• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.39-50
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• 1987

The authors studied paranoid ideation and obsession, using Derogatis s' SCL-90, in the subjects of 2,564 male and 1,252 female college freshmen of Yeungnam University. The authors collected the reports of Self-Rating Paranoid ideation and Obsession Scale during the periods from January to February, 1987, and applied ANOVA and t-test on paranoid ideation and obsession scores in order to compare them between various psychosocial factors, and sexes. The results are as follows: 1. There was not significant difference in the mean averages of total paranoid ideation scores between male and female students : male students scored $4.16{\pm}3.09$, female students scored $4.16{\pm}2.91$. 2. High scored items were delusion and suspiciousness. 3. Fifty-nine male students (2.3%) showed high paranoid ideation scores of 12 or higher, while twenty-six female students(2.1%) showed the same scores. 4. There was strong tendency toward higher paranoid ideation scores in the students who were dissatisfied with their home atmosphere, college, department and familiarity of parents and those who had pessimistic view of self in the past, present or future in both group(respectively P<0.001). The male students who believed protestantism showed higher level of paranoid ideation scores (P<0.01). The male students who attened the department of fine art showed higher level of paranoid ideation scores (P<0.05). 5. There was significant difference in the mean averages of total obsession scores between male and female students (P<0.05) : male students scored $10.40{\pm}5.43$, female students scored $10.75{\pm}5.02$. 6. High scored Items were perfectionism, indecisiveness, inattention & obsessive thoughts. 7. Thirty-eight male students(1.6%) showed high obsession scores of 25 or higher, while fifteen female students(1.2%) showed the same scores. 8. There was strong tendency toward higher obsession scores in the students who were dissatisfied with their home atmosphere, college, department and familiarity of parents and those who had pessimistic view of self in the past, present, or future in both group(respectively P<0.001). The female students who attended the department of home economics & whose educational fees were paid by her brothers & sister, showed higher level of obsession scores(respectively P<0.01).

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.227-235
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the mediating effect of mental health on the relationship between health promotion lifestyle and subjective well-being of college students. The study subjects were 282 college students. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results, first, the health promoting lifestyle has a significant positive effect on subjective well-being. Second, the health promotion lifestyle had significant negative impact on mental health. Third, the variables of depression, psychopathic deviate, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizophrenia were significant mediating parameters in the relationship between health promotion lifestyle and subjective well-being. Based on these results, we discussed the importance of health promoting behaviors for mental health and happiness of college students.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.257-267
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• 2008

The mentophysical disease causes diseases in digestive, respiratory, circulating systems, including chronic pain, through combined reactions from different individual characteristics, mental stress and temperamental factors. The most common symptom related to orofacial area is pain and the contributive factors include biological, behavioral, environmental, social, emotional, recognitive factors. These factors affect the course of the symptom according to individual's character and human nature. In pain, sleep acts as a contributive factor, and pain could bring about sleep disturbance and vice versa. Deterioration of sleep quality would act as a factor that aggravates mental stress. Therefore, relatively accurate and simple mental examinations and sleep quality test should be carried out for the patients with symptoms related to orofacial area. This study evaluated the mental state in relation to the sleep quality which could affect orofacial pain. The number of poor sleeper was 18 in male subjects, and 1 in female subjects and PSQI global index was higher in male($6.11{\pm}2.38$) than female($4.67{\pm}2.18$). SCL-90-R index showed no sex difference. Poor sleeper showed significantly high value in SOM, O-C, I-S, ANX, PHOB, PSY, GSI, PST. When SCL-90-R T scores were compared according to sleep quality, higher the subjective sleep quality score, O-C and I-S showed significant increase. As sleep disturbances score increased, PAR, PSY, PST showed statistically significant increase. In comparison of SCL-90-R T score according to daytime dysfunction, statistically significant increase in DEP, ANX, HOS, PHOB, PAR, GSI was observed. Therefore, the quality of sleep and psychological status have a high correlation. This is likely to influence chronic pain in the orofacial field. As a result, clinicians treating orofacial pain should evaluate the sleep quality and psychological status of the patient. Further studies of larger sample sizes including various age, occupation, and pain groups are necessary in order to apply the results to clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.209-220
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of depressive episode about major depression and bipolar disorder in child and adolescent. The subjects of this study were 34 major depression patients and 17 bipolar disorder patients hospitalized at child and adolescent psychiatry in OO university children's hospital from 1st March 1993 to 31st October 1999. The method of this study is to review socio-demographic characteristics, diagnostic classification, chief problems and symptoms at admission, frequency of symptoms, maternal pregnancy problem history, childhood developmental history, coexisting psychiatric disorders, family psychopathology and family history and therapeutic response through their chart. 1) The ratio of male was higher than that of female in major depressive disorder while they are similar in manic episode, bipolar disorder. 2) Average onset age of bipolar disorder was 14 years 1 month and it was 12 years 8 months in the case of major depression As a result, average onset age of major depression is lower than that of bipolar disorder. 3) The patients complained of vegetative symptoms than somatic symptoms in both bipolar disorder and depressive disorder. Also, the cases of major depression developed more suicide idea symptom while the case of bipolar disorder developed more aggressive symptoms. In the respect of psychotic symptoms, delusion was more frequently shown in major depression, but halucination was more often shown in bipolar disorder. 4) Anxiety disorder coexisted most frequently in two groups. And there coexisted symptoms such as somartoform disorder, mental retardation and personality disorder in both cases. 5) The influence of family loading was remarkable in both cases. Above all, the development of major depression had to do with child abuse history and inappropriate care of family. It is apparent that there are distinctive differences between major depression and bipolar disorder in child and adolescent through the study, just as in adult cases. Therefore the differences of clinical characteristics between two disorders is founded in coexisting disorders and clinical symptoms including onset age, somatic symptoms and vegetative symptoms.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.175-185
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• 1995

