• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.217-235
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• 2010

In franchise industry, territorial restraint is a system that imposes exclusive right to franchisers in a certain business area. To the franchisers, this system guarantees monopoly profits in a local market and exclusive rights during the contract periods. In such a way, franchisee generates a big revenue at once on the basis of franchiser's initial investment such as interior cost and franchise fee, it must have supervised franchiser's moral hazard for the territorial restraint agreement. Rather than territorial restraint can be a system to give exclusive right to franchiser's so that they neglect their own sales and too much rely on headquarter's brand and marketing activities without their own efforts. This paper assesses the implication of territorial restraint by examining the effect on brand extension, degree of contract termination. Drawing on research in transaction cost agreement and opportunism, the authors suggest that franchisee is highly likely to launch similar brand which is not effected on previous contract when territorial restraint is set out in the contract system. Moreover, the authors find that the degree of contract termination will be high in the existence of territorial restraint due to the franchisee's opportunism. The results imply that territorial restraint induces franchisee's opportunistic strategy more aggressively so that the possibility of brand extension or new brand launching will be increased. At the same time, franchisee is aggressively seeking for the reason for contract termination due to the pursuit of its profit maximization. Based on some empirical findings, this paper concludes with policy implications and some necessary fields of future studies desirable.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.139-171
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• 2018

The 「Act on Remedies for Injuries from Medical Malpractice and Mediation of Medical Disputes」(hereinafter referred to as 'the Act on Mediation of Medical Disputes') provides that the state should compensate the victims of medical accidents occurred irresistibly in childbirth despite that health and medical service personnel fulfilled their duty of care for their damage within the range of its budget(Article 46 of the Act on Mediation of Medical Disputes). Given that victims of medical accidents could expect demage recovery only through lawsuits thus far, this act can be said to be a groundbreaking act. However, However, as 30% of the costs for such medical accident compensation projects are borne by those who have records of childbirth among the founders of health and medical institutions (Article 21 of the Act on Mediation of Medical Disputes), there has been a question about whether doctors are held responsible despite that the accidents such as the deaths of mothers and newborn babies occurred irresistibly without doctors' fault. However, recently, the Constitutional Court ruled that 'the range of founders of health and medical institutions' and 'share ratios of finances for compensation' in Article 46 (3) of the Act on Mediation of Medical Disputes' related to the imposition of the share of costs are institutional (Constitutional Court ruling dated April 26, 2018, 2015Heonga13, hereinafter referred to as 'the ruling in the case'). Although the ruling in the case was made based on only the principle of statutory reservation and the principle of ban on comprehensive authorization, this paper added a practical judgment. This paper proved that the share of costs in this case has the nature of burden charges in pursuit of study and does not infringe on the property rights of the founders of health medical institutions even in light of the principle of proportionality because there is a legitimate reason for imposing the burden charge. The imposition of the share of costs in the system for compensation for medical accidents occurred irresistibly is against the principle of liability with fault in part. However, the medical accident compensation projects are rational a national policy for the victims of medical accidents and the medical world clearly gains some benefits from the effect to terminate medical disputes. The expansion of finances for compensation through the payments of the share of costs will reduce the suffering and misunderstanding of victims of medical accidents occurred in the process of childbirth and will be very helpful to the construction of stable treatment environments of medical workers by quickly establishing the medical accident compensation projects as such.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 2007

Creating more efficient and effective intermodal transportation service in Northeast range is a critical issue because of more increased trade volume & demand for intermodal service in the world market and geographical barriers associated with goods transportation, especially in Korea, China and Japan. This study examines the possibility of Rail-ferry introduction and possible route in Northest area which can provide each country mutual economical and logistical satisfaction. But, this study requires more empirical and concrete examination based on the cost & benefit analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1478-1486
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• 2016

This paper introduces technical methods to improve the accessibility and usability of a WebRTC video conference (VC) application. Simplified login is essential, by applying such as single sign-on (SSO) to improve the accessibility of VC applications. High usability and manageability are also necessary to attract more users, enhance user experiences, and save service management cost. The proposed VC application leverages SAML-based federated identity management (FIM) to enable higher service accessibility. Users can access the application with their organizational ID and SSO authentication. The FIM eases user ID management and indirectly strengthens privacy information protection. Proposed web application has high usability and manageability because users and/or administrators can easily create, join, monitor, or tear down VC sessions through RESTful web service (REST API). We verify the feasibility of the VC application after illustrating the SAML-based identity federation and the designed REST API.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.342-362
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• 2010

최근 국내의 각종 공사장부근에서 일어나는 가축에 대한 환경분쟁(소음, 진동, 먼지 등)피해를 호소하는 농가가 지속적으로 늘고 있으나, 피해 농가의 피해를 입증할 수 있는 객관적인 자료가 부족한데 따라 보고서를 작성하는 데 여간 어려웠던 적이 한, 두번이 아님에 많은 아쉬움을 가졌다. 각종 공사로 인해 가축 사육 장소인 목장(농장)내 도로개설 및 관통으로 인한 목장의 지속여부, 겨울철 수렵시기에 총성으로 인한 한우 성장지연, 육질 저하 등에 미치는 영향, 태양광 발전소가 축사 인근에 있어 사육 한우가 성장지연 등의 피해를 호소하는 농가가 있으나, 이에 대한 관련 연구자들의 많은 연구가 이뤄졌으면 한다. 그런 가운데서 우리 임상수의사들의 관련 자료나 정보를 입수하여 보다 적극적으로 대처하여 피해 축산농가들에 대한 보상에 도움을 줘야 하나, 피해 목장내 사육가축의 진단서나 소견서등 발부요청에 미온적이거나 회피하는 경우들을 적잖게 목도를 하고 실망감을 감출 수가 없었다. 진단서 등의 각 항목의 기재 내용의 누락, 여러 마리를 한 장(1두 1매 원칙)에 작성한다거나 유 사 조산시 정확한 월(일)령의 비기재, 환경분쟁과 관련된 피해사실의 누락이나 전혀 무관한 병명으로 발급하는 경우 및 수의사법 등에서 승인된 양식을 이탈하여 임의로 작성하는 등의 예를 간혹 보아왔는 터라 개선이 시급하다 하겠다. 임상 수의사들이 발급하는 진단서나 소견서 등은 어디까지 관련 전문가나 법원 등의 감정시 어디까지나 참고용으로 활용되고, 발급에 따른 제 비용은 인정될 경우에는 피해농가들에게 되돌려주며, 절대적으로 피해를 주는 일이 없다는 것을 강조해두고 싶다. 따라서 필자는 환경분쟁사건을 현지조사내지는 보고서를 작성하면서 아직도 우리 임상 수의사들은 새로운 분야에 대한 능동적인 대처가 더더욱 요구되는 시기에 수동적이거나 미온적으로 대하는 사례에 안타까움을 호소하며, 환경분쟁시 가축에 미치는 영향과 최근 새로이 제시된 배상액의 산정기준을 소개하여 도움을 주고 싶다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.218-222
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• 2013

