• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2001

A numerical procedure is described for simultaneously predicting the wave exciting forces and drift forces on a Tension Leg Platform (TLP) in multi-directional irregular waves. The numerical approach is based on a three dimensional source distribution method to the wave exciting forces, a far-field method to the steady drift forces and a spectral analysis technique of directional waves. The spectral description for the linear system of TLP in the frequency domain is sufficient to completely define the wave exciting forces and steady drift forces. This is because both the wave inputs and the outputs are stationary Gaussian random process of which the statistical properties in the amplitude domain are well known. Numerical results of steady drift forces are compared with the experimental and numerical ones, which are obtained in the literature. The results of comparison confirmed the validity of the proposed approach.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.374-375
• /
• 2003

산업화에 따른 화석 연료의 연소, 기타 오염원에 의하여 생성되는 대류권의 에어로졸은 전 지구적인 평균값으로 볼 때, 약 -0.5 W/$m^2$의 복사강제력(radiative forcing)을 갖는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이러한 음의 복사강제력은 일산화탄소, 염화불화탄소, 메탄 등과 같은 온실기체에 의한 양의 복사강제력을 상쇄시키는 정도보다 더 클 수 있다고 추측되고 있어 지속적으로 관리가 필요한 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 국내에서 청정지역으로 꼽히고 있는 제주도 고산 측정소와 한라산 1100 고지 지역에서 에어로졸 시료를 채취하고, 고도에 따라 에어로졸 조성이 어느 정도 차이를 보이는지, 그리고 고도에 따라 에어로졸 성분의 특성이 어떻게 다른지를 비교하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.558-567
• /
• 2003

The regional dependency of cloud-radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere is studied using ERBE (Earth Radiation Budget Experiment), ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) and NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis data for 60 months from January 1985 to December 1989 over tropical ocean. In the interannual time scale, the dependency of cloud-radiative forcing on the sea surface temperature over the equatorial eastern Pacific ocean is about 7.4Wm$^{-2}$K$^{-1}$ for longwave radiation and about -4.4Wm$^{-2}$K$^{-1}$ for shortwave radiation, respectively. This shows that the net cloud-radiative forcing due to the increase of sea surface temperature over the equatorial eastern Pacific ocean heats the atmosphere. But the dependency is reversed over tropical oceans with -3.4Wm$^{-2}$K$^{-1}$ for longwave and 1.9WmWm$^{-2}$K$^{-1}$ for shortwave radiation, indicating that the net cloud-radiative forcing cools the atmosphere over tropical oceans. In raw data including seasonal cycle, the dependency of cloud-radiative forcing over the equatorial eastern Pacific ocean is very similar to that in interannual time scale in both the magnitude and the sign. But the dependency of cloud-radiative forcing on the sea surface temperature over tropical oceans is about 0.2Wm$^{-2}$K$^{-1}$ for longwave and 2.7Wm$^{-2}$K$^{-1}$ for shortwave radiation, respectively. These results represent that the role of seasonal cycle on the cloud radiative forcing is gradually more important than role of interannual time scale as the ocean area is broadening from the tropical central Pacific to the tropical ocean.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.283-291
• /
• 2013

This study investigates the changes in the atmosphere-ocean interactions over the South China Sea (SCS) by analyzing their variables in the period of 1979~2011 during the boreal summer (June-July-August). It is found that a simultaneous correlation coefficient between sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation over SCS during summer is significantly changed before and after the late-1990s. That is, the variation of precipitation over SCS is negatively (positively) correlated with the SST variations before (after) the late-1990s. Our further correlation analysis indicates that the atmospheric forcing of the SST is dominant before the late-1990s accompanying with wind-evaporation feedback and cloud-radiation feedback. After the late-1990s, in contrast, the SST forcing of the atmosphere through the latent heat flux from the ocean to the atmosphere is dominant. It is found that the change in the relationship of atmosphere-ocean interactions over SCS are associated with the changes in the relationship with Northeast Asian summer precipitation. In particular, a simultaneous correlation coefficient between the precipitation over SCS and Northeast Asia becomes stronger during after the late-1990s than before the late-1990s. We argue that the increase of the SST forcing of the atmosphere over SCS may lead a direct relationship of precipitation variations between SCS and Northeast Asia after the late-1990s.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.439-440
• /
• 2001

