount of the light that is necessary to growth is enough and in this condition, any preventing factor does not seem to work at all. Although underwater light getting into Zostera marina's habitat is very low level and there is no any hindrance to the survival of them, it prevents them from their productivity a bit.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.103-120
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• 2010

Objective : To review the trend of the study related to Leech therapy and to establish the hereafter direction for the study on Leech therapy. Methods : I reviewed and analyzed all the theses published in Domestic and Foreign research institution from 1990 to 2009. Results : The following results were obtained in this study. 1. Analyzed number of theses published, there was no significance per year. 2. Classified by theme of journal, journals related to surgery were most(41 journals, 75.92%) among 54 kinds. 3. Classified by theses by research method and thesis types, case report accounted for nearly twothirds (52 pieces, 68.42%) of all theses and consideration of document was next(9 pieces, 11.84%). 4. With the most case of venous congestion after plastic and reconstructive surgery(33 pieces, 63.46%), leech therapy was effective on illnesses such as haematoma, macroglossia, purpura, varicous vein, avulsion injury, neurovascular compression, diabetic neuropathy, penoscrotal oedema, buerger's disease, rheumatoid arthritis. 5. Two most appeared adverse effects were anemia and infection. Immediate blood transfusion was done for recovering anemia and prophylactic 3rd generation antibiotics to infection were emphasized in more than half of case reports. 6. All of consideration of documents was retrospective study of cases related leech therapy and 3 pieces of them emphasized prophyratic antibiotic treatment for preventing infection. 7. The study of clinical trail type started first in 2002 and osteoarthritis of knee and carpometacarpal joint were main target. As see above result, Leech therapy was effective cure and could be used in disease induced by venous congestion. And I think that it is necessary to perform additional study related to solution of problems about leech therapy and protocol for using in clinical practice.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2012

To study the difference in growth characteristics between intertidal and subtidal eelgrass Zostera marina populations, environmental factors and changes in tissue carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents in eelgrass from the lower intertidal and upper subtidal zones were surveyed monthly in the Seomjin Estuary from May 2003 to December 2004. Water temperatures, water column nutrient concentrations, sediment pore water, and ammonium and phosphate concentrations showed no significant differences between intertidal and subtidal zones. Sediment pore water nitrate+nitrite concentrations were slightly higher in the intertidal zone than in the subtidal zone. Average monthly exposure times in the intertidal and subtidal zones were $42.4{\pm}5.8h\;month^{-1}$ and $15.3{\pm}3.5h\;month^{-1}$, respectively. Eelgrass leaf N content decreased from March to August and increased from September to February in the subtidal zone, whereas these trends were not observed in the intertidal zone. Eelgrass rhizome C content increased from April to September and decreased from October to March in the subtidal zone, whereas those tendencies were not recorded in the intertidal zone. Eelgrass rhizome C:N ratios showed a strong reverse trend to leaf C:N ratios in the subtidal zone, but these tendencies were not observed in the intertidal zone. The effects of exposure appeared to cause no seasonal trend in eelgrass tissue C and N content or C:N ratios in the intertidal zone in the Seomjin Estuary.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2005

In the microsurgical era, replantation with microvascular anastomosis is considered as the most superior method in aspects of texture, color, shape in case of nose amputation. There are some reported cases of replantation in nose amputation historically, but most of them are composite graft cases rather than microvascular anastomosis. Only a few cases of successful nasal replantation with microvascular anastomosis have been reported due to the reason that the size of vessels is usually very small and identifying suitable vessels for anastomosis is difficult. Microanastomosis of artery and microanastomosis of vein are ideal in replantation, but identifying suitable veins is often difficult. Without venous anastomosis, resolving the venous congestion remains to be a problem. We can carry out arteriovenous shunt if we can find two arteries in amputee. However, the smaller the size of amputee is, the more difficult it is to find two arteries. Instead of arteriovenous shunt, we can try external venous drainage(frequently swab, pin-prick, stab incision, IV or local heparin injection, dropping, apply of heparin-soaked gauze, use of medical leech). Here, we present three cases of replantation with microscopical arterial anastomosis (one angular artery, two dorsal nasal arteries) and external venous drainage (stab incision, application of medical leech and heparin-soaked gauze) even though the size of amputee may be as small as $1.5{\times}1.0cm$. In all cases, surgical outcomes were excellent in cosmetic and functional aspects. This report describes successful replantation by microvasular anastomosis in case that suitable veins are not found.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1990

