• Information Systems Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-23
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• 2014

With side effects such as Phishing and Spam using personal information in Social Network Service, there is a growing need for studies related to harmful behaviors such as the reason for privacy violation. As such, this study assumed privacy violation to be ethical decision, making behavior and used the Theory of Planned Behavior and Motivation Theory, which are mostly used in social science to identify the factors affecting privacy violation. The results suggested that the Perceived Enjoyment and Punishment used in motivation studies affected privacy violation behaviors, and that the factors of the Theory of Planned Behavior such as Attitude toward Privacy Violation, Subjective Norms of Privacy Violation, and Perceived Behavioral Control with regard to Privacy Violation significantly influenced the Intention to Privacy Violation. On the other hand, Perceived Curiosity and Subjective Norms of Privacy Violation did not affect the Intention to Privacy Violation. Therefore, this study confirmed that the Theory of Planned Behavior was appropriate to explain the Intention to Privacy Violation, and that the variables of the Motivation Theory generally influenced the Attitude toward Privacy Violation. This study was significant since it extended the scope of theoretical privacy study from users and victims centered to inflictor and applied the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior using the variables of the Motivation Theory in the study of Intention to Privacy Violation. From the practical aspect, it provided the ground for privacy education based on the fact that the Attitude toward Privacy Violation can be curbed when education on the Privacy Concerns, Perceived Enjoyment, and Punishment with regard to privacy is strengthened. It also cited the need for the punishment of privacy violation and the practical ground to amend the terms and conditions of user license and Personal Information Protection Act to provide policy support.

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.171-208
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• 2017

This paper is to analyze the type characteristics and prospects of the North Korean nuclear strategy. To this end, the paper is composed of 5 chapters titled introduction; the concept and type of nuclear strategy; the nuclear capabilities of North Korea and the declarative nuclear strategy; the operational characteristics and prospects of the North Korean nuclear strategy; and conclusion. Recently, the deployment of nuclear weapons and the enhancement of nuclear capabilities in North Korea have raised serious problems in our security and military preparedness. Nuclear strategy means military strategy related to the organization, deployment and operation of nuclear weapons. The study of North Korea's nuclear strategy begins with a very realistic assumption that the nuclear arsenal of North Korea has been substantiated. It is a measure based on North Korea's nuclear arsenal that our defense authorities present the concepts of preemptive attack, missile defense, and mass retaliation as countermeasures against the North Korean nuclear issue and are in the process of introducing and deploying them. The declared nuclear declaration strategy of the DPRK is summarized as: (1)Nuclear deterrence and retaliation strategy under the (North Korea's) Nuclear Weapons Act, (2)Nuclear preemptive aggression, (3)The principle of 'no first use' of nuclear weapons in the 7th Congress. And the intentions and operational characteristics of the North Korean nuclear strategy are as follows: (1)Avoiding blame through imitation of existing nuclear state practices, (2)Favoring of nuclear strategy through declarative nuclear strategy, (3)Non-settlement of nuclear strategy due to gap between nuclear capability and nuclear posture. North Korea has declared itself a nuclear-weapon state through the revised Constitution(2012.7), the Line of 'Construction of the Nuclear Armed Forces and the Economy'(2013.3), and the Nuclear Weapons Act(2013.4). However, the status of "nuclear nations" can only be granted by the NPT, which is already a closed system. Realistically, a robust ROK-US alliance and close US-ROK cooperation are crucial to curbing and overcoming the North Korean nuclear threat we face. On this basis, it is essential not only to deter North Korea's nuclear attacks, but also to establish and implement our own short-term, middle-term and long-term political and military countermeasures for North Korea's denuclearization and disarmament.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.178-192
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• 2018

