• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.361-374
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• 2009

For successful osteogenesis around the implants, interaction between implant surface and surrounding tissue is important. Biomechanical bonding and biochemical bonding are considered to influence the response of adherent cells. But the focus has shifted surface chemistry. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the MC3T3-E1 osteoblast like cell responses of magnesium (Mg) ion implanted titanium surface produced using a plasma source ion implantation method. Commercially pure titanium disc was used as substrates. The discs were prepared to produce four different surface, A: Machine turned surface, B: Mg implanted surface, C: sandblasted surface, D: sandblasted and Mg implanted surface. MC3T3 El osteoblastic like cells were cultured on the disc specimens. Cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and synthesis of extracellular matrix were evaluated. The cell adhesion morphology was evaluated by SEM. RT PCR assay was used for assessment of cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. ALP activity was measured for cell differentiation. The results of this study were as follows: 1. SEM showed that cell on Mg ion groups was more proliferative than that of non Mg ion groups. On the machine turned surface, cell showed some degree of contact guidance in aligning with the machining grooves. 2. In RT PCR analysis, osteonectin and c-fos mRNA were more expressed on sandblasted and Mg ion implanted group. 3. ALP activity was not significantly different among all groups. Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: It might indicate Mg ion implanted titanium surface induce better bone response than non Mg ion groups.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 2005

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess cognitive functions and their relationship with sleep symptoms in young narcoleptic patients. Methods: Eighteen young narcolepsy patients and 18 normal controls (age: 17-35 years old) were recruited. All narcolepsy patients had HLA $DQB_1$ *0602 allele and cataplexy. Several important areas of cognition were assessed by a battery of neuropsychological tests consisting of 13 tests: executive functions (e.g. cognitive set shifting, inhibition, and selective attention) through Wisconsin card sorting test, Trail Making A/B, Stroop test, Ruff test, Digit Symbol, Controlled Oral Word Association and Boston Naming Test; alertness and sustained attention through paced auditory serial addition test; verbal/nonverbal short-term memory and working memory through Digit Span and Spatial Span; visuospatial memory through Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test; verbal learning and memory through California verbal learning test; and fine motor activity through grooved pegboard test. Sleep symptoms in narcolepsy patients were assessed with Epworth sleepiness scale, Ullanlinna narcolepsy scale, multiple sleep latency test, and nocturnal polysomnography. Relationship between cognitive functions and sleep symptoms in narcolepsy patients was also explored. Results: Compared with normal controls, narcolepsy patients showed poor performance in paced auditory serial addition (2.0 s and 2.4 s), digit symbol tests, and spatial span (forward)(t=3.86, p<0.01; t=-2.47, p=0.02; t=-3.95, p<0.01; t=-2.22, p=0.03, respectively). There were no significant between-group differences in other neuropsychological tests. In addition, results of neuropsychological test in narcolepsy patients were not correlated with Epworth sleepiness scale score, Ullanlinna narcolepsy scale score and sleep variables in multiple sleep latency test or nocturnal polysomnography. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that young narcolepsy patients have impaired attention. In addition, impairment of attention in narcolepsy might not be solely due to sleep symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 1976

The aims of this study are, 1) to describe the attitudes of the community towards each food item and 2) to provide the information necessary for the solution of nutritional problems due to the different food intake of the community. This study is based on the Food Consumption Survey conducted by the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs in a series of National Nutrition Survey in August, 1973. The sample included 8 communities, in which 160 households were selected at random for this study. The procedures and methods used in this study to compute the acceptability index were adopted from the study of H. Toyokawa, University of Tokyo. Food attitudes of the sample communities are clear in terms of the mean acceptability index which is presented in Table 3. The following order is indicative of the relative strength of acceptability of the respective food items: 1. Seasonings (-1.20) 2. Oils and fats (-1.12) 3. Pulses(- .60) 4. Processed vegetables (- .45) 5. Seaweeds (- .32) 6. Sugars (- .19) 7. Fresh vegetables (- .15) 8. Rice (- .13) 9. Cereals and grain products (- .07) 10. Starchy roots (- .06) 11. Fresh fish and shells (.44) 12. Processed fish and shells (.56) 13. Eggs (1.06) 14. Fruits (1.26) 15. Meats and poultry (1.33) 16. Milk and milk products (2.87) There are highly significant difference in the acceptability index between food items and the mean intake of rice, cereals and grain products, pulses, starchy roots, processed vegetables, fruits, sugars, seaweeds, seasonings, meats and poultry, eggs, fresh and shells, and oils and fats between the communities at the .01 level of significance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.422-429
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• 2006