제주도내(濟州道內)의 담수어류(淡水魚類)에 기생하고 있는 기생충(寄生蟲)의 감염 실태를 조사하여 생물학적인 관점에서는 물론 이들 하천수(河川水)를 이용하여 양식(養殖)을 할 경우 예상될 수 있는 기생충의 감염을 예방하기 위한 기본 자료의 수집을 위하여 도내(道內) 21개 하천(河川) 및 저수지(貯水池)에 서식하는 담수(淡水) 및 기수어류(汽水魚類)를 대상으로 기생충(寄生蟲)의 감염 실태를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사(調査)된 어류 기생충 중에 원충류(原蟲類)가 가장 많아 섬모충류(纖毛蟲類)가 4종, 포자충류(胞子蟲類)가 3종, 편모충류(鞭毛蟲類)가 1종, 흡관충류(吸管蟲類)가 1종으로 나타났고 편형동물(編形動物)에 속하는 단생흡충류(單生吸蟲類)가 2종, 이생흡충류(二生吸蟲類) 등과 조충류(條蟲類), 선충류(線蟲類), 구두충류(鉤頭蟲類) 및 기생성갑각류(寄生性甲殼類) 외에 환형동물(環形動物) 중의 거머리가 1종 확인되었고, 수생균(水生菌)의 기생도 확인되었다. 기생충 중에 가장 높은 감염 빈도를 보인 것은 원충류인 Trichodina sp.로서 총 채집 어류 311 마리 중 18.3%의 감염율을 보였고 두번째가 선충류(線蟲類)로서 13.5%, 그 다음이 아가미 흡충(吸蟲)으로 4.8%였으며 구두충류(鉤頭蟲類), 이생흡충류(二生吸蟲類)의 순서로 각각 감염율은 4.2%, 2.6%였다. 16종의 어류중 망둑어과에 속하는 실망둑이 단일 어종으로는 가장 높은 기생충의 감염율을 보였고, 하천(河川) 및 저수지(貯水池) 등의 서식 수역 별 기생충 발현빈도(發現頻度)를 보면 옹포천에서 7종의 기생충이 서식하고 있어서 가장 빈도수(頻度數)가 높았으며 그 다음이 화북천, 하귀, 하도리의 기수역 및 고산 저수지로 5종류의 기생충이 서식하고 있었다. 기생충이 전혀 서식하지 않는 곳으로 알려진 것이 광령계곡, 도순천, 강정천 및 효돈천으로 채집 어류수가 각각 10마리, 15마리, 16마리 및 8마리였으나 기생충의 감염이 보이지 않았다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.83-96
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• 2011

본 연구는 2009년 5월부터 9월까지 경기도 수원시 당수동에 자연분해비닐을 피복한 논의 저서성대형무척추동물의 종류와 군집구조 영향을 파악하기 위해 조사하였다. 실험구는 5개로 왕우렁이농법(GF), 자연분해비닐+유기농법(NOF), 자연분해비닐+화학농업(NCF), 관행농법(CF), 무처리구(NF)를 설정하였다. 조사결과 저서성대형무척추동물의 종수와 개체수 각각 NOF>GF>NF>NCF>CF, NOF>NCF>CF>NF>GF순으로 나타났다. 우점도지수(DI)는 각 실험구에서 0.43~0.95로 나타났으며, 평균 우점도지수는 GF>NCF>NF=CF>NOF 순으로 각각 나타났다. 종다양도지수(H')는 0.49~2.93로 나타났으며, 평균 종다양도지수는 NOF>NF>GF>CF>NCF 순으로 각각 나타났다. 비닐 피복 후 시간이 경과함에 따라 저서생물은 조금씩 회복이 되어가는 경향이 있었으나, 거머리류와 수서딱정벌레류가 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 비닐피복에 의해 민감하게 반응한 분류군은 환형동물문과 연체동물문이었으며 피복 후 종수와 특히 개체수가 매우 떨어졌으며, 이후 종수는 회복되는 경향이 있었으나 개체수는 줄어들었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.407-414
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• 1999

농촌배수처리용 자연습지내의 생물상 및 유기물 제거효율을 조사하였다. 습지내에서 출현한 수생식물의 종조성은 13과 22종으로 나타났으며, 현존량이 가장 많은 종은 갈대로 약 35%, 고마리, 애기부들, 가막사리 및 돌피가 12~19%의 고른 분포를 보였으며, 나머지가 1%를 차지하였다. 습지 내에서 출현한 대형무척추동물은 복족강, 빈모강, 거머리강, 거미강, 갑각강, 곤충강이 조사되었으며, 그 중에서 곤충강이 7목 18과로 나타났다. 채집된 개체수로는 곤충류가 76%, 비곤충류가 24%로 곤충류의 개체수가 현저히 많았다. 이중 깔따구류(Chironomidae)는 58%를, 빈모류는 19%를 차지하였다. 조사된 곤충류의 과(family)수는 파리목에서 7과로 가장 많았다. 많은 모기와 깔따구의 유생이 발견된 것으로 보아 습지가 모기의 좋은 서식처를 제공하는 것으로 사료된다. 습지로 유입되는 유입수 BOD및 DOC 농도는 각각 1.8~13.4 mgO$_2$/l, 2.6~22.8mgC/1의 큰 변이 폭을 보였으며, 습지 내에서 수생식물에 의한 연순생산력은 3,350 kg dry wt./yr로 나타났다. 습지에 의한 BOD 제거효율은 약 50%로 나타났으나, DOC는 거의 제거되지 않았다. DOC의 제거효율이 낮은 이유는 습지내 수생식물의 고사체 분해에 의해 난분해성 DOC가 생성되기 때문인 것으로 사료된다.