• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.322-324
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• 2008

현재 배전용변전소 대용량변압기 냉각방식은 주로 유입자냉식, 유입풍냉식, 송유풍냉식 및 수냉각 방식이 채용되고 있다. 유입풍냉식의 경우는 대기 공기의 자연대류 또는 냉각팬에 의한 강제대류에 의해 방열기 내부로 유입된 절연유의 온도를 낮추는 방식이고 송유풍냉식은 변압기 내부 절연유를 강제순환 시키면서 냉각팬을 가동하는 방식이다. 도심지 복합건물내 주변압기 냉각은 수냉식을 채용하여 절연유를 강제로 순환시키면서 열교환기 2차측에 냉각수를 순환시켜 열교환기 내로 유입된 절연유의 온도를 낮추는 방식이다. 그러나 도심지 변전소의 냉각방식 채택에 있어 냉각성능, 소음, 설비의 건전성등 여러 가지 문제점이 드러나 새롭고 획기적인 냉각방식이 요구되고 있다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.341-348
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• 2000

Effects of different types of sub-freezing methods on quality of raw pork loin, beef loin and tuna were studied. Storage tests were undertaken as follows; the three different types of sub-freezing methods, such as regular cold chamber at $-1^{\circ}C$, air-blast sub-freezing at $-5^{\circ}C$ and sharp-plate sub-freezing at $-5^{\circ}C$, were evaluated for extending freshness of samples. Pork loin packed with polyethylene-film showed no significant differences (P<0.05) in physico-chemical properties among the above sub-freezing methods. Air-blast sub-freezing methods revealed faster evaporation of moisture from samples. The same sub-freezing method also showed increased VBN values of pork loin and tuna samples. Regular cold chamber resulted in increased TBA values and K values of beef loin and tuna, respectively. It appeared that sharp-plate freezing system kept the food samples with the least loss of freshness among the above three sub-freezing methods. These results indicated that freshness of raw pork, beef and tuna could be significantly extended by the sharp-plate sub-freezing method.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.517-522
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• 2005

A cold storage refrigerator using phase change material(PCM) has been developed and its performance test results are provided here. The inner temperature of the refrigerator is controlled with forced convection driven by a fan using a DC battery. At the first, to freeze all the PCM of the ambient temperature by a built-in refrigerating machine, it took about 8 and 10 hours respectively at the refrigerator and the freezer mode. Then, without external power supply, the inner temperature of the cold storage refrigerator has been maintained at $-18{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ during 14 hours at the freezer mode and maintained at $3{\pm}^{\circ}C$ during 34 hours at the refrigerator mode. Just after the end of its valid usage as a refrigerator or a freezer, it took about 6 hours to refreeze the PCM for its reuse. During the test, the ambient temperature was kept at $30^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.137-147
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• 2000

Not only study of fuel cell performance but study of fuel cell application is very important, therefore these studies were paralleled together for the commercialization of exciting power generation. The objective of this study is to determine the characteristics of shaft power and efficiency as a function of rpm and to compare natural convection air method to forced air method. From these results, performance of forced air was better than that of natural convection air because it enables to improve mass transportation by increasing air flow rate. With decreasing shaft power, efficiency of fuel cell decreases remarkably because dc motor drives at the low range of efficiency. Fuel cell powered vehicle has to be driven considering efficiency and shaft power. It should be driven at 35-45% of efficiency and 0.55-0.75v/cell.

• The Magazine for Energy Service Companies
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• s.62
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• pp.58-65
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• 2010

최근 가정용 컴퓨터와 노트북 등의 중앙처리장치(CPU) 속도가 급격히 빨라지고 있다. 더욱이 화석 에너지 고갈 위기에 따라 제품의 발열량은 급속도로 늘어날 전망이라는 관측이 나왔다. 때문에 에너지절약에 대한 해결이 동반된 연구가 이뤄져야 한다는 목소리가 커지고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 발열원에 히트싱크를 직접 부착하는 강제대류 방식에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있고, 최근 들어 열전소자를 이용한 냉각방식과 히트파이프를 이용한 방식도 대두되고 있다. 그 중 열저항 특성 연구에 집중했던 기존 방식에서 벗어나 Pulsating Heat Pipe(PHP)를 열확산기로 적용시킨 연구방식을 소개한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.95-103
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• 1998

