• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 1984

현재 축산농가에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 곡류, 조사료 및 부산물을 활용하여 사료의 자급율을 높이는 것은 농가의 소득증대를 위하여 바람직한 일이다. 이러한 사료의 자급자족 체계를 위하여 소형이며 조작이 간편한 사료분쇄기가 요구된다. 따라서 농가에 많이 보급되어 있는 5~10 마력 (3.7-7.5 kw)의 동력경운기에 의하여 작동될 수 있는 소형 햄머타입의 사료분쇄기 시작기를 설계 제작하였다. 그리고 시작기의 성능을 분석하기 위하여 보리, 옥수수, 볏짚, 건초를 사료로 하여 시료의 공급율과 스크린의 구멍크기를 변화시켜가며 실험을 수행하였다. 이상과 같은 햄머 밀 시작기의 설계 및 성능시험을 통하여 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 시작기의 평균분쇄능력은 보리의 경우 평균입자직경이 543 마이크론일 때 $82.7kg/kw{\cdot}h$였으며, 옥수수의 경우에는 평균입자직경이 408 마이크론일 때 $132.7kg/kw{\cdot}h$였다. 2. 최대 공급율로 분쇄할 때 소요동력은 보리의 경우 1.9kw, 옥수수의 경우 5.3kw, 볏짚의 경우 1.5kw, 건초의 경우 1.6kw을 필요로 하였으며, 5-10 마력(3.7-7.5kw)의 동력경운기로 개발된 햄머 밀을 작동함에는 별 문제가 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 3. 시작기로 시료를 분쇄할 때 곡류 분쇄는 물론 조사료 분쇄도 가능한 것으로 분석되었다. 4. 시작기에 의해 시료를 분쇄했을 때 분쇄물의 평균온도 상승폭은 $7.2-10.0^{\circ}C$였다. 이러한 온도는 분쇄물의 영양소 파괴및 저장상의 안정성을 고려할 때 안전한 범위의 온도상승으로 판단되었다. 5. 원료공급율과 스크린 구멍크기가 분쇄량과 분쇄정도에 5% 수준에서 유의성 있는 영향을 미쳤다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2002

Recently, domestic waste landfills are constructed sometimes on seashore area to provide large landfill area. In order to strengthen the foundation of landfills and to prevent the infiltration of leachate through the bottom, many cases of constructing cement hardened liners on seashore clays are found. In these cases, it is possible to have cracks in the hardened liners due to settlement with waste load since the stiffness of the hardened liner Is greater than that of clay liners. In this study, the capability of Self-Sealing and Self-Healing (SSSH) liner made with a seashore clay in the metropolitan landfill to prevent the percolation of water and leachate is examined using flexible-wall permeameter test and using uniaxial compression test. Applicability of SSSH to weathered granitic soil is also examined for self-sealing capabilities. The result of Flexible permeameter test for SSSH with the seashore clay showed that permeability obtained was lower than permeability criteria of Korean waste management law. The permeability and strength characteristics of SSSH with granitic soil and bentonite showed better results than with the seashore clay.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.17 no.2 s.67
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• pp.152-164
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• 2007

Recently as increasing the amounts of cargoes and passengers, it is necessary to improving railway capacity and speed. So the constructions of improving the existing railway line have been advanced. Sometimes the new railway tunnel is built to adjacent the existing railway line. Furthermore the new tunnel might be built near the existing facility within the tunnel width. In this case, it should be analyzed the influence of existing tunnel and if it is necessary, it should be taken the appropriate counterplan. The major analysis contents are follows. One is the influence on the existing tunnel by a blasting and train vibration and the other is stability problem of the existing tunnel by excavation of new tunnel. Therefore, we peformed the following analysis. Refer to a domestic and foreign standard and paper, the permitting level of blasting vibration is decided and the excavation plan of the new tunnel are designed. The numerical analysis is performed about the stability of the existing tunnel and new tunnel. The influence of the train vibration on tunnel is analyzed by the empirical equation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.258-258
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• 2022

물넘이 형식에는 수문과 밸브로 조절할 수 있는 조절형식, 개수로 및 관수로 형식의 자연적으로 수위조절이 되는 비조절형식, 레버린스(Labyrinth), 피아노건반(Piano Key Weir), 사이펀(Siphon) 등의 특수형식으로 구분할 수 있다. 이 중에서 피아노건반 물넘이는 레버린스 물넘이를 피아노건반 모양으로 개량한 것으로 2003년 알제리 Biska 대학의 Quamane 교수에 의해 제안되었다. 제한된 물넘이 폭에 물넘이의 길이를 연장하여 방류능력을 증가시키는 효과를 나타내는 물넘이 형식으로 여수로의 월류수심을 낮게 유지하면서 방류량을 증가시킬 수 있다. 피아노건반 물넘이는 2006년에 프랑스에서 최초로 적용되었으며, 현재까지 약 30여 지역(프랑스, 베트남, 호주 등)의 댐에 적용되었다. 본 연구에서는 국내 저수지를 대상으로 여수로에 피아노건반 물넘이를 적용하여 방류능력과 수리적 안정성 검토를 위해 농어촌연구원 국제융합수리시험센터에서 수리모형실험을 수행하였다. 농어촌연구원은 2018년도에 기존 수리모형실험 시설을 확장하여 가로 250m, 세로 102m의 국내 최대규모의 실내 수리모형실험 시설을 준공하였고, 대형유사순환수로, 고정식 급경사수로, PIV 전용실험수로 등 기능별 7종의 실험수로를 갖추고 있다. 수리실험은 Froude 상사에 의한 축척을 적용하여 모형을 제작하였고, 기존의 수리시설과 하류하천까지 포함하여 70m(L)×20(B)×2m(H) 규모이다. 실험은 유량을 다양하게 변화시키면서 수위-방류량을 검토하였고, PMF 홍수위에서 방류량이 배제 가능한지 검토하였다. 또한, 물넘이의 안정성 검토를 위한 접근유속을 게측하였고, 물넘이를 통해 월류하는 흐름의 유황을 분석하여 수리학적으로 안정한 흐름이 발생하는지 검토하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 1989