The purposes of this study were to develop and apply on learning on geological field trip utilizing the social construction of scientific model. We developed field trip places by considering not only Orion (1993)'s novelty space but also the achievement standards of 2015 national curriculum. The subjects of the study were 8 in the 'G' science gifted education center. We conducted a study using the theme of 'How was formed Mt. Gwanak?' on 5 lessons including a series of 2 field trip lessons and 3 lessons utilizing the social construction of scientific model. Students participated in pre- and post-test on the understanding of scientific knowledge about formation of mountain. Semi-structured interview was used to analyze students' learning about geological field trip in terms of affective domain. Results were as follows. First, there were 2 places of upper-stream valley and down-stream valley separately. They contained outcrops gneiss, granite, joint in the valley, xenolith, fault plane, mineral in the valley. Second, pre- and post-test and semi-structure interview were analyzed in terms of what scientific knowledge students learned about and how Mt. Gwanak was formed. Seven students explained that Mt. Gwanak was volcano during pretest. Seven students described how granite was formed to form Mt. Gwanak. They also understood geological time scale, i.e., metamorphic rock. Third, the geological field trip was effective to low achievement geoscience students as they engaged in the activities of field trip. Using positive responses on affective learning was effective on learning on geological field trip when utilizing the social construction of scientific model. This study suggests that teachers use an example 'model' on geoscience education. This study also suggests that teachers apply the social construction of scientific model to geological field trip.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.45-85
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of "accident" under the Warsaw system including the Warsaw Convention for the Unification of certain Rules for International Carriage by Air of 1929 and the Montreal Convention of 1999. Most leading case on this subject is Air France v. Saks(470 U.S. 392 (1985)). In the Saks case, it was held that the definition of an accident must be applied flexibly, and most courts have adhered to the definition of accident in Saks case, the application of accident has been less than consistent. However, most cases have held that if the event is usual and expected operation of the aircraft, then no accident has occurred. Courts have also held that where the injury results from passenger's own internal reaction to the usual, normal, and expected operations of the aircraft, it is not caused by an accident. As the Warsaw drafters intended to create a system of liability rules that would cover all hazards of air travel, the carrier should liable for the inherent risks of air travel. It is right in that the carrier is in a better position than the passenger to control the risks during air travel. Most US courts have held that carriers are not liable for one passenger's assault on the other passenger. The interactions between passengers are not part of the normal operations of the aircraft and are therefore not covered by the word "accident" under Art 17 of the Warsaw Convention. It is regretful that the Montreal Convention did not attempt to clarify the concepts of accident in itself. In the light of an emerging tendency to hold the air carrier liable for occurrences that do not exactly go to the operation of the aircraft, it is desirable to regulate that the carrier is liable for an "event" instead of an "accident" in accordance with the Guatemala City protocol.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.375-402
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• 2020

