• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.188-196
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• 2006

Annual reproductive cycle of small yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis were histologically investigated based on samples captured nearby the coast around Chujado, Youngkwang and Kanghwa, South Korea from February $2004{\sim}February$,2005. By histological survey, the annual reproductive cycle was classified into the following successive stages: The primary growth stage from September to October, the second growth stage from October to December, the mature stage from January to April, the final mature, ovulation and spawning stage from May to June, the degeneration stage from June to July and the rest stage from August to September. Throughout anatomical observation of the ovary, it is found that the small yellow croaker, L. polyactis belongs to an asynchronous and multiple spawner from late spring to early summer.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1970

1. Kum Nam Poong which is highly susceptible to bacterial leaf blight was used as the host plant throughout this experiment. Xanthomonas oryzae 6526 was inoculated on the top of upper leaves by single needle inoculation method. After 14 days, the enlarged spots were examined in the experimental pots. Each of 3 levels of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium pots were arranged at random with three replications. 2. The amounts of nitrogen fertilizer applied and the lesion development of bacterial leaf blight were positively correlated regardless of application of phosphate and potassium fertilizers. 3. The effect of phosphate fertilizer on the lesion development was not significantly different from standard level. The lesion development was stimulated when the amount of phosphate fertilizer was increased as twice as standard level. 4. The inhibitory effect of potassium fertilizer on leaf blight was maximum by applying standard level. The stimulative effect of potassium fertilizer on the lesion development, however, was noticed. when potassium fertilizer applied was increased as twice as the standard level. 5. The heading date and spike number of rice plant were significantly correlated with the lesion development, and such phenomena were depended on the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied regardless of the other fertilizers applied in this experiment.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 1972

The morphological and fine structural changes during the oogensis of Clonorchis sinensis were studied on the developing ovums in the ovary and ootype with electron microscope. Adult worms were removed from the hepar of the which and previously infected with metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis. The ovary including the Mehlis' glands and an ootype from adult worm was prefixed for 1-2 hours in 1.25% glutaraldehyde buffered with 0.2M cacodylate at PH 7.2, secondarily fixed for 30 minutes in potassium bicromate and postfixed for an hour in 1% osmic acid buffered with 0.4M cacodylate at PH 7.2. After fixation tissues were dehydrated in an alcohol series, embedded in Epon 812 from propylene oxide and stained with saturated uranyl acetate and $Pn(NO_3)_2$ solution. Material was examined with a Hitachi HS-7S electron microscope. The periphery of the ovary, except for the posterior region, is made up of oogonia. As the oogonia divide they proliferate primary oocytes toward the central part of the ovary. After a period of growth the primary oocyte leaves the ovary and is penetrated by a sperm in the ootype. Sperm penetration immediately activates the primary oocyte to resume its meiotic activity. After the oocytes meiotic activity is completed, the pronuclei fuse to form a single cleavage nucleus which possesses two nucleoli. As the oocytes develop their cytoplamic materials are abundant; small mitochondria are abundant and often their profiles are more unmerous in one part of the cytoplasm than elsewhere; the granular endoplasmic reticulum becomes alveolar-sac form after it leaves the ovary it becomes stratified form. The reticulate Golgi apparatus is apparent in the developed oocyte. A little of cortical granules are distributed inside of the plasma membrane I oogonia and large quantity of cortical granules are arranged just inside of the plasma membrane of the primary oocyte and after fertilization they are disappeared with broken out.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.276-296
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• 1990

This study attempts to investigate several enteroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal epithelia of the Korean snakes (Dinodon rufozonatum rufozonotum Rhabdophis tigrina tigrina, Enhydris rufodorsata, Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus, Agkistrodon saxatilis, Agkistodon calginosus). For a light-microscopical examination of immunocytochemistry, the paraffin sections (5 $\mu$ m) of tissue specimens taken from the various parts of the gastrointestinal tract were stained immunocytochemically by PAP procedure with 10 antisera. The frequency of enteroendocrine cells per unit area (mm$^2$) of each mucosa were counted and the shapes of the cells were observed. In Dinodon rufozonatum rufozonatum, Rhobdophis tigrina tigrina, Enhydris rufodorsata, Agkistrodon saxatilis and Agkistrodon caliginosus, cholecystokinin (CCK)-8, gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and serotonin cells were observed. But the freuqency of these immunoreactive cells differ trom each portion of gastrointestinal tracts of all species, respectively. In Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus, CCK-8, gastrin and serotonin cells were observed. CCK-8 and serotonin cells were found in whole gastrointestinal tracts and gastrin cells were observed in pylorus and mucosa of small intestine. The frequency of these cells was different from each portion. The shapes of CCK-8, gastrin, PP and serotonin cells were pyramidal or oval and closed type in stomach. A large number of these cells were spindle in shape and open type in small intestine and anterior pant of large intestine, whereas some cells were closed type. In posterior part of large intestine and rectum, these cells were oval in shape and closed type.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.375-382
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• 2007