The study aims to examine that regular leisure activity of the elderly has a beneficial effect to enhance their health condition. The elderly subjects of 164 (82 of elderly who do leisure and 82 of elderly who do not leisure) aged over 60 years in Suwon area were employed. Survey questionnaires were administered to investigate general characteristics, life style, mental status, dietary life and nutritional status. From the findings, the elderly who do leisure were highly educated, better in living status and higher employment rate. The mental status of the elderly without leisure activity was very much inferior to that of the elderly with leisure activity, representing higher prevalence rate of depression. Furthermore, the elderly who do not leisure showed higher drinking and smoking rates, irregular eating habits, poor teeth condition and chewing style as well as having eating obstacles. Mean caloric intake of both the elderly was also lower than that of RDA. The elderly who do not leisure have shown lower intakes in most of essential nutrients in contrast to the elderly who do leisure. In conclusion, the elderly with regular leisure activity seemed to have better life style and mental status, dietary life and nutritional status. Therefore, it is critically important to establish the health program combined with various leisure activity for the seniors to promote and energize the later years of life.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.135-147
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• 2010

In this study, the objective masticatory efficiency of two groups of temporomandibular disorder patients, pain and sound groups, was compared with that in a normal group using the MAI (mixing ability Index). The subjective chewing ability was evaluated using questionnaires, such as the Food Intake Ability Index (FIA) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-49K of the patients was also examined to measure the oral health-related quality of life. The results were as follows: 1. The MAI, FIA and VAS in the pain group were significantly lower than in the normal and sound groups. This shows that the chewing efficiency of the pain group was lower than the normal and sound groups (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the sound and normal groups. 2. The OHIP-49K for the oral health-related quality of life showed a significant increase in both the pain and sound groups compared with normal group. This means that the oral health-related quality of life was lower in both the pain and sound groups. 3. There was a correlation between the MAI, FIA and VAS (P<0.01) in all subjects (71 persons). The OHIP-49K was associated with the FIA and VAS. 4. There was a correlation between the FIA and VAS (P<0.05) in the sound group but no correlation in the other groups. 5. There was a correlation between the FIA and VAS in all groups. 6. The VAS was increased significantly in the pain group according to the level of pain reduction after treatment (P<0.05). However, there was no significant increase in the MAI, even though there was an improvement in masticatory efficiency. In addition, there was no difference in the FIA and OHIP-49K according to the level of pain reduction after treatment. In this study, it is believed that pain is a main factor decreasing the masticatory efficiency in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Moreover, TMJ sounds decrease the quality of life but do not decrease the masticatory efficiency. Therefore, it is important to control the pain in order to improve the masticatory efficiency in temporomandibular disorder patients. Moreover, managing both pain and sound can improve the quality of life.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.31-40
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• 2014

The importance of green spaces in the city is growing each day. Local governments are taking charge of park development works that are having difficulty in developing and managing urban parks due to high land value as well as a shortage in finances. This is even though an urban park is defined as an urban planning facility and the law provides park area per person. Civil residents, meanwhile, are using not only urban parks provided by law but also other green areas such as rivers, reservoirs, and school playgrounds because they recognize urban green areas by the concept of use. In this study, accordingly, urban green areas were sorted into two types, urban parks, parks provided by law, and other green areas, and the difference in use pattern and use satisfaction by type was analyzed. As a result of analysis, there was no remarkable difference between the two types. According to such results, it was found that it is necessary to include other green areas, such as rivers, reservoirs, school green areas, and apartment green areas in addition to the current park green areas provided by law when park area per person is calculated, and such calculation of urban green areas reflecting local characteristics can reduce local governments' financial burden and improve the effectiveness of future urban park policies. It is judged that such results can become a plan against the cancellation of unexecuted urban facilities. The fact that accessibility factors, such as road satisfaction, access convenience, and convenient movement, are affecting satisfaction with the use of urban parks suggests that it is important to improve urban park accessibilities rather than to quantitatively expand park area in order to improve satisfaction with urban parks. Considering that people travel to urban green areas mostly by walking, it is necessary for access convenience to conduct follow-up studies such as barrier-free and securing walking stability through analysis of routes to urban green areas.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.340-347
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the material in middle school and high school textbooks covering child care and children's health for medically inaccurate content and to make sure that the correct information is given to students. Methods : We have examined 47 kinds of textbooks on the subjects 'Home economics' and 'Technology and home economics' published in 2007 to find out how much importance is placed on children's health and childcare and to search for incorrect definitions, inaccurate facts or insufficient explanations. We have also analyzed the credentials of the writers of these textbooks. Results : Textbooks of middle school cover psychological and physical changes during adolescence and nutrition, and those of high school cover marriage and childcare. These materials covering health made up 27.5%, 11.7% of middle & high school texts. Age definitions of neonate and infant were incorrect. Inaccurate facts were mostly about fontanelles, primitive reflexes, breastfeeding and weaning. There also were wrong informations on the umbilical cord care and developmental milestones during infancy. The childhood immunization schedules and the growth curves were not up to date. Most of the authors major in home economics and the others were school teachers. There was no evidence of any review by a medical society or an expert. Conclusions : When writing about children's health and childcare in textbooks, a board-certified pediatrician or The Korean Pediatric Society should be consulted to provide accurate medical information to middle and high school students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.1558-1566
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine dietitians' perception of importance about standards of foodservice management associated with long-term care hospital accreditation. This study was carried out through a postal survey consisting of 500 questionnaires, and 157 returned questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. The results were summarized as follows. Average scores of perception of importance were 4.54/5 points in foodservice production management domain, 4.56/5 points in foodservice facilities management domain, and 4.70/5 points in foodservice sanitation domain. The average scores of importance of long-term care hospitals without accreditation were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of hospitals with accreditation in items of 'establishment of ventilation equipment in kitchen', 'establishment of hand-washstand in toilet (warm-water, soap)', 'setup of sterilizing foothold in entrance of kitchen and toilet', 'division and use of knife, chopping board, gloves, and utensils before and after cook', 'establishment of cleaning plan and cyclic practice', and 'recording of receiving diary'. Results indicate that there is a need to supplement a casebook of regulations by suggesting detailed and critical limits in the case of below average points of importance. A manual, including HACCP standards for foodservice management of long-term care hospitals, is needed, along with education and webpage for comparing notes on accreditation of long-term care hospitals.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1997