대기 중의 에어러솔 입자들은 직접적으로는 빛의 산란, 흡수 등 복사 평형에 영향을 미치며, 간접적으로는 구름 응결핵(CCN)으로 작용함으로써 알베도와 구름의 수명에 영향을 미치게 된다. 자연적인 에어러솔은 인위적 활동에 따른 황 화합물, 질소 화합물, 유기물. 매연 그리고 토양 먼지의 증가에 의해 사실상 교란되어 왔다. 인위적인 에어러솔에 의한 복사 강제력(radiative forcing)은 현재 전 지구적 평균이 -0.3~-3.5Wm$^{-2}$ 정도로 추정되며, 이것은 온실 기체에 의한 강제력인 +2.0~+2.8Wm$^{-2}$ 와 비교될 만 하다(IPCC, 1995). (중략)

• Korean journal of communication and information
• /
• v.69
• /
• pp.30-70
• /
• 2015

This paper is to show the relationship between power and communication. For this purpose, speech act theory has been introduced. Power is the capacity of some persons to produce intended effects on others. And the human being tries to get intended effects by perlocutionary acts through performing illocutionary acts, both of which belong to speech acts. Generally speaking, therefore, it can be said power is exercised through speech acts. Of course, in case of exercising physical force or violence, no speech act is needed. However, even violence is not totally unrelated with communication. Moreover, power other than violence is always in need of speech acts for its exercise. Including psychic force, power in general is in a close relationship with communication by mediation of speech acts. This paper, using speech act theory, attempts to examine that what is the relationship power and communication hold, that the exercise of power is the same as performing speech acts called perlocutionary acts, that the form of power is differentiated by kinds of illocutionary acts used for its exercise, and that morality of power is different according to illocutionary acts used for its exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.213-217
• /
• 2007

Pontoon type very large floating structure has been considered and actively studied as one of the most important ocean space utilization. The hydroelastic displacement of the pontoon type floating structure in waves is the largest at its weather side. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics and effects of the submerged horizontal plate which is developed to reduce the wave exciting forces acting on the pontoon type floating structure using numerical analysis. The numerical method based on the finite difference method has been adopted and compared with the experimental data to confirm the reliability of it. We have performed the numerical computation of wave exciting forces acting on the pontoon type floating structure with/without submerged plate and discuss the results of simulation.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.10 no.7
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2020

The characteristics of forced vibration with excited sinusoidal force was introduced. Also, numerical analyses and FRF in frequency domain were performed in detail. In this regard, the responses of displacement, velocity and acceleration were investigated in a forced vibration model. The FRF characteristics in real and imaginary part around natural frequency are also discussed. This response approach of forced vibration in time domain is used for the identification and monitoring of sinusoidal forced vibration. For acquiring a displacement, velocity and acceleration, a numerical technique of Runge-Kutta-Gill method was performed. For the FRF(frequency response function), These responses are used. Also, the FRF can represent the intrinsic characteristics of the forced vibration. These performed results and analysis are successful in each damped condition for the forced vibration model. After numerical analysis of the different mass, damping and stiffness, the forced vibration response characteristics with sinusoidal force was discriminated considering its amplitude and frequency simultaneously.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2003

The maneuvering equations of motion are derived to express the motion of a ship. The wave forces in the time domain analysis are generated from the frequency transfer function calculated by 3-D source distribution method. The linear wave forces whose periods are equal to those of incident waves and the nonlinear wave forces that make long period drift forces are computed for the simulation. The consideration of irregular waves and nonlinear wave force effects on the slew motion are carried on the analyzing the motion of ship in the regular and irregular waves.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.257-266
• /
• 2000

A vertically-averaged, two-dimensional version of the Princeton Ocean Model has been applied to the South Sea to simulate the circulation driven by tides and inflows/outflows across open boundaries. To incorporate both forcing properly, a two-step modeling approach is adopted, in which the tidal circulation is first simulated by specifying the tides along the open boundaries, and then both the calculated tidal currents and the observed steady mean currents are prescribed across the open boundaries. Model results show that the steady, subtidal circulation of the South Sea is different from the residual circulation due to tidal rectification, and subtidal currents become locally as strong as tidal currents. The Cheju Current entering the model domain across the Cheju Strait flows eastward in general while shifting onshore or offshore areas following local isobaths. The Tsushima Current entering across the southern boundary reaches farther to the north in the eastern vicinity of Cheju-Do as compared to that entering across other parts of the southern boundary. The Tsushima Current turns to the east, merges with the Cheju Current, and both the Cheju and Tsushima Current exit to the East Sea through the western channel of the Korea Strait. An intensification of the outflow occurs over the deep trough adjacent to the Tsushima Island, which appears to be due to the formation of the frictional boundary layer in order to remove excess positive relative vorticity generated by an increase in the layer thickness. The circulation driven by both the tidal and inflows/outflows is different from that driven by each forcing separately in coastal areas, which implies that both forcings should be considered simultaneously in the simulation of more realistic coastal circulation.