In this paper, the authors describe on the field experiment of the newly designed actual stow net, standing on the result of the model experiment to examine the performance of the conventional net and the newly designed net, presented in two previous reports of this series. Concurrently the additional experiment to find out the possibility of changing of operating system from the side to the stern was carried out. 1. Fundamental shape of the experimented net was 20 times aslarge asthe newly designed model net. Performance of the net was detected by using two ultrasonic echo sounders: one was set downward at the top-most spreader of the shearing device to detect the opening height of the device from the sea bed, and the other sidewise at the starboard top-most spreader to detect the top-most opening width of the devices. Opening height of the newly designed net showed about 3m smaller than the conventional net at slow current of 0.6m/sec and less but it overcome 1m at speedy current of 0.8m/sec and more. Opening width of the newly designed net was 1.4 times as large as that of the conventional net, ant the front projection area of the newly designed net mouth was estimated as 1.3~1.6 times as large as that of the conventional net. 2. The experiment on the stern operating system was tightly limited by the structure of the ship employed in the experiment, which was a stern trawler of 2275 GT. The ship confronted by the wind with main anchor, while the net was put over the stern slipway and the hauling line of shearing device was operated through the top rollers of gallows. The experiment was very suggestive in the view point to mechanize the operating system, and so to decrease the man power except the following question. The of bow-stern line of ship, and that of net is much different.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.305-312
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• 2007

It is crucial to develop a miniaturized cultivation method for large and rapid screening of high-yielding mutants of monacolin-K, a powerful anti-hypercholesterolemic secondary metabolite biosynthesized by the fungal cells of Monascus ruber. In order to investigate as many strains as possible in a short time, a miniaturized fermentation method especially suitable for the cultivation of the filamentous Monascus mutants was developed using $50m{\ell}$ culture-tube ($7m{\ell}$ of working volume) instead of the traditional $250m{\ell}$ flask ($50m{\ell}$ of working volume). Generally, in filamentous fungal cell fermentations, morphologies in growth and production cultures should be maintained as thick filamentous and compact-pelleted (usually less than 1 mm in diameter) forms, respectively, for enhanced production of secondary metabolites in final production cultures. In this study, we intended to induce the respective optimal morphologies in the miniaturized culture system for the purpose of rapid screening of overproducers. Miniaturized growth culture system was successfully developed due to the mass production of spores in the statistically optimized solid medium. When large amounts of spores were inoculated into the growth cultures, and brown rice flour (20 g/L) was also supplemented to the growth medium, dense filamentous morphologies were successfully induced in the growth cultures performed with the 50 ml culture tubes. It was implied that the amounts of spores inoculated into the growth tube-cultures and the growth medium components should be the key factors for the induction of the filamentous forms in the growth fermentations. Furthermore, in order to statistically optimize production medium, multiple experiments based on Plackett-Burman design and response surface method (RSM) were carried out, resulting in more than 2 fold enhanced production of monacolin-K in the final production cultures with the optimized production medium. Notably, under the production culture conditions with the statistically optimized medium, optimal pellet sizes below 1 mm in diameter were reproducibly induced, in contrast to the thick and viscous filamentous morphologies observed in the previous production cultures.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 1989

This experiment was conducted to find out the effect of soil improvement on the changes of soil physical properties and the silage yield of corn in the newly-reclaimed sloped land. Corn (Suweon 19) was cultivated under the six different treatments at Songjeong loam, 20 percent slope, during 1985 to 1987 and various soil physical properties and silage yield were investigated. Growing Degree Days of corn during the growing season were $820.6^{\circ}C$ in 1985, $810.2^{\circ}C$ in 1986, and $812.4^{\circ}C$ in 1987. The changes of soil bulk density were high variances by different treatments in 1st year, but sluggish in 2nd year. In 3rd year, the control plot was the highest, but the integrated improvement plot was the lowest than the other plots. Soil hardness was reduced in subsoiling and integrated improvement plot with deep plowing, and water stable aggregates and air permeability were higher in these plots. Moisture retention was no differences between treatments. Dry matter yield of corn was decreased in the 2nd year than the 1st year, but increased in the 3rd year. Increasing ratio of yield was in the order of integrated improvement > subsoiling > lime > phosphate > compost > control plot. Correlation among the dry matter yield and soil physical properties were significant at 1%, but moisture retention of soil was not significant at 5%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.106-116
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• 2001

