• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 1992

Late harvest in peanut has often resulted in reduced yield and dissipation of labor by virtue of increasing over-matured pods causing the pod shattering. Present study was conducted to obtain a basic information for deciding optimum harvest time of the peanut in Chungbuk province by examination of yield components at different harvest time of leading cultivars Saedl and Youngho cultivated with vinyl mulching or non-mulching conditions. Peg number and pod number were significantly increased by vinyl mulching and also significantly different by the harvest time. Pod number increased with the lapse of days after flowering was gradually decreased from 100 days after flowering in saedl and 110 days in Youngho. Number of seed-bearing pods and matured seed percent were significantly increased by vinyl mulching and had tendency to increase with the lapse of days after flowering. There was no significant difference in number of over-matured pods and pod shattering percent between vinyl mulching and non-mulching. They increased drastically in 110 days after flowering in Saedl, but in 120 days after flowering in Youngho, Increase in 100 seed weight by vinyl mulching was statistically nonsignificant in both varieties, however, total seed yield was significantly increased by vinyl mulching, showing maximum yield in 100 days after flowering in the variety Saedl and 110 days in Youngho, respectively, Seed yield was negatively correlated to peg number and positively correlated to pod number, seed-bearing pod number, pod shattering percent, matured seed percent and 100 seed weight, respectively.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to find out the effects of pinching on shoot growth, flowering and covering of Lonicera sempervirens growth in containers. 180 cm high pinching of plants increased shoot length compared to 60 cm low pinching and decreased lateral shoot numbers, but there was no difference in branch numbers by the pinching methods. Covering rates of the pergola were 85% with 60 cm low pinching, 74% with 120 cm middle pinching, and 62% with 180 cm high pinching. The pinched plants continued to flower from the middle of May to the middle of September. The first flowering time was in the middle of May in low pinching and in the early of June in middle and high pinching. The lower pinching height and the earlier pinching time induced earlier flowering time, and the peak flowering of pinched plants was in mid-August. To cover over 85% of the pergola screen with 3.0 m wide and 2.2 m high, two plants per 1 m needed to grow and to pinch at 60 cm height.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 1977

In order to determine ecological variations of flowering date and yields under the different seasonal cultures, and to select the higher yielding varieties which were adaptable to Korean climate, 100 mungbean cultivars were sown at the interval of 15 days from April 22 to July 21 in 1976. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The number of days required to flowering from seeding were decreased by delaying the seeding date. 2. When accumulated temperature at first flowering from seeding were reached $945-1,126^{\circ}C$, the mungbean cultivars started to flower regardless of seeding dates. Especially, when mungbean was planted around standard planting date, the plants flowered for very short duration. 3. There were highly significant correlations between the number of days from seeding to flowering at each seeding date and standard planting date. 4. Yields per plant were tend to decrease with the delay of seeding date but there were no significant difference between seeding dates. Therefore, it appears that mungbean can be planted for longer period of time compared to other crops such as rice and soybean. 5. Highly significant correlations were found between the number of days of first flowering and yields per plant at most seeding dates. 6. It may be feasible to grow high yielding mungbean cultivars such as CES 140, LM 2100, LM 690, L 576 and LM 689 after harvesting of spring vegetables in May and before planting of fall vegetables.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.161-181
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• 2018

This paper summarized the changes in elementary school mathematics education that took place at the national level during the Enlightenment Elementary Mathematics Education period from 1876 to 1910. For this purpose, we divided the enlightenment period into three periods and examined major changes related to elementary school mathematics education at each period. The necessity of arithmetic education began to be recognized before the reform of the Taoist reform, and arithmetic education became a national curriculum in the beginning of the Taoist reform period. Particularly, during the reforming period of the Gap, the elementary mathematics textbooks of mixed Korean and Chinese were published. In the period when the intervention of the Japanese imperialism began, the arithmetic education has been reduced or weakened in accordance with the education policy of 'simple' and 'use'. It is also remarkable that an arithmetic book for elementary teachers was published at this time.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of activated charcoal on growth and yield of medicinal plants in different degree of activated charcoal concentration. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Stem length was shown the longest in activated charcoal of 20%, but shorter in control. Also stem diameter was shown the thickest in activated charcoal of 20%, but thinner in control. Length and thickness of main root and thickness of main root were good in activated charcoal of 20%. Quality and yield of medicinal plants were the highest in activated charcoal of 20%. Therefore, optimum consistency of activated charcoal was 20%.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.446-453
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• 2013

Festivals using plant phenology is one of the examples can represent the ecosystem services. Changwon Jinhae Gunhangje is typical spring festival using cherry blossoms phenology. This research was done to define relationship between flowering of cherry blossoms and Gunhangje. Phenological data (Julian day) of cherry blossoms and visitor number of Gunhangje from 1987 to 2013 were collected. Differences of Phenological phase of cherry blossoms and duration of Gunhangje was analyzed. Trend analysis was performed to know changes of flowering and budding day of cherry blossoms. Correlations between visitor number of Gunhangje and environmental factors was defined by factor analysis and regression analysis. Results are showed that during the 26 years, periodicity of flowering and budding day was not identified or even identified it was not significant. Environmental factors effect on visitor numbers of Gunhangje were defined as temperature factor, day factor, and precipitation factor. Temperature factor was significantly correlated with visitor numbers of Gunhangje. Though Flowering day of cherry blossoms and festival duration was not matched, however, difference of visitor numbers was not showed. These results suggest that fixed duration of Gunhangje would be more effective to visitors than changing the festival duration following the phenological day changes of cherry blossoms.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.419-426
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• 1985