오늘날 전기 철도 차량의 속도제어방식에는 A.C모터의 속도를 제어하는 방식을 많이 사용하고 있고 이 경우 여러 개의 GTO thyristor와 다이오드가 필요하다. 그런데 이러한 반도체 소자들은 전기 부하의 일부를 저항열로 소모하며 반도체의 용량에 따라 차이가 있으나 전기 철도 차량의 경우 약 1~2㎾의 열이 발생한다. 따라서 이들 소자들이 적정온도범위(100~12$0^{\circ}C$미만)를 유지하기 위해서는 소자의 내부저항열을 외부로 방출시켜야 한다. 지난 30여 년 동안 이러한 반도체 소자 냉각에는 강제대류, 침적 비등, 히트파이프식 냉각방법이 적용되어 왔다. 최근에는 히트파이프식 냉각방법이 유지보수, 크기 및 중량 등 여러 측면에서 상대적으로 유리하기 때문에 히트파이프식 냉각방법을 주로 사용하고 있다. (중략)

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.693-698
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• 2017

The 18650 battery cell is known to be reliable and cost effective, but it has a design limitation and low electric capacity compared to pouch-type cells. Because its economy is superior, an 18650-cell-type battery pack is chosen. A reliable temperature is very important in automobile battery packs. Therefore, in this study, the temperature stability of the battery pack is predicted using CFD simulation. Following 3C discharge tests, the results for the heat generation of the battery cell are compared to the simulation results. Based on these results, a natural convection condition, forced convection condition, direct cell-cooling condition, cooling condition on the upper and lower surfaces of the battery pack, and cooling condition using air channels are all simulated. The results indicate that the efficiency and the performance of the air-channel-type cooling system is good.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.449-455
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• 2015

Owing to the trend of an increase in capacity and high-efficiency requirement, the life and reliability of power transformer depend significantly on the amount of heat generation per unit volume and the degradation of insulation oil. These problems can be solved by enhancing the cooling performance of the radiator. The purpose of this study was to find a suitable position of fans for a better cooling effect given by the forced-convection of air in an ONAF (Oil Natural Air Forced) type transformer. In the simulation, commercial software was used for flow analysis, and the cooling passage of the oil was simplified to shorten the time taken for computation. With the diameter of the fan fixed at a constant value, the analysis was performed only by changing the position of the fans. As a result, a vertical position change of the fans does not affect the cooling performance significantly. However, the temperature drop given by the fans positioned on the front region of the transformer is larger than that on the rear region.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1511-1517
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• 2012

Vacuum chamber or vacuum tube for the exhaust process of vacuum glazing is presently used, where excessive time and expenses are required to make the whole vacuum chamber or tube vacuum. To solve this problem, multifunction equipment for vacuum exhaust and ultrasonic joining at atmospheric pressure has been developed, in which a piezoelectric vibrator experiences excessive temperature rise resulting in optimizing the cooling of the equipment. Therefore, in this study, cooling effects of natural convection and forced convection methods were identified by numerical analysis and experiments, and cooling performance of the multifunction equipment was optimized.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.624-630
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• 2013

A truck refrigeration system using phase change material (PCM) is expected to have a lower noise level, reduced energy cost, and much lower local greenhouse gas emission. Recently, a forced convection type PCM refrigeration module has been developed. As the operation time increases, the PCM around the air inlet melts, because of a large temperature difference between the PCM and air. Therefore, the latent heat transfer area decreases and the heat transfer rate of the module decreases even though there is a lot of PCM which does not melt around the air outlet. A computational fluid dynamic modeling of the PCM refrigeration module was developed and validated by the experiment. Using the CFD, the design parameters, such as the mass flow rate of the air and roughness of the slab, were investigated to improve the heat transfer inhomogeneity. As a result, the adoption of partial roughness on the slabs improved the heat transfer inhomogeneity and reduced a fan power.