• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.152-158
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• 2009

We performed RAPD analysis to investigate the inter-/intraspecific relationships and regional variations of Phragmites japonica and P. communis according to the environmental change. One hundred and fourty nine genetic effective polymorphic bands between 300 bp and 1,900 bp were marked from RAPD PCR with nine oligoprimers. From the RAPD analysis by Nei-Li's genetic distance, the dissimilarity indices among the populations of Phragmites japonica were relatively low from 0.012 to 0.061, and Phragmites communis were also low from 0.033 to 0.095. It showed the close genetic relationships among the same species populations, and both species were distinctly independent with relatively high level of dissimilarity indices (0.043 - 0.132). The obvious genetic markers to distinguish two species were confirmed and those profiles were suggested. From the UPGMA phenogram by RAPD analysis, both species showed the water environment related cluster patterns by distributional regions. RAPD analysis was useful to delimit two species taxonomically and to investigate the genetic relationships among inter-/intraspecific populations.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

A natural hybrid of interspecific between the Coreoleuciscus splendidus and C. aeruginos (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) was captured in the Hwang-ji Stream, a tributary of the Nakdong River basin in Korea. An interspecific hybrid between C. splendidus and C. aeruginos was genetically identified based on morphological characteristics and the sequence analysis of nuclear recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) gene (1,334 bp) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene (1,551 bp). As a result of morphological variations, the natural hybrid appeared to have an intermediate character between two parental species (C. splendidus and C. aeruginos) in three variations of black array (s) on dorsal, caudal and anal fin rays. Phylogenetic analysis inferred from RAG1 and CO1 sequence data revealed that Coreoleuciscus populations from Hwang-ji stream consist of two pure Coreoleuciscus species and a hybrid individual group. The individuals were clearly identified the cross and reciprocal hybrid by CO1 gene analysis. In RAG1 gene, 13 nucleotide variation loci were detected and the hybrid individuals displayed the double peaks of sequence chromatograms at the 9 diagnostic positions. In this study, molecular data and morphological variations were clearly demonstrated that hybridization did occur between C. splendidus and C. aeruginos. However, F2 hybrid generation and reproductive capacity of F1 hybrid individuals were not demonstrated.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.375-382
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• 2005

The American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana was imported from Japan for farming for the human consumption in 1970's and introduced populations were a great threat to native habitats in the pond and lake ecosystem. However, it is thought that the population of bullfrog has rapidly declined for past years in Korea. In this study, we investigated the intra-genetic diversity of R. catesbeiana habitated in Korea. The nucleotide sequences of 1,215bp mitochondrial ND1/tRNA region in bullfrogs sampled from 5 sites in Jeollanamdo were analyzed and compared to the original sequence of R. catesbeiara reported in Genbank. The nucleotide similarity between Korean and North American bullfrog was ranged from 98.7% to 100% based on kimura-2-parameter distance. In addition, bullfrogs analyzed in this study were clustered into two groups with one including Jangheung and the other including Gwangju populations in the neighbor-joining tree. North American R. catesbeiana was grouped in Jangheung cluster, indicating that there is the very low genetic difference between Korean and North American populations. The maximum parsimony tree in which North American R. catesbeiana was set as an outgroup suggests that Jangheung group represents the introduced population to Korea. Taken together, the results indicate that the population of R. catesbeiana in Korea has not segregated geographically yet, after the introduction.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2018

Previous studies to elucidate the etiology of cyclosporine(Cs)-induced gingival overgrowth in children have not completely excluded all factors that may cause differences among individuals. This study examined the effect of cyclosporine on the metabolism of type 1 collagen(CoL-I) in experimental models that controlled the effects of biological variations on individuals. Five 5-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered Cs by gastric feeding for 6 weeks. Gingival specimens were harvested from the mandibular posterior area before beginning Cs administration and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks thereafter. Gingival fibroblasts were cultured from all the 20 biopsies collected from the gingiva. Half of the fibroblasts collected prior to the Cs administration were designated as Control. The other half of the fibroblasts were treated with Cs in vitro and called in vitro test group(Tt). The fibroblasts collected 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the Cs administration were called in vivo test groups : T2, T4, T6, respectively. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to detect CoL-I in all the fibroblasts. CoL-I was analyzed at both the gene and protein expression levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Changes in CoL-I before and after Cs treatment were evaluated from the gingiva of each rat. There was no significant difference in gene expression of CoL-I in the control and test groups. CoL-I protein expression levels of fibroblasts increased in in vitro Cs treatment for each individual, and also increased in in vivo Cs treatment. In this study, the experimental method that control biological variations that can occur due to differences among individuals was useful. Subsequent studies on other factors besides CoL-I and in-depth studies in humans are needed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.153-166
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• 2004