A serious of studies on the fishing gear and system of the East Sea trawl fishery was carried out to improve the fishing efficiency and the working conditions. As the first step of these studies, the fishing gear and system of the traditional East Sea trawl were checked in order to solve the some problems, such as the poor sheering efficiency of net mouth, the inconvenient fishing system of the side trawl and etc. And then the fishing system was reorganized from the side trawl into the stern trawl by setting up the net drum system on the stern deck, and introduction of two types of new designed nets, one for mainly the midwater trawl and the other for the bottom trawl. The results of the field experiment on the modified system and nets can be summarized as follows : 1. the modified system was well worked and could save the man-labour by about 80%. 2. The sheering efficiency of the improved net, A type was improved to 20 m height and 30 m width in the net mouth, and that of B type net, to 10 m height and 33 m width, compared with 1.5 m height and 15 m width in the traditional net. 3. Catch efficiency of pink shrimp in A or B type net was better about 3 or 5 times than that of traditional net, and in B net, for herring and other bottom fishes is better about 2 times than that of the traditional net.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 2021

In order to expand facility agriculture and reduce greenhouse construction costs in reclaimed land, a greenhouse foundation method that satisfies economic feasibility and structural safety at the same time is required. As an alternative, the allowable bearing capacity and settlement were reviewed when the DCM(Deep cement mixing) method was applied among the soft ground reinforcement methods. To examine the applicability of the greenhouse foundation, the allowable bearing capacity and settlement were calculated by applying the theory of Terzaghi, Meyerhof, Hansen, and Schmertmann. In case of the diameter of 800mm and the width and length of the foundation of 4m, the allowable bearing capacity was 179kN/m² and the settlement was 7.25mm, which satisfies the required bearing capacity and settlement standards. The calculation results were verified through FEM(Finite element method) analysis using the Mohr-Coulomb material model. The allowable bearing capacity was 169kN/m² and the settlement was 2.52mm. The bearing capacity showed an error of 5.6% compared to calculated value, and the settlement showed and error of 65.4%. Through theoretical calculations and FEM analysis, it was confirmed that the allowable bearing capacity and settlement satisfies the design criteria as a greenhouse foundation when the width and length of the foundation were 4m. Based on the verified design values, it is expected to be able to present the foundation design criteria for greenhouses through empirical tests such as bearing capacity tests and long-term settlement monitoring.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 1976

This study was conducted to test the harvesting operation of two kinds of rice varieties such as Milyang #15 and Tong-il with a imported two furrow Japanese combine and was performed to find out the operational accuracy of it, the adaptability of this machine, and the feasibility of supplying this machine to rural area in Korea. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows; 1. The harvesting test of the Milyang #15 was carried out 5 times from the optimum harvesting operation was good regardless of its maturity. The field grain loss ratio and the rate of unthreshed paddy were all about 1 percent. 2. The field grain loss of Tong-il harvested was increased from 5.13% to 10.34% along its maturity as shown in Fig 1. In considering this, it was needed that the combine mechanism should be improved mechanically for harvesting of Tong-il rice variety. 3. The rate of unthreshed paddy of Tong-il rice variety of which stem was short was average 1.6 percent, because the sample combine used in this study was developed on basisof the long stem variety in Japan, therefore some ears owing to the uneven stem of Tong-il rice could nat reach the teeth of the threshing drum. 4. The cracking rates of brown rice depending mostly upon the revolution speed of the threshing drum(240-350 rpm) in harvesting of Tong-il and Milyang #15 were all below 1 percent, and there was no significance between two varieties. 5. Since the ears of Tong-il rice variety covered with its leaves, a lots of trashes was produced, especially when threshed in raw materials, and the cleaning and the trashout mechanisms were clogged with those trashes very often, and so these two mechanisms were needed for being improved. 6. The sample combine of which track pressure was $0.19kg/cm^2$ could drive on the soft ground of which sinking was even 25cm as shown in Fig 3. But in considering the reaping height adjustment, 5cm sinking may be afford to drive the combine on the irregular sinking level ground without any readjustment of the resaping height. 7. The harvesting expenses per ha. by the sample combine of which annual coverage area is 4.7 ha. under conditions that the yearly workable days is 40, percentage of days being good for harvesting operation is 60%, field efficiency is 56%, working speed is 0.273m/sec, and daily workable hours is 8 hrs is reasonable to spread this combine to rural area in Korea, comparing to the expenses by the conventional harvesting expenses, if mechanical improvement is supplemented so as to harvest Tong-il rice. 8. In order to harvest Tong-il rice, the two furrow combine should be needed some mechanical improvements that divider can control not to touch ears of paddy, the space between the feeding chain and the thrshing drum is reduced, trash treatment apparatus must be improved, fore and rear adjust-interval is enlarged, and width of track must be enlarged so as to drive on the soft ground.