• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.491-500
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• 2007

Two experiments were used to determine the effects of environment-friendly diets on growth performance, fecal excretion, nitrogen excretion and emission gases in manure for growing pigs. In experiment 1, ninety six crossed pigs(Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc) were allocated into four treatments. Treatments were AME(adequate ME diet, 3,265 kcal/kg), LME(lower ME diet, 3,100 kcal/kg), LME 0.05(lower ME diet+α- galactosidase & β-mannanase 0.05%) and LME 0.10(lower ME diet+α-galactosidase & β-mannanase 0.10%). Pigs fed AME diet had lower ADFI(Average Daily Feed Intake) than pigs fed other diets(p<0.05). DM(Dry Matter) digestibility in pigs fed AME and LME 0.10 diets had greater than pigs fed LME diet(p<0.05). Energy digestibility is higher in pigs fed AME and LME 0.10 diets than other treatments(p<0.05). In experiment 2, twenty four crossbred pigs(33.71 kg average BW) were used in a 14-d metabolism experiment. The pigs were housed in individual cages equipped with plastic bed flooring. Treatments were CP(Crude protein) 18% without Bacillus sp., CP 18% diet+Bacillus sp. 0.05%, CP 14% without Bacillus sp. and CP 14% diet+Bacillus sp. 0.05%. Nitrogen intake was higher for CP 18% diets than CP 14% diets(p<0.05). DM, N(Nitrogen) and energy digestibility were affected by probiotics(p<0.05). With the high CP in diets, Energy and N digestibility, urine N percent, urine N excretion and total N excretion were increased significantly compared to low CP in diets(p<0.05). Among the treatments, DM and N digestibilities, feces N excretion, N absorption were decreased significantly(p<0.05), however, feces excretion, feces N, urine N percent, urine N excretion and total N excretion were increased significantly(p<0.05) when pigs fed without probiotics diets compare to pigs fed with probiotics diets. DM and N digestibility, feces excretion, feces N excretion, urine N percent, urine N excretion, total N excretion, N absorption and N adsorption ratio were CP×probiotic interactions in p<0.05. Ammonia(p<0.01) and H2S(p<0.05) in manure were lower in CP 14% diets than CP 18% diets. Also, ammonia and H2S in manure were CP×probiotic interactions in p<0.05. In conclusion, low energy and reduction of CP dietary added enzyme and probiotics improved nutrient digestibility and reduced odors emission in manure for growing pigs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.115-119
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• 2005

As the regulations on DBPs are tightened, many water treatment plants (WTPs) in Korea have already introduced or will introduce enhanced coagulation, alternative disinfectants and advanced treatments such as ozonization and granular activated carbon to improve drinking water qualify. After a phenol leakage accident at the Nakdong-River in 1991, 26 WIPs in Korea introduced carbon dioxide generators, but there has been no accumulation of significant operating data. This research summarizes things that should be considered for the introduction of carbon dioxide disinfection process to WTPs based on one year operation data from A WTP that has had high concentration of DBP during a specific period in the summer. The removal efficiency of DBP was $30{\sim}40%$, but those of 2-MIB, Geosmin were less than 10%. The generation rate of $ClO_2$ by-products such as chlorite and chlorate were $70{\sim}100%$ of input dosage, but the ratios increased over time. At the same time, strong chlorine odors may be produced in the distribution system when $ClO_2$ was used with $Cl_2$ as a result of reaction between the chlorite and residual chlorine.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.20
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• pp.89-103
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• 2007

The bedrock beneath the Chokseongnu pavilion consists of sandstone with alternate dark-gray to light-brown siltstone and dark-gray shale of the Jinju Formation, where bedding is well developed toward the Chokseongmun gate. Large to small joints and overbreak from the erosion weathering have been developed in the bedrock. Besides, water leakage from development of discontinuity planes, fragmentation of shale, crack and joint by tree roots are observed on the bedrock. While shale and siltstone showed high sensitivity in physical and chemical weathering, respectively, sandstone indicated the highest weathering sensitivity in both. As the results of structural stability analysis, the whole bedrock has high instability in wedge failures, and especially section No. II slope is more instable than section No. I. Therefore, it is necessary for the bedrock to be strengthened by improvement method for soft foundations and the surface reinforcement. The trees causing mechanical collapse of the bedrock should be also removed and a water flow prevention measure or a water exhaust are required.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2008