Genus Taraxacum propagated through diploid sexual reproduction and polyploid agamospermy. The cluster analysis of Korean(2 species, 4 population), Japanese (2 species 4 taxa 6 population) and Taiwanese (1 species, 3 population) Taraxacum species using 15 measured capitulum morphological characters was conducted to study the speciation of diploid Taraxacum in East Asia. We measured 15 capitulum morphological characters including length of capitulum, length and shape of outer-involucre, corniculate appandage. Within one population, these characters were very various and were overlapped. The result of cluster analysis using morphological character showed that all species were clustered into four groups (Korean species & T. japonicum group, T. platycarpum subspecies group, T. platycarpum subsp. hodense group, T. formosanum group). Korean species, T. hallaisanense (diploid) and T. ohiwanum (diploid, triploid) were clustered into T. japonicum that was occurred in Kansai provinces of Japan. Therefore, we could infer that Korean species was closely related to Japanese T. japonicum of Japanese species.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 1993

Some multivariate discriminant analyses were done for each population of the native honeybee workers (Apis cerana), which were selected for 11 different localities in spring and 12 in summer from Korea. When the comparison for different localities was conducted, the correct assignment was averaged at 91.67% in spring and 88.44% in summer. And for the comparison between the 2 different seasons, it was averaged at 97.58%. Whereas, that regardless of seasons revealed the lowest correct assignment at 70.16%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.283-309
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• 2001

Acer pictum complex (A. pictum Thunb. ex Murray with varieties, A. okamotoanum Nakai, A. truncatum Bunge) in eastern Asia causes frequent difficulty in identification. One hundred twenty five specimens from A. pictum complex of China, Korea and Japan and A. cappadocicum var. sinicum of China were compared to investigate patterns of intra- and interspecific variation and to evaluate a recognition of several species as well as many varieties using 22 characters for morphometric analysis. The first three PCA accounted for 59% of the total variance. No strong discontinuities existed among taxa with respect to fruit and leaf characters. Much overlap among all taxa occurred the central region of the scatter diagram. Many characters appeared to show some clinal variation with changes from east of China to Japan through Korea. This was true not only when all species as considered as a single taxon, but when characters of individual taxa were compared with geography. As one considers a path from the western part of the ranges to areas to the east, the leaves become larger in most respects and become increasingly many lobed (five to seven or nine). In general, there was a tendency toward larger nutlet with smaller wing in the area toward northeast of China (=A. truncatum), while in the east of ranges (Island Ullung-do), plants were larger with respect to characters of fruit and leaves (=A. okamotoanum). The morphological differentiation between A. okamotoanum and Japanese and Korean individuals of A. pictum was not considered sufficient to warrant recognition of either specific or varietal status and should be treated as con specific under A. pictum var. mono. Since the lectotype of Acer pictum had minute hairs uniformly on the under surface of leaves(A. pictum var. pictum), the glabrous type of A. pictum was called A. pictum var. mono as Ohahsi suggested. The univaraite analysis (the mean and maximum/minium of nutlet size and wing/nutlet length ratio) indicated geographical differentiation of northeastern populations, A. truncatum, was distinctive, but Korean individuals of A. truncatum showed an affinity between Chinese individuals of A. truncatum and Korean individuals of A. Pictum var. mono. The current results, together with qualitative character, trunk features, justify subspecific status for this taxon. The previous varieties of A. mono in Korea were indistinguishable from typical form of A. Pictum var. mono on the basis of the wing angle and nutlet size, rejecting continued recognition of these taxa as distinctive varieties. Therefore, it is recommended that only one polymorphic species of A. pictum be recognized in addition to three varieties.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.80-94
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• 2024

