• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 1999

Systematic distortions in perceived 3-D shape were obtained for elliptical and parabolic stereoscopic surfaces viewed at different distances under full and reduced cue conditions. In both conditions of Experiments 1 and 3, elliptical hemi-cylinders a appeared near veridical at the 45 cm viewing distances and flattened up to 74% of veridical at 135 cm. In Experiment 2, under full cue conditions, parabolic hemi-cylinders a appeared stretched to 118% of veridical at 45 cm, near veridical at 90 cm, and flattened to 85% of veridical at 135 cm. Under reduced cue conditions parabolas appeared flatter overall: veridical curvature was obtained at 45 cm viewing distance with flatness increasing to 68% of veridical at 135 cm. Results support a scaling explanation of perceived 3-D shape from disparity and rule out the alternative hypothesis that disparity curvature, an optical invariant, provides information for the direct perception of 3-D s shape.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.63-87
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• 2009

The conclusions shown by this study are as follows: Firstly, Despite the similarity of the objective distance caused by the geographic distance and cultural similarities. it is found that the psychic distance factor still exists. Secondly, a new affective factor of psychic distance has been noted. As to the shaping method, even though culture and psychic distance involve homeogenic factors, psychic distance is more complex in that it is affected not only by cultural changes but also by other affective factors. Culture is a very significant factor, which can have an effect on forming psychic distance, but it is short of being a measurement variable for measuring psychic distance. Thirdly, psychic distance can have a direct effect on customers' buying response. If it is just a belief shared among the people of a nation, it can't become an important notion.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2022

IThe perception of sub-second duration through the visual sensory system is affected by non-temporal characteristics (factors other than the duration of the stimulus). However, studies have shown that if distance information is abundant and size constancy maintained, the duration of the target is constantly perceived. The current study examined the relationship between size and time perception constancy in a three-dimensional environment with limited distance information. A device was constructed to limit the participants' bilateral and monocular cues. This prevented participants from maintaining size constancy, resulting in size illusions that could not accurately perceive physical size. In Experiment 1, the size of the physical stimulus of reference and test stimuli were the same at all viewing distances. The results suggest that, despite the same physical size, stimuli with close observations were perceived to be greater and lasted longer. In Experiment 2, the retinal size of the reference stimuli and test stimuli was controlled equally at all viewing distances. As a result, although the physical size of the stimuli increased as the observation increased, the perceived size of all the stimuli was the same. Therefore, the duration of the target was constantly perceived at all viewing distances. The results of this study demonstrate that even when distance information is limited, time perception is affected by the perceived size of the object. It also suggests that when rich distance information exists, the duration of the object can be constantly perceived even if the observation distance varies.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.91-102
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• 2018

Although accurate time perception is necessary to properly respond to the environment, it was discovered that non-temporal features also affect time perception. Previous studies have identified various factors that affect time perception, but there was no attempt to directly investigate the possible effects of the distance between participants and the stimuli on time perception. The current study examined the effects of viewing distance on time perception, by considering the retinal, physical, and perceived size of the stimuli. The viewing distance had no effect when either the physical size or the perceived size of the stimulus was the same. Viewing distance was found only to have an effect when the retinal size of the stimulus was the same. This effect might be a size effect rather than a distance effect because as the viewing distance increases the size should also increase to maintain the retinal size. These results imply that temporal perceptual constancy is preserved irrespective of the viewing distance, when distance information is not limited.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.202-204
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• 2006

에이전트는 각 분야에서 다양하게 정의되고 해석되어진다. 자율 에이전트는 인간의 의해 지배되어지는 캐릭터처럼 컴퓨터에 의해 제어된다. 또한 에이전트는 다양한 행동을 할 수 있고 다른 캐릭터들과 사회관계를 만들 수도 있다. 가상 환경에서 자율 에이전트는 센서를 통해서 외부 환경에 대한 정보를 지각하여 획득한 정보를 이용하여 추론 등의 방법을 통해 자율적으로 새로운 정보와 행동들을 생성한다. 그러나 이전의 연구에서는 동작 생성기에 의해 만들어진 움직임들의 통할만 이루어지는 에이전트였다. 또한 에이전트는 에이전트와 객체간의 거리에 따라 지각되어지는 정보는 같고, 거리에 따라 객체의 크기를 지각하여 구별 할 수 없다. 크기가 다른 객체들에 대해서 자율 에이전트는 같은 거리에서 지각하여 정보를 획득한다는 문제점 있다. 자율 에이전트는 크기가 큰 객체일 때는 먼 거리에서도, 지각 할 수 있다. 하지만 크기가 작은 객체들은 가까운 거리에서 지각 할 수 있다. 즉 크기가 다양한 객체를 자율 에이전트가 지각 할 수 있는 거리는 다르기 때문이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 자율 에이전트의 구조와 레벨을 이용한 방법을 제안한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.359-364
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• 2009