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent antihypertensive and vasodilator which plays an important role in regulating vascular tones. In this study, we investigated the effects of adventitious root extracts of wild ginseng on NO production and NO linked physiological activities. When human endothelial cell line (ECV304) was incubated with either water extracts of wild ginseng adventitious root (WE) or aqueous fraction of butanol extracts of wild ginseng adventitious root (ABE), considerable amounts of NO were released by the cells. The level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression was unchanged and about 6% of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was inhibited with treatment of ABE. The vasodilating activities of pulmonary artery rings in response to different doses of extracts were shown as 44.8% and 91.3% in 2.5 mg/ml WE and 0.1 mg/ml ABE, respectively. The blood pressure lowering effect was observed from the oral administered spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) with the lowest blood pressure (154.5${\pm}$8.6 mmHg) after 8 h. The blood pressure was recovered to the initial level after 24 h.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.172-177
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• 1971

The amount of the milk clotting enzyme which is produced by Dothiorella ribis in wheat bran was 950 Soxhlet units per gram of wheat bran. The milk clotting activity of this enzyme was increased by the elevation of clotting temperature and by the increase of the addition of $CaCl_2$ to milk. It was also increased when the pH of milk was lower than that of the fresh milk. When milk was diluted by distilled water, the milk clotting activity of the enzyme was decreased. And its milk clotting activity was good when milk was pasteurized at low temperature. The enzyme of Dothiorella ribis has larger proteolytic activity per Soxhlet unit than that of the milk clotting enzyme of Mucor pusillus Lindt. This enzyme was rather stable between pH 6 and pH 8 when it was conditioned for ten minutes. The heat stability of enzyme was tested by treating it under the condition for $10{\sim}60$ minutes. And the enzyme was stable under the temperature of $45^{\circ}C$. Also the recovery of protein as a form of curd was 76.2 percent to the total protein content of milk.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2021

In the last 5 years, a total of 567 accidents of operating vessels occurred under the influence of alcohol at sea, most of which occurred in fishing boats. Accidents caused by operating vessels under the influence of alcohol at sea are causing human and physical damages. There were 69 accidents caused by operating vessels under the influence of alcohol, leading to five deaths and one missing. The social damage due to operating vessels under the influence of alcohol is also increasing. Under the current law, punishment is given lightly compared to the seriousness of violation. In order to prevent the recurrence of accidents caused by operating vessels under the influence of alcohol, cases in Korea need to be analyzed. Regulations on the crackdown in foreign countries were compared to those in Korea and reviewed. In addition, risks of operating vessels under the influence of alcohol should be provided to ship workers while improving related laws and systems. In addition, efforts should be made to reduce the number of accidents due to operating vessels under the influence of alcohol by strengthening crackdowns on ships at sea so that accidents caused by operating vessels under the influence of alcohol could be prevented in advance in the future.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 1998

Kind 1 propeller shaft in ships is the shaft which is provided with effective measures against corrosion by sea water, or the shaft which is made of approved corrosion resistance materials. The propeller shaft other than specified above is Kind 2. Thus, this study is mainly concerned with the resistance to fatigue damage in sea water against stress concentrations due to the notches. The results obtained can be summarized as follows; (1) The stress increases with curing time, however, when the curing time reaches at 96 hours the stress becomes a constant value. The elongation decreases with curing time, however, when the curing time reaches at 48 hours the elongation becomes a constant value. Thus, in case of FRP coating on propeller shaft, it is necessary to cure for 48 hours at least. (2) The relation of $\sigma$$_n$-K$_t$ is to be classified into two parts, which is a part where fracture nominal stress, $\sigma$$_n$, decreases with increasing $K_t$, and a part where $\sigma$$_n$ is nearly constant independent of $K_t$. (3) According to a linear notch mechanics, the measure of severity controlling the fracture in notched FRP body is the notch root radius, $\rho$. The notched static strength of an arbitrary specimen will be estimated from $\sigma$$_{max}$ -1/$\rho$ curve. (4) Through the observation of cross section after fatigue test, the part of interface was kept good condition irrespective of loading conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.163-170
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• 2009