Two cowpea varieties, VITA #5 &Jungweon local var., had been sown at intervals of 15 days from May 1 to Aug. 29, and the following results were obtained. The earlier the two varieties had been sown, the shorter period from planting to first blooming and maturing, the more peduncles, the more pods per peduncle and plant, the heavier 100-grain weight, and the more grain yield we had. VITA #5 was earlier in maturity and higher in yielding performance than Jungweon local var., and both could not bloom in late sowing after Aug. 14. During the period of flowering and seed-setting, bad weather condition decreased the number of grains per pod. Limit sowing date of VITA #5 was Jun. 30 and that of Jungweon local var. was Jun. 15 in the middle part of Korea. Growing degree days (GDD) was available in cowpea.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.304-308
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• 2008

Lilium longiflorum 'Charm' as a $F_1$ hybrid cultivar was released by crossing inbred line '$L_2$-14' and '$L_2$-21' which were obtained from 5 self crosses originated from 'Nellie White', 'Ace' and 'Hinomoto'. The growth and flowering characteristics were evaluated in a greenhouse maintained at a minimum of $13^{\circ}C$ at night during winter in 2006 and 2007. The flower of 'Charm' is white color and horizontal-facing. The flower number of a plant and its diameter is 7.4 and 16.5 cm with 24.5 ornamental(flowering) days. The plant height is 60.3 cm with 70.3 number of leaves. The stem diameter and internode length is 1.2 cm and 1.1 cm, respectively, meaning the plant is compact and sturdy. And the number of seed per a capsule is 251.1. The results of these evaluation, therefore, suggest that seedling Lilium longiflorum 'Charm' can be used as a pot plant due to its short stems, many number of flowers per plant, long ornamental period, strong growth habit with many leaves and thick stem diameter.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 1999

This study was conducted to reveal the effect of some meterological factors on the weight of cone and seed per cone in Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis SIEB. et ZUCC.). The weight of cone and seed per cone for 7 years from 1992 to 1998 on 45(1992) year-old trees and some meterological factors for 9 years from 1990 to 1998 were surveyed in Hongcheon-Gun region, Gangweon-Do. Simple correlations and multiple regression between weight of cone and seed per cone and some meterological factors were analyzed. The results obtained from the above experiments were as follows: 1. Positive correlations were found between weight of cone and monthly mean temperature of February in flower bud differentiation year. number of annual hoarfrost days of the cone production year monthly mean temperature of may in the cone production year, as July respectively. There were negative correlations between weight of cone and monthly mean temperature of august in the flowering year, wind speed of April in the flower bud differentiation year, number of clear days of december in the flowering year, number of annual cloudy days of the flowering year, number of precipitation days of june in the flowering year, number of annual precipitation days of the flowering year, number of annual cloudy days of March in the cone production year. number of annual cloudy days from march to October in the flowering year as well as number of precipitation from march to october in the flowering year. 2. Positive correlation between weight of seed per cone and number of hours with sunshine duration of June in the flowering year, the percentage of sunshine duration of June in the flowering year, number of clear days of June in the flowering year. monthly mean temperature of may in the cone production year. as well as monthly mean temperature of July in the cone production year were found. Negative correlations were recognized between weight of seed per cone and monthly mean temperature of January in the flowering year, monthly mean temperature of august in the flowering year, wind speed of april in the flower bud differentiation year, number of annual cloudy days of the flowering year, number of precipitation days of June in the flowering year, number of annual cloudy days from March to October in the flowering year as well as number of precipitation from march to October in the flowering year.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.427-435
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• 2023

Changes in flowering time due to weather fluctuations impact plant growth and ecosystem dynamics. Accurate prediction of flowering timing is crucial for effective forest ecosystem management. This study uses a process-based model to predict flowering timing in 2023 for five major tree species in Korean forests. Models are developed based on nine years (2009-2017) of flowering data for Abeliophyllum distichum, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Rhododendron yedoense f. poukhanense, and Sorbus commixta, distributed across 28 regions in the country, including mountains. Weather data from the Automatic Mountain Meteorology Observation System (AMOS) and the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) are utilized as inputs for the models. The Single Triangle Degree Days (STDD) and Growing Degree Days (GDD) models, known for their superior performance, are employed to predict flowering dates. Daily temperature readings at a 1 km spatial resolution are obtained by merging AMOS and KMA data. To improve prediction accuracy nationwide, random forest machine learning is used to generate region-specific correction coefficients. Applying these coefficients results in minimal prediction errors, particularly for Abeliophyllum distichum, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Rhododendron schlippenbachii, with root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 1.2, 0.6, and 1.2 days, respectively. Model performance is evaluated using ten random sampling tests per species, selecting the model with the highest R². The models with applied correction coefficients achieve R² values ranging from 0.07 to 0.7, except for Sorbus commixta, and exhibit a final explanatory power of 0.75-0.9. This study provides valuable insights into seasonal changes in plant phenology, aiding in identifying honey harvesting seasons affected by abnormal weather conditions, such as those of Robinia pseudoacacia. Detailed information on flowering timing for various plant species and regions enhances understanding of the climate-plant phenology relationship.