Trade turnover between asia including our country and China and South America including Brazil the Chile is increasing continuously. That key item is diversified very from the raw materials to the agriculture and marine products, the industrial product and the mineral. The international transportation of these freight mainly depends in the aircraft and the container liner. But, in order to pass through the most various port of call is makes transshipment cargo and the long lead-time. so the goods expense of the style increases. The research proposed logistics network's construction between the main harbors of Korea and Ecuador. These nation according to great circle navigation is contiguous geographically in order to confront Pacific Ocean. These nation is contiguous geographically in order to confront Pacific Ocean by the great circle navigation. Specially Korea will become the hub-port of Northeast Asia and South America, which is caused by direct logistics lines's establishment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the synthetic forest road network by calculating the optimal road density and layout of the forest road network in order to construct the systematic road network in the forested area. For this, five comparative routes were additionally planed and compared through evaluation indicators. As a result, the optimum road density of the study site was estimated to be 18.4 m/ha, and the synthetic forest road network was the best in the four indicators such as average skidding distance, standard deviation of skidding distance, development index, and circuity factor. In addition, the synthetic forest road network was comparable to the main road network by about 4 %p in the timber volume available and potential area size for logging, but the construction cost of the road was about 20 %p lower. It showed a synthetic forest road network was better in terms of economy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.1
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• pp.115-121
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• 2016

This study was conducted to provide the basic policy information for establishing efficient forest-road networks. Synthetic forest-road networks that consist of main and spur roads and forest-road networks with only main road (hereafter called "main-road network") were planned for the five forest-road experimental districts of Korea Forest Service in this study. Road density of the synthetic forest-road networks was calculated and compared with the road density of the main-road networks. The results showed that the optimum road density of the synthetic forest-road networks was 10.1~15.9 m/ha, and the road density of the main-road networks was 8.4~12.4 m/ha. The construction cost of the synthetic forest-road networks was estimated about 1~8% lower than the main-road networks, while the road density was 20~30% greater than the main-road networks. As timber volume and hauling cost increased, the optimum road density of the synthetic forest-road networks increased, within which the road density of highstandard main road rapidly increased. On the other hand, the spur road density increased with slope gradient.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 2016

The present study aimed to derive decision factors for residency in the hinterland of Incheon New Port that is undergoing the development of port hinterlands and changes in leasing methods considered from the perspective of companies and analyze the priorities of determinants for residency through Fuzzy-AHP in order to present a direction to activate companies entries into the hinterland of Incheon New Port. When the comprehensive rankings of determinants for residency in the hinterland of Incheon New Port, rent levels among cost factors took the highest ranking with a value of 10.2% followed by the throughput of the port among market factors with a value of 8.2%, the scale of the market on the background with a value of 7.3%,, reduction in inland transport costs among cost factors with a value of 7.1%, connectivity to inland transportation networks among locational factors with a value of 6.7%, and designation as a free trade zone and the scale with a value of 6.4%. When seen from the viewpoint of companies to determine whether to move into the hinterland of Incheon New Port, the rent level should be provided to be more attractive compared to the hinterlands of ports in other regions. In addition, inland transportation costs which are a matter of the most serious concern of shippers in the capital region should be reduced and sea routes that can directly connect Incheon New Port to US ports and European ports should be opened.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.171-209
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• 2022

There were also many medical-related rulings in 2021, among which the rulings reviewed in this paper are as follows. The first relates to a case in which the medical record, which is the primary judgment data regarding the presence or absence of medical negligence, has been modified. The court judged whether there was negligence on the basis of the first written medical record without considering the contents of the medical record that was later modified. Next, the ruling on the case of asking for liability for damages for prescription of anti-obesity drugs recognized negligence related to prescription, but denied liability for property damage by denying a causal relationship, and recognized only alimony for violation of the duty of explanation. The a full-bench ruling on the scope of subrogation of the National Health Insurance Corporation, which subrogates the claims for compensation for medical expenses against the perpetrator of the patient, changed the existing precedent that had taken the 'deduction method after offsetting negligence' and judged it as 'the method of offsetting negligence after deduction'. In addition, in the ruling on whether or not there was negligence, the court was not bound by the medical record appraisal result. Lastly, in relation to the National Health Insurance Service's disposition of reimbursement for medical care benefit costs, we reviewed the ruling that discretion should be exercised even when a non-medical person makes a refund to a medical institution opened by a non-medical person. And we also reviewed the ruling that the scope of reimbursement for medical institutions jointly using facilities and manpower specifically should be determined.