The purpose of this article is to measure the level of insurance industry's social cognition based on the university students' survey questionnaire. For this, this study analyzes the cognition of students on the level of social reliability, the causes of low reliability, and the measures of enhancing the reliability level about insurance industry. For the analysis of survey questionnaire, partially ranked data analysis was employed. The results show that most students recognize that the reliability of insurance industry is lower than that of other financial industry such as banks and securities firms. The main reason for this low reliability is the lack of sales forces' specialty, the complexity of insurance products and contracts, and negative media release about insurance industry. To enhance the social reliability level of insurance, establishment of the future insurance image is essential, and that can be achieved through strengthening the insurance education and public relations and simplifying insurance products and contracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.85-108
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• 2015

Personal Information Protection Act was first enacted in March, 2011, amended in September, 2011 and became effective. Nevertheless, the risk of interfering with personal information protection still remains, associated with collection, plagiarism, leakage, and even sales of personal information. The public libraries are not an exception. Accordingly, this study investigates the status of personal information protection in public libraries of Seoul and Gyeonggi province. Also, it tries to discover problems associated with the act and presents a model scheme to improve this situation. The scheme relates to (1) securing of a sufficient budget; (2) reinforcing professional education related to personal information; (3) developing detailed guidelines for public libraries.

• Korea lubricating oil industries association bulletin
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• no.18
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• pp.12-22
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• 1986

국내정유산업의 후방부문인 윤활유사업은 산업의 발전과 함께 국내 진출, 다국적석유기업에 의하여 원료 및 첨가제의 공급에 의한 단순생산과 마아케팅을 하여 국내시장을 지배하여 왔다. 또한 중화학공업의 발달과 함께 산업기계에 요구되는 윤활유제품도 다양화와 품질고급화로 시장구조가 점점 변화되고 있다. 국내윤활유총생산량중 65$\%$의 시장을 가지고 있는 고급윤활유시장은 4개 제조회사에 의하여 96$\%$의 시장을 유지하고 있다. 각 제조회사의 시장확대정책에 의하여 각대리점에 대한 유통경로의 관리가 중요 마아케팅전략음 되고 있는 실정이다. 제조회사의 대형 소비자에 대한 직매, 직영대리점, 일반대리점에 대한 유통기구중 많은 판매비중을 차지하고 있는 일반대리점에 대하여 4P를 기준하여 대리점측 입장에서 마아케팅 믹스를 분석하였다. 제조회사가 판매대리점에 취하는 마아케팅 전략중 직접적인 방법과 간접적인 방법이 시장관리에 나타나는 갈등정도를 가설로 설문지를 작성하여 6월 10일부터 6월 19일까지 경인지역은 조사원에 의한 직접방문과 지방은 등기우편에 의하여 50개 일반대리점에 송부하여 60$\%$의 회수율을 보였다. 응답자료를 통하여 제조회사의 직접적인 시장관리방법과 간접적인 시장관리방법을 사용시 일반대리점에 대한 갈등해소 정도를 상관분석을 통한 통계처리를 하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같은 사실을 얻을수 있었다. 제조회사가 일반대리점에 실시하는 직접적 또는 간접적인 시장관리는 일반대리점에 대하여 갈등해소에 커다란 작용을 하지 못한다. 따라서 제조회사는 유통경로에 대한 전략을 첫째, 일반대리점과 직영대리점과의 시장에 대한 마찰해소 둘때, 대리점에 대한 안정적인 판매이윤제공 셋째, 계획적인 판매대리점간 시장경쟁조정 넷째, R & D 투자강화로 제조회사 차원에서 공동으로 산학협동하여 첨가제 및 상표의 국내개발을 이루어 제품가격인하로 장기적인 시장개발이 요청된다는 결론을 얻었다.