The adoption and entering into force of the Registration Convention was another achievement in expanding and strengthening the corpus iuris spatialis. It was the fourth treaty negotiated by the member states of the UNCOPUOS and it elaborates further Articles 5 and 8 of the Outer Space Treaty(OST). The Registration Convention also complements and strengthens the Article 11 of the OST, which stipulates an obligation of state parties to inform the UN Secretary-General of the nature, conduct, locations, and results of their space activities in order to promote international cooperation. The prevailing purposes of the Registration Convention is the clarification of "jurisdiction and control" as a comprehensive concept mentioned in Article 5 8 of the OST. In addition to its overriding objective, the Registration Convention also contributes to the promotion and the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes. Establishing and maintaining a public register reduces the possibility of the existence of unidentified space objects and thereby lowers the risk such as, for example, putting the weapons of mass destruction secretly into orbit. And furthermore it could serve for a better space traffic management. The Registration Convention is a treaty established to implement Article 5 of OST for the rescue and return of astronaut in more detail. In this respect, if OST is a general law, the Registration Convention would be said to be in a special law. If two laws conflict the principle of lex specialis will be applied. Countries that have not joined the Registration Convention will have to follow the rules concerning the registration of paragraph 7 of the Declaration by the United Nations General Assembly resolution 1721 (X V I) in 1961. UN Resolution 1721 (XVI) is essentially non-binding, but appears to have evolved into the norm of customary international law requiring all States launching space objects into orbit or beyond to promptly provide information about their launchings for registration to the United Nations. However, the nature and scope of the information to be supplied is left to the discretion of the notifying State. The Registration Convention is a treaty created for compulsory registration of space objects by nations, but in reality it is a treaty that does not deviate from existing practice because it is based on voluntary registration. With the situation of dealing with new problems due to the commercialization and privatization of the space market, issues related to the definition of a 'space object', including matter of the registry state of new state that purchased space objects and space debris matter caused by the suspension of space objects launched by the registry state should be considered as matters when amendments, additional protocols or new Registration Convention are established. Also the question of registration of a flight vehicle in the commercial space market using a space vehicle traveling in a sub-orbital in a short time should be considered.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.37-55
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the improvement of the resilience of adolescents through the analysis of activities in high school Technology·Home Economics textbooks developed according to the 2015 revised high school Technology·Home Economics curriculum. For this purpose, we analyzed the activities of 12 high school Technology·Home Economics textbooks in the 'human development and family' and 'family life and safety' areas based on the sub-factors of resilience. A total of 303 activities were extracted from 12 textbooks. After analyzing the activities of the three people, the process of revising and supplementing the analysis criteria through consultation was conducted three times and then reviewed by three experts. The analysis found that although there were differences in the number of activities to be dealt with, it was common to focus on raising interpersonal ability(54.8%) among the sub-factors of resilience. Followed by self-regulation(39.4%) and positive(5.8%). Second, the analysis of the activities by core concepts showed that the most activities dealing with the sub-factors of resilience were in the 'family life and safety' area, which deals with 'safety (44.3%)' as a core concept. And in the area of human development and family, which deals with development (25.1%) and relationships (36%) as core concept, the sub-factors of resilience were also covered. This can be inferred that the home curriculum is suitable for systematic education of resilience, and that the term resilience in the curriculum has been considered and dealt with resilience before it is specifically mentioned. I hope that the results of this study will be used as basic data for the development of home and resilience education programs in the future.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.153-164
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• 2012

Recently, as the one way of open Innovation management, Not a company's sole activity, but technology development and infrastructure buildup between companies for the synergistic effect of technological innovation, and technology transfer commercialization is needed. For a successful technology commercialization, it needs many experts like technology transfer agents, A technology transfer agent can be qualified with finishing its registration education course over 40 hours on the basis of the article 14 of law on the Promotion of Technology Transfer and the article 21 of the enforcement. After the 2010 revision of notice, the incorporated company, the Korea Technology Transfer agents has conducted the registration education. Until now, educations were conducted twice in January 2011 and November 2011. Accordingly, this study is necessary to improve the education service's quality and seek remedy through the in-depth evaluation of the present basic education service's quality. The results are as in the following. First, the service quality affect the satisfaction of the education service's quality positively. It is identified that the details of service quality of flexibility, reliability, responsiveness, conviction, and sympathy influence the education service satisfaction positively. Second, the education service satisfaction affects the attitude positively after completing the course. Third, service quality affects the attitude after completing the education course, Also it is identified that the details of service quality of flexibility, reliability, responsiveness, conviction, and sympathy influence the attitude after education completion. It is expected that this research may be used as the basic information for establishing education improvements and be helpful in establishing the technology transfer agents' registration education strategy. Through a continuous research, it is also expected that technology transfer markets are accelerated and qualified technology transfer agents are trained.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.831-836
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• 2007

Background: Cardiac injuries are the most commonly overlooked injuries in patients who die from trauma. Patients who survive blunt cardiac rupture or penetrating injuries are rare and the incidence is not well defined. Many patients require urgent or emergency operations and operative mortality is very high. Material and Method: A retrospective review of 26 patients with cardiac injuries due to thoracic trauma undergoing emergency thoracotomy from January 1997 to December 2005. Result: There were 17 male and 9 female patients, with a mean age of $45.3{\pm}16.2\;(range:\;17{\sim}80)$. Thirteen patients (50%) were injured in motor vehicle accidents, and five patients (19%) in motorcycle accidents. Six patients (23%) were injured by knives, and two patients (8%) were injured by falling. Anatomic injuries included right atrium (12 [46%]), left atrium (1 [4%]), right ventricle (5 [19%]), left ventricle (5 [19%]), and cardiac chambers (2 [7%]). Diagnosis was made by computer tomography in 12 patients and sonography in 14 patients. The average times from admission to operating room was $89.2{\pm}86.7\;min\;(range:\;10{\sim}335)$. The average time for diagnosis was $51.3{\pm}13.6\;min\;(range:\;5{\sim}280)$. The mean Revised Trauma Score (RTS) was $6.7{\pm}0.8$, and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), was $12.8{\pm}2.8$. The overall mortality rate was 12% (3 out of 26 patients). Conclusion: The mortality rate from cardiac injury is very high. The survival rate can be increased only by a high index of suspicion, aggressive expeditious diagnostic evaluation, and prompt appropriate surgical management.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.524-532
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• 2010

