• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.138-145
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• 2020

This study was conducted to identify the structural performance of the opening in a location close to the support point in the perforated beam system of steel beams. In addition, structural performance was determined through experiments on reinforced openings using vertical and horizontal steel plates. In the steel simple beam, it was found that the opening was in a position closer to the support point, half the height of the steel beam (D/2), which was more appropriate than the height of the steel beam (D). In addition, the reinforcement effect of horizontal steel plate was greater than that of vertical steel plate reinforcement. Structural performance was improved when there was no gap between openings and steel plates.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.242-248
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• 2015

Maximum mouth opening is regarded as an important tool used to evaluate the clinical function of temporomandibular joint and the masticatory system. It has been reported that children can also exhibit severe dysfunction or pain in some cases of temporomandibular disorder. The purpose of this study was to measure the normal maximum mouth opening in Korean children and to analyze the correlations between mouth opening and the associated factors. Maximum mouth opening was measured from 151 healthy children between the ages of 2 and 6 years old. Age, height, weight, and mouth width were also recorded. As a result, the mean maximum mouth-opening was $37.72{\pm}5.10mm$. While the values were greater in boys than in girls without statistical significance, the increases of maximum mouth opening based on age, height, weight, and mouth width were significant (p < 0.05). In children, positive correlation coefficients were observed between maximum mouth opening and the associated factors and height showed the highest correlation. In conclusion, we collected data of the normal range of maximum mouth opening in Korean children, and this study can be utilized as a basis in diagnosing pediatric temporomandibular disorder and safety standard of mouth opening during dental procedures.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.470-477
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• 2017

As a method of the transmission efficiency improvement of an aperture smaller than the wavelength, we modified the conventional H-shaped resonant aperture to lower the resonance frequency of resonant aperture, and the transmission efficiency of resonant aperture was improved more than the conventional aperture. The maximum transmission cross section(TCS) calculated using the equivalent circuit tends to be almost equal to the maximum TCS from the small resonant aperture modified to improve the transmission efficiency. The transmission characteristics of resonant apertures can be quantified as the TCS, and the transmission efficiency of that can be compared. The modified resonant aperture has a maximum TCS increased by about 2.87 times from $846mm^2$ to $2,431mm^2$ compared to the H-shaped aperture, and the resonant frequency decreased from 5.06 GHz to 2.92 GHz, and the length-to-wavelength ratio of the aperture was reduced from 0.178 to 0.103.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.109-118
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• 2005

A concrete shear wall system is commonly adopted in high-rise residential apartment buildings. In the construction stage, a rectangular opening is often made for the convenience of horizontal movement of workers, and construction materials and equipment. In the case of safety or stability assessment of a shear wall, the cutout part can be a critical factor. Finite element method is adopted to investigate the elastic stability behavior of the perforated unit shear wall. The key analysis parameters are the cutout location and its size. The effect of out-of-plane bending and horizontal shear are also examined in the stability analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.261-267
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• 2020

This study used a real-scale model experiment to reproduce internal fires in residential buildings such as a multi-dwelling unit, in order to prevent damage caused by tens of thousands of fires witnessed each year and to take measures to cope with them. For experimental conditions, different opening sizes were applied to measure and analyze the heating temperature of the exterior wall. Results drawn are as following: when the experiment was conducted with opening sizes(horizontal length) each at 2,000mm, 1,600mm, and 1,400mm, the flashover occurred at 630 seconds, 505 seconds and 510 seconds, respectively. Also, the total heating time, in proportion to this, came to 815 seconds, 713 seconds and 721 seconds. The maximum heating temperature of the exterior wall by the opening size reached 282.4℃ at 2,000mm, 382.9℃ at 1,600mm, and 423.8℃ at 1,400mm. This represented that as the opening size gets smaller, the heating temperature of the exterior wall by fire spread becomes higher.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.921-932
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• 2016

In this paper, a modified FSA(Frequency Scaling Algorithm) is proposed for KOMPSAT-5 high-resolution SAR image generation. In order to enhance performance of azimuth compression, degraded in sub-aperture processing due to the imperfect geometric parameter of data acquisition, the full-aperture signal processing algorithm is designed based on the exact time-frequency analysis. In addition, an azimuth scaling function is newly devised to make the full-aperture processing algorithm suitable for KOMPSAT-5 sliding-spotlight mode. Different from the previous sub-aperture FSA schemes, the suggested technique could accommodate the merit of unified signal processing structure regardless of operational modes of KOMPSAT-5. Through the point target simulation, it is verified that the suggested algorithm provides superior performance of azimuth compression over the existing full-aperture processing methods. The experimental results using real data acquired by KOMPSAT-5 are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our scheme as well.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.427-435
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• 2010