This study aimed to examine the morphological characteristics and variation in main traits by comparing the growth of individuals of Ecklonia cava Kjellman(Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) under an aquaculture environment. This survey was conducted from April 2018 to November 2019 at the aquafarm in Jindo-gun, Jeollanam-do(South coast of Korea). To classify the morphology of individuals in the aquaculture farm of E. cava, we investigated fourteen morphological characteristics and calculated four ratios between the measured values. Juvenile individuals showed a simple or oblong lanceolate, and at 3-4 months, a short stipe and holdfast developed, along with a bladelet that developed into the secondary blade form. At 5-7 months, secondary blades were found to develop irregularly on the primary blade. At 8-10 months, the primary blade expanded and secondary blades elongated. At 11-12 months, the secondary blades became oblong. At 13-14 months, the thallus area expanded. At 15-16 months, tertiary blades were formed, the thallus became more complex, the stipe thickened, and the holdfast widened. At 17-18 months, secondary blades clearly developed along with lobes. At 19-20 months, tertiary blades developed and became similar to mature natural blades. In the principal component analysis (PCA), the monthly population of the first year(Q1) and that of the second year(Q2) of the cultured population were divided along PC1, which is related to secondary blade morphological characteristics and the holdfast width. Q2 and natural populations are distributed in descending order of volume in Jeju(J), East Coast(E), and South Coast(S) along PC2, which is related to primary blade and stipe morphological characteristics. The results of this study were judged to offer important criteria for the development of different varieties of E. cava.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.135-149
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• 1993

In order to study and ecotypic variation of Phragmites communis Trin., we investigated germination rates, velocities, and protein band patte군 of seeds of three population of salt marsh, estuary and fresh water areas of Muan Peninsular in southwestern coast of Korea from March, 1990 to October, 1992. The highest germination rates of seeds were observed at $25^{\circ}C$; those of population of the estuary and fresh water are were 100% and that of the salt marsh was 95%. Similar germination rates were observed from the populations of estuary and fresh water areas at $30^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, but they decreased at $15^{\circ}C$. The onset of germination of seeds of three population was earlier $^{\circ}C$, but they decreased at $15^{\circ}C$. The onset of germination of seeds of th three populations was earlier at both $25^{\circ}C$, which was higher than those of any other areas, while that of fresh water areas was the lowest. were different; those of salt marsh and estuary decreased to 30% and 2.5%, respectively, at 3.0% of salt content, but seeds of the fresh water area did not germinate at all at the same salt content. The onset of germination was delayed in the order of the salt marsh, esturay and fresh water areas as salt content of culture solution increased. Germination of seeds from the population of salt marsh was found to begin earliest. The highest germination velocity of three populations was observed in the culture containing no salt. The germination velocity constant decreased as salt content of culture solution increased from 0.5% to 3.0%: those of the populations of the salt marsh, estuary, and fresh water areas were 9.50, 0.75 and 0.00, respectively, at the salt concentration of 3.0%. Soluble protein patterns of seedings from the three populations were analyzed by SDS-PAGE method. The results showed that protein patterns of the three populations were distinctly different qualitatively and quantitatively. The present study suggests that populations of Phragmites communis Trin. in the coast of Korea had taken ecotypic variations of habitats, i.e., fresh water, estuary, and salt marsh types, according to the salt content.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2018

This study was to analyze the genetic diversity of Quercus gilva Blume growing in Jeju Island for developing a preservation strategy. We examined the genetic diversity and structure using 6 ISSR primers and investigated 67 polymorphic ISSR amplicons in 80 trees distributed among five populations. The average of proportion of polymorphic loci were 93%, the average level of Shannon's information index was 0.237, and Nei's genetic diversity was 0.156. According to the analysis of the molecular variance (AMOVA), $F_{st}$ was 0.169 indicating there was a genetic variation among five populations. 17% of the total variation was allocated among the five populations, while the other 83% of the total variation was in individual trees in each population. The result could be due to the uneven number of trees among the five populations. Based on these results, the preservation strategy could be developed, for examples, considering for designation as "forest genetic resources conservation area" about the habitat, monitoring continuously, fostering the growth of seedling, ex situ preservation of genetic resources, and comparing the differences of environmental and genetic characteristic with population in ex situ.