This study is which sees analyzes the distance perception of the tourist affects in tourist resort selection conduct and this leads and there is the goal provides a fundamental data to the marketing strategic establishment an area tourist resort activation. According to the research result residence of choice there was a difference to psychological distance perception, according to sex and occupation appeared with the fact that is difference to tourist resort selection conduct. The psychological distance perception while tourist resort selection acting was analyzed with the fact that affects in travel ability. The research which sees psychological distance perception affects with the scholastic questionable matter which analyzes the thing a practical questionable matter respects an area tourist resort marketing strategic establishment together in tourist resort selection conduct and provided new fundamental information.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.108-113
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• 2007

온라인 학습 환경을 효율적으로 구성하는 것은 학습자의 학습 성공을 촉진할 뿐만 아니라 학습과정의 이해에 절대적으로 필요한 일이다. 만일 학습자와 교수자가 효율적으로 교류하면 학습자가 느끼는 심리적 거리감은 상당히 최소화될 수 있을 것이다. 이 연구는 학습자들의 온라인 학습에서 교류적 거리의 구조 지각은 성별에 따라 달라지는가를 알아보고 온라인 환경에서의 수업만족도, 지속성, 학업성취도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 구조의 하위영역이 무엇인지를 밝혀 학습자들의 학습효과를 체계적으로 높일 수 있는 온라인 환경의 요소를 탐색하는데 있다. 설문을 통해 수집된 자료는 연구 목적에 따라 다양한 분석을 실시하였다. 이 연구 결과 학습자의 일반적 특성인 성별에 따른 교류적 거리의 구조 지각수준은 의의있는 차이가 없었다(p>.05). 교류적 거리의 구조 지각수준과 학습자가 지각하는 수업만족도간에 의의있는 상관이 있었으며, 학습자의 학습 지속성과도 통계적으로 의의있는 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 학업성취도와 교류적 거리의 구조 지각수준 간에는 유의의한 차이가 발견되지 않았다(p>.05). 교류적 거리의 구조 하위영역 중 수업만족도에 대한 영향력이 큰 하위영역은 과정 상호 작용이며, 학습 지속성에 대한 영향력이 큰 하위영역은 내용 구성요인으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.17-38
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• 2018

The purpose of present study was to examine whether the perceived distance is compressed to different extent according to the length of the tool in the object that is not reachable even when using the tool, and whether the perceived distance is compressed according to the tool length only in the object being pointed. In Experiment 1, we found by measuring the egocentric distance that the length of the tool causes the distance to the target to be closer to that of the object placed at a far distance. In Experiment 2, we found by measuring the egocentric distance that when the operated object and the non-operated object coexisted in the visual field, the length of the tool does not affect the distance perception to the non-pointed object. In Experiment 3, we found that the tool length affects only the distance perception of the operated object by measuring the exocentric distance which is the distance between the operated object and the target in the same environment as Experiment 2. The results of present experiment suggest that the compression of the perceived distance occurs at a distance that can not be reached by using the tool, and that the compression of the perceived distance is limited to the pointed object.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.181-196
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• 2023

Size, velocity, and time equivalence are mechanisms that allow us to perceive objects in three-dimensional space consistently, despite errors on the two-dimensional retinal image. These mechanisms work on common cues, suggesting that the perception of motion distance, motion speed, and motion time may share common processing. This can lead to the hypothesis that, despite the spatial nature of visual stimuli distorting temporal perception, the perception of motion speed and the perception of motion duration will tend to oppose each other, as observed for objects moving in the environment. To test this hypothesis, the present study measured perceived speed using Müller-Lyer illusion stimulus to determine the relationship between the time-perception consequences of motion stimuli observed in previous studies and the speed perception measured in the present study. Experiment 1 manipulated the perceived motion trajectory while controlling for the retinal motion trajectory, and Experiment 2 manipulated the retinal motion trajectory while controlling for the perceived motion trajectory. The result is that the speed of the inward stimulus, which is perceived to be shorter, is estimated to be higher than that of the outward stimulus, which is perceived to be longer than the actual distance traveled. Taken together with previous time perception findings, namely that time perception is expanded for outward stimuli and contracted for inward stimuli, this suggests that when the perceived trajectory of a stimulus manipulated by the Müller-Lyer illusion is controlled for, perceived speed decreases with increasing duration and increases with decreasing duration when the perceived distance of the stimulus is constant. This relationship suggests that the relationship between time and speed perceived by spatial cues corresponds to the properties of objects moving in the environment, i.e, an increase in time decreases speed and a decrease in time increases speed when distance remains the same.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.85-94
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• 2008

This study is to find strategies to promote distance learning effectiveness in the online learning environment. The research showed that the level of learner's perception of the structure of transactional distance was not significantly different according to sex (p>.05). There was significant correlation between the level of learner's perception of the structure and academic satisfaction(p<.01). And, the level of learner's perception of the structure and learning durability appeared to have statistically significant correlation. However there was no significant difference(p>.05) between academic achievement. Among the three subordinate factors, the course interaction organization had the most influence on the learner's academic satisfaction and the learner's learning durability was influenced the most by the content organization.