Purpose : We analyzed the survival and failure patterns of cervix cancer patients treated with irradiation alone to evaluate our treatment method and to compare with the others Methods and Materials : Two hundred and twenty cervical cancer patients, Stage IB, II A, and II B who completed the planned treatment between Mar 1987 and December 1991 were analyzed retrospectively. The Stage IB patients were restaged to the Stage IB1 and IB2 by the recently revised FIGO classification, Patients were treated with a combination of external irradiation and the intracavitary brachytherapy Determination of the tumor control was done at the time of 6 months Postirradiation. The follow-up time was ranged from 3 to 115 months and the mean was 62 months and the follow-up rate was $93.6\%$(206/220) Results : The overall 5-year survival rate of Stage IB1 (N=50), IB2(N: 15). II A(N=58), and II B(N=97) was $94\%,\;87\%,\;69\%,\;and\;56\%$. respectively. In the univariate analysis of prognostic factors, stage(0.00), initial Hg level (P=0.00), initial TA-4(tumor-associated) antigen level(p= 0.02), initial CEA level(p=0.02), barrel-shaped tumor(p=0.02), whole cervical involvement (0.00), pelvic tyrnphadenopathy(LAP) in CT(p=0.04), and Post-irradiation adiuvant chemotherapy(P=0.00) were statistically significant in survival analysis. In a while multivariate analysis showed that the stage was the most powerful Prognostic indicator and the Post-irradiation chemotherapy factor also showed the statistical significance. The overall local control rate was $81\%$ and by the stage, $100\%$ in Stage IBI, $86.7\%$ in Stage IBS, $84.5\%$ in Stage IIA, and $68.1\%$ in Stage IIB, respectively The overall tumor recurrence rate was $15.5\%$(27/174) and by the stage, $8\%$(4/50) in Stage IB1, $0\%$(0/l3) in Stage IB2, $22.4\%$(l1/49) in Stage II A, and $19.4\%$(12/62) in Stage II B, respectively. Conclusions : We obtained the similar treatment results to the other's ones in early stage cervical cancer patients. But in Stage II B, the local control rate was lower than that of the other institutes and also the survival was poorer. So it seems to be necessary to reevaluate the treatment method in advanced cervical cancer patients.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.759-769
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• 2013

Electronic equipment has been applied to virtually every area associated with commercial, industrial, and military applications. Specifically, electronics have been incorporated into avionics components installed in aircraft. This equipment is exposed to dynamic loads such as vibration, shock, and acceleration. Especially, avionics components installed in a helicopter are subjected to simultaneous sine and random base excitations. These are denoted as sine on random vibrations according to MIL-STD-810F, Method 514.5. In the past, isolators have been applied to avionics components to reduce vibration and shock. However, an isolator applied to an avionics component installed in a helicopter can amplify the vibration magnitude, and damage the chassis, circuit card assembly, and the isolator itself via resonance at low-frequency sinusoidal vibrations. The objective of this study is to investigate the dynamic characteristics of an avionics component installed in a helicopter and the structural dynamic modification of its tray plate without an isolator using both a finite element analysis and experiments. The structure is optimized by dynamic loads that are selected by comparing the vibration, shock, and acceleration loads using vibration and shock response spectra. A finite element model(FEM) was constructed using a simplified geometry and valid element types that reflect the dynamic characteristics. The FEM was verified by an experimental modal analysis. Design parameters were extracted and selected to modify the structural dynamics using topology optimization, and design of experiments(DOE). A prototype of a modified model was constructed and its feasibility was evaluated using an FEM and a performance test.