One of the most vulnerable properties in concrete is tensile cracking, which usually happens at early ages due to hydration heat and shrinkage. In order to accurately predict the early age cracking, it needs to find out how stress-crack opening relation is varying over time. In this study, inverse analyses were performed with the existing experimental data for wedge-splitting tests, and the parameters of the softening curve for the stress-crack opening relation were determined from the best fits of the measured load-CMOD curves. Based on the optimized softening curve, variation of fracture energy over time was first examined, and a model for the stress-crack opening relation at early ages was suggested considering the found feature of the fracture energy. The model was verified by comparisons of the peak loads, CMODs at peak loads, and fracture energies obtained from the experiments and the inverse analysis.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.237-249
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• 2002

The wall system that is composed only of reinforced concrete walls and slabs is adopted on many high-rise apartment buildings recently constructed. In the apartment buildings, a shear wall may have one or mote openings for functional reasons. Many researches on the analysis of shear wall with openings were performed. But, some restrictions prevent those research results being applied to practical analysis and design procedure. It is necessary to use subdivided finite elements lot accurate analysis of the wall system with openings. But it would cost tremendous amount of analysis time and computer memory if the entire building structure is subdivided into a finer mesh. An efficient analysis method which can be used regardless of the number, size and location of openings is proposed in this study. The analysis method uses super element, matrix condensation technique and fictitious beam technique. Analyses of example structures having various types of openings were performed to verify the efficiency of proposed method. It was confirmed that the proposed method have outstanding accuracy with drastically reduced time and computer memory from the analyses of example structures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.347-348
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• 2001

마이크로스트립 안테나가 가지는 가장 큰 단점인 협대역 특성을 개선하기 위해 그 동안 수많은 연 구와 방법들이 제안되었는데 특히 원형편파 안테나는 임피던스 대역폭 외에 축비 대역폭까지도 고려 되어야 하므로 더욱 심화된 협대역의 특성을 가지게 되어 설계에 많은 어려움이 있었다. 일반적으로 원형편파 마이크로스트립 안테나를 설계하는 방법 중 급전 구조면에서는 크게 단일 급전 방식과 하이 브리드 형태의 급전방식이 있다. 단일 급전 방식의 원형편파 안테나는 구조가 간단하고y 제작이 간편 하며, 안테나의 물리적 크기를 줄일 수 있어 배열시 장점이 있으나 구조의 특성상 협대역의 축비 대역 폭을 가지며I 하이브리드 급전 원형편파 안테나는 구조가 복잡하고, 제작이 어려우며, 안테나의 물리적 크기가 커진다는 단점이 있으나 광대역의 축비 대역폭을 가진다. 따라서 원형편파 안테나의 설계시 축 비 대역폭과 안테나의 물리적 크기 간의 trade-off를 고려하여야한다. 최근에는 이를 고려한 단일 급전 을 이용하면서도 개선된 축비특성올 얻을 수 있도록 십자개구 개구를 통해 두 개의 직교 모드를 방사 패치에 급전하는 구조가 제안되기도 하였다. 하지만 이는 일반적인 단일 급전 방식보다 개선된 축비 대역폭을 얻을 수 있었으나 중심주파수에서 2.5%에 불과하였다. 본 논문에서는 단일 급전 십자개구 결합 방식이 가지는 협대역의 축비 대역폭을 개선하기 위해 단 일 급전으로 하이브리드 급전의 효과를 가져올 수 있는 직렬 급전 십자개구 결합 마이크로스트립 안 테나를 제안하였으며, 기존에 발표된 단일 급전 십자개구 결합 안테나와의 축비 대역폭, 이득, 방사패 턴, 그리고 임피던스 대역폭 둥과 비교하여 개선된 특성을 제시하고 제안된 안테나의 타당성을 보였 다. 실제로 2.4GHz의 주파수에서 제안한 직렬 급전 십자개구 결합 단일 마이크로스트립 안테나의 측 정결과 기존에 연구된 안테나보다 약 2배정도 증가된 4.6%의 축비 대역폭, 10%의 임피던스 대역폭 (VSWR<1.5), 그리고 8.2dBi의 최대이득 특성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이를 바탕으로 시권셜 로테이션 기법올 사용한 $2\times2$ 배열 안테나는 17.5%의 축비 대역폭, 20.8%의 임피던스 대역폭(VSWR<1.5), 그리 고 12.5dBi의 최대이득을 얻을 수 있었다. 이에 해당하는 제안된 단일 안태나와 $2\times2$ 배열 안테나의 구조, 측정된 축비 대역폭 및 이득특성, 그리고 입력 반사손실을 그림 I, 2, 3에 각각 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.1647-1652
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• 2011

This paper presents the shielding effectiveness for the IEC 61000-2-9 standard when HEMP source penetrates through an aperture in a planar conducting plane of infinite extent. An integral equation is derived and solved by applying Galerkin's method of moments for calculating the electric shielding effectiveness. The electric shielding effectiveness is examined based on changing the aperture length and width. It is shown that the electric shielding effectiveness is suddenly decreases as the aperture width of 0.4 ~ 0.45${\lambda}$. It is also found that the penetrated electric field for the IEC 61000-2-9 incident field is different from the Bell Laboratory incident field, but the frequency characteristic of the electric shielding effectiveness becomes the same shape.