The Na, component of salt, can increase the risk of high blood pressure and hypertension. Especially, children are exposed to an increased risk of high sodium intake, because they often consume Na-rich processed foods and commercially prepared foods in the street. However, the database for the sodium and chloride content for these children's favorite foods is insufficient. In this study, the Na and Cl contents in 89 children's favorite foods were analyzed by using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) method. The analyzed food items were presented after being classified into 33 kinds of food groups. The Na contents in 100 g children's favorite foods ranged from 0.3 mg to 35.1mg in fruits, 28.9mg to 82.5mg in milks, 127.2 mg to 602.2 mg in breads, cakes, sandwiches, and rice cakes, 2.5 mg to 1169.9 mg in candies, cookies and ice creams, 226.9 mg to 693.7 mg in commercially prepared street foods, and 103.4 mg to 875.8 mg in fast foods of westernized restaurant. Among children's favorite food groups, 100 g fried chicken, hotdog, burgers, and donuts contained an average Na of 536 mg, 553 mg, 794 mg, and 562.2 mg, respectively, so they are classified as 'high Na foods'. In contrast, 100 g fruits and dairy products contained Na an average 4.9 mg and 43.4 mg, respectively, being classified as 'low Na foods'. One serving of ramen, mandu noodle, and burger pizza can supply over 667mg Na, which is one third of the KDRI targeted intake. Likewise, the Cl contents in children's favorite foods were diverse according to food groups. The Cl contents in the analyzed foods differed from the 1.5 times of Na content, which is assumed in general. This study showed that the Na and Cl contents in children's favorite foods are very diverse. Conclusively, a strategy to reduce Na contents in the fast foods such as noodles and westernized restaurant foods is necessary for children health.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.104-113
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• 2009

Gyeong Po in Gangneung is highly recognized as a scenic area that is home to twelve traditional pavilions which are still in existence today. Since the modification of the Natural Park Act in 2007, there has been serious concern about the regulation of the heights of buildings surrounding Gyeong Po. In light of this, the present study aims to provide some guidelines for the regulation of building height in the modified Natural Park Act on the basis of investigations of landscape characteristics of Gyeong Po and the psychological influences of changing building heights. The analysis of the view from the pavilions located around Gyeong Po Lake indicated that the strategic landscape control points were Gyeong Po Dae and Bang Hae pavilions in terms of landscape management. These two landscape control points were considered as points from which people could view the greatest part of the landscape surrounding Gyeong Po Lake. The results of a preference analysis revealed that the views from Gyeong Po Dae to Juk Do were of relatively higher preference than the view from Bang Hae pavilion. This finding emphasized the importance of landscape management in Juk Do and its surroundings. A factor analysis resulted in three factors including attractiveness, tranquility, and orderliness. A comparison of the magnitude of influence of these three factors showed that the order of influence to preference was: attractiveness>tranquility>orderliness. These results highlight the need to introduce landmarks or unique buildings into the areas because the panoramic views of Gyeong Po Lake are relatively flat as lake views go. There should also be a variety of skylines harmonizing with the natural landscapes and landscape management for building groups, rather than individual building control, to enhance tranquility. Analysis of the psychological effects of building height suggests that, regardless of view points, preference was split at a 30 meter building height. This was indicative that viewer preference would drop when building heights are controlled to allow heights over 30 meters. The present study was not able to take varying view points and story heights into account. A more detailed study considering building types, the arrangement of buildings and the number of building stories is needed for effective landscape management in the Gyeong Po Dae area.