The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor is composed of a lenslet array generating the spot images from which local slope is calculated and overall wavefront is measured. Generally the principle of wavefront reconstruction is that the spot centroid of each lenslet array is calculated from pixel intensity values in its subaperture, and then overall wavefront is reconstructed by the local slope of the wavefront obtained by deviations from reference positions. Hence the spot image of each lenslet array has to remain in its subaperture for exact measurement of the wavefront. However the spot of each lenslet array deviates from its subaperture area when a wavefront with large local slopes enters the Shack-Hartmann sensor. In this research, we propose a spot image searching method that finds the area of each measured spot image flexibly and determines the centroid of each spot in its area Also the algorithms that match these centroids to their reference points unequivocally, even if some of them are situated off the allocated subaperture, are proposed. Finally we verify the proposed algorithm with the test of a defocus measurement through experimental setup for the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. It has been shown that the proposed algorithm can expand the dynamic range without additional devices.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.413-420
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• 2012

In this study, the Kernel integration scheme for 2D linear elastic direct boundary element method has been discussed on the basis of subparametric element. Usually, the isoparametric based boundary element uses same polynomial order in the both basis function and mapping function. On the other hand, the order of mapping function is lower than the order of basis function to define displacement field when the subparametric concept is used. While the logarithmic numerical integration is generally used to calculate Kernel integration as well as Cauchy principal value approach, new formulation has been derived to improve the accuracy of numerical solution by algebraic modification. The subparametric based direct boundary element has been applied to 2D elliptical partial differential equation, especially for plane stress/strain problems, to demonstrate whether the proposed algebraic expression for integration of singular Kernel function is robust and accurate. The problems including cantilever beam and square plate with a cutout have been tested since those are typical examples of simple connected and multi connected region cases. It is noted that the number of DOFs has been drastically reduced to keep same degree of accuracy in comparison with the conventional isoparametric based BEM. It is expected that the subparametric based BEM associated with singular Kernel function integration scheme may be extended to not only subparametric high order boundary element but also subparametric high order dual boundary element.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.425-429
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• 2014

Two dogs were presented with a history of anorexia, respiratory distress, or epistaxis. On physical examination, the dogs showed difficulty breathing and open-mouth breathing and large masses were found on the hard palate and soft palate. Cardiac arrest happened in case 2 and the dog was stabilized with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and oxygen therapy. Computed tomography demonstrated that the mass occupied the oropharynx, intrapharyngeal ostium, and laryngopharynx including the hard palate and soft palate in case 1. Palliative surgery was decided to improve swallowing and breathing with owner's consent in two dogs. Buccal mucosal flaps were performed for reconstruction of defects using rotational and single-pedicle advancement flaps and bilateral 90 degree transposition flaps in cases 1 and 2, respectively. Histopathology results described the oral masses as amelanotic melanoma in two dogs. The owners reported that there was normal swallowing and breathing at 7 days postoperatively in two dogs. In case 1, recurrent tumor was identified caudal to the hard palate 4 weeks after surgery. The owner did not allow further treatment and the dog became lost to follow-up at 2 months postoperatively. In case 2, there was no clinical or radiographic evidence of a local recurrence or distant metastasis at 3 weeks after surgery. The owner informed that the dog died suddenly with no signs of anything particularly wrong at 7 weeks after surgery.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.350-359
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• 2001

목적 - 근관형성시 근관내 상아질벽에는 항상 도말층(smear layer)이 형성되는데, 이는 상아질, 치수조직 잔사, 조상아세포 돌기, 때로는 미생물 등으로 구성되며, 주사전자현미경상으로는 비규칙적이며, 무정형의 구상(granular)구조물로 관찰된다. 본 연구에서는 도말층의 유무에 따른 혐기성 미생물, Prevotella nigrescens의 근관내 상아질 부착정도를 주사전자현미경으로 평가하고자 한다. 지금까지 사용되었던 실험방법에 비하여 보다 임상적 환경에 가까운 실험방법을 고안, 신빙성 있는 연구결과를 기대할 수 있도록 하였다. 방법 - 치주질환이나 외상 등의 원인으로 발거된 상, 하악 전치 18개를 사용하였다. 각 치아의 치관부를 백악법랑경계부위에서 절단하고, 1군(5개치아)은 10ml의 생리식 염수를, 2군(5개치아)과 3군(5개치아)은 10ml의 3.5% NaOCl을 근관관주용액으로 사용하여 근관형성을 하였다. 근관형성 완료후 1군과 2군은 10ml의 생리식염수로, 3군은 10ml의 0.5M EDTA용액으로 final flush를 시행하여, 3군의 도말층을 제거하였다. 치근수직절단과 ethylene oxide(EO) gas 소독후 1, 2, 3군의 시편(각군10개시편)을 Prevotella nigrescens가 부유된 Brain Heart Infusion with Yeast estract, Hemin and Menadione(BHIYHM) broth내에 37$^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 동안 incubation했다. 4, 5, 6군은 실험과정을 검증하기 위한 대조군으로써, 4군(1개치아)과 5군(1개치아)은 1군, 2군과 같이 각각 생리식염수와 NaOCl만을 이용한 근관형성으로 도말층을 잔존시키고, 6군(1개치아)은 3군과 같이 NaOCl과 EDTA를 적용하여 도말층을 제거한 후, 치근 수직절단과 EO gas 소독을 시행했다. 모든 시편(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6군)을 통상의 방법에 따라 처리한 후 주사전자현미경을 통하여 관찰, 근관내면에 부착되어 있는 Prevotella nigrescens의 개수, 모양, 상아세관 및 도말층과의 관계 등을 관찰, 비교, 분석하였다. 결과는 t-test와 one-way ANOVA를 통하여 통계처리 하였다. 결론 - 1. 근관형성 후 근관내 상아질 표면 전체는 도말층으로 덮여 있는 양상을 보였다. 2. 3.5% NaOCl과 0.5M EDTA를 적용하여 근관내 도말층을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있었으며, 상아세관 개구부가 확연히 노출되어 있는 소견을 관찰할 수 있었다. 3. 도말층이 덮인군에서 미생물의 부착이 유의성 있게 높았다(P<0.05). 4. 근관 형성중 형성되어 근관 상아질을 덮고 있는 도말층이 미생물의 부착을 증가시켜, 근관 재감염의 기회를 증가시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1979

As a preliminary study to estimate the amount of daily calcium intake of Korean people, the present study was conducted investigating the kinds and amount of food among ordinary Korean food considered to be sources of calcium. The author sampled arbitrarily a total of 165 apartment households in Pusan City which were distributed in seven administration sections. Duration of this study was eight months, from June, 1975 to February, 1976. During summer vacation in this period twenty trained students visited these households where they measured the calcium source food at dinner, and three times this amount was regarded as the total daily intake. Also questionairs itemizing the various kinds of food which were considered to be sources of calcium were given to housewives and collected about two months later. The results are summarized as follows: The major sources of calcium food were milk and anchovy, and the total calcium content taken daily was an average 195.06 mg which was far smaller than the recommended standard. Cooking methods varied according to the kinds of food; for anchovy, the boiled water extract or the part remaining after removing bone and head was used, and for chopped cattle bone, the broth from boiling foe 5 to 6 hours was used. For boiled water extract, during extraction the amount of calcium was increased in the water but smaller than foe fresh anchovy. It is, therefore, desirable to cook and eat edible fish bone instead of discarding it after extraction. The amount of calcium of shrimp and whitebait consumed was considerably less than that of milk or anchovy. Most housewives, about 71%, discarded fish bones which contained a lot of calium before or after cooking them. So, it was considered necessary to find a good method of preparing fish so that it can be eaten palatably together with the bones.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2004

They are raising the necessity to prepare the conservational management strategy for the trail on the ridge of the Baekdudaegan where deterioration of natural environment along the trail as the rapid increase of visitors to the Baekdudaegan. The purpose of this study, followed after the Kwon and Lee(2003), is to research the deterioration condition of the trail between Namdeogyusan and Sosagogae on the Baekdudaegan. To accomplish the purpose, not only trail condition such as altitude, entire width, bare width, maximum depth and slope of trail, but also deterioration types of trail were surveyed at the total 182 points for 32.3km in length. Furthermore, impact rating class, which could be effective means to check the step and extent of deterioration process, was judged on each points of trail. Results informs us that the deterioration condition of the trail between Namdeogyusan and Sosagogae is not reached the level of grave concern yet, but some points and sections of trail are in urgent need of the integrated and organized maintenance. And some managerial strategies of trail were proposed in connection with the maintenance for trail on the Baekdudaegan ridge.