This study is to compare family support and mental health between the rural and the urban elderly. In order to do that I collected the data through questioning 238 people in 3 urban areas in Busan and 201 people in 9 rural areas near Daegu. The degree of their family support is 36.70 on the average in the rural area and 40.77 in the urban area. The degree of family support of urban elderly is a little higher. According to general characters between the differences of family support in both areas, in the rural area there are differences in sex, age, whether they have a spouse or not, education level, financial state, number of children, number of co living, status of co living, subjective health status, amount of pocket money and how much they are participating in leisure activity. In the urban area there are differences in sex, whether they have a spouse or not, religion, financial state, number of co living, status of co living, subjective health status, amount of pocket money, how much they are participating in leisure activity and house pattern. In the stepwise multiple regression analysis the main variables that affect degree of family support in the rural area are age, whether they have a spouse or not and financial state which account for 33% of the total variance and in the urban area are subjective health status, financial state, whether they have a spouse or not and number of co-living which account for 35%. Health status is better in the urban area(average 36.87) than in the rural area(57.42). In each item the people whose mark was more than 75%(low) have Depression 8.4%, Somatization 8.0% in the urban area and Somatization 8.5%, Depression 8.5%, Anxiety 4.0%, Phobic anxiety 4.0%, Obsessive compulsive reaction 2.5%, Hostility 2.0%, Paranoid ideation 2.0%, Psychoticism 1.5% and Interpersonal sensitivity 1.5% in the rural area. In the mental health condition, on the basis of 4 points in both areas, the average is Somatization(rural : 1.69, urban : 1.51), Depression (rural : 1.64, urban : 1.37) and Obsessive compulsive reaction(rural : 1.33, urban : 0.99). According to the differences between mental health conditions by general characters, in the rural area the differences are presented in sex, age, whether they have a spouse or not, religion, education level, financial state, number of children, status of co living, subjective health status, amount of pocket money and how much they are participating in leisure activity, in the urban area the differences are presented in sex, whether they have a spouse or not, religion, financial state, number of co living, status of co living, subjective health status, house pattern, amount of pocket money and how much they are participating in leisure activity. In the stepwise multiple regression analysis the main variables that affect mental health condition in the rural are family support degree subjective health status, religion sex, age and financial state which account for 43% of the total and in the urban area are family support degree, subjective health status and financial state which account for 51%. In the matter of family support degree and mental health condition the rural area was -0.4555, of urban area was -0.6446. The rural area that has a high percentage in family support degree and mental health condition Depression was -0.5036, Psychoticism was -0.4265 in the urban area Psychoticism was -0.6452, Depression was -0.5955. Family support has a great influence on mental health of old people and family support and mental health condition can be different according to living area. So in their problems nursing intervention through family and nursing strategies according to living area should be established.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2003

Objectives: The object of this study was to compare perceived stress and quality of life among patients with HIV infection, patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and normal controls. Methods: Stress response inventory(SRI) and Symptom checklist 90-Revised(SCL-90-R) were used to measure perceived stress responses and psychopathology. Smithklein Beecham quality of life scale was used to measure quality of life. Results: Patients with HIV infection scored significantly higher on scores of tension, anger, depression, fatigue and frustration subscale of the SRI than those with pulmonary tuberculosis and normal controls. Scores of the SCL-90-R, somatization, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism subscale were also significantly higher in patients with HIV infection than those with pulmonary tuberculosis and normal controls. Patients with HIV infection scored significantly lower in quality of life than those with pulmonary tuberculosis. In patients with HIV infection, age had a significantly negative correlation with scores of somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism subscale of the SCL-90-R. but the level of education had a significantly positive correlation with somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism subscale of the SCL-90-R. Conclusion: The results suggest that patients with HIV positive were likely to have higher levels of perceived stress response and psychopathology, and lower quality of life than those with pulmonary tuberculosis and normal controls.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.164-171
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• 2018

Objectives : Depression is a common mental illness and a major cause of suicide. Although serum lipids have been associated with depression and suicide, there has been much debate. In this study, we investigated the relationship between depression, suicide, and serum lipids in patients admitted with depressed mood. Methods : A total of 134 subjects were divided into 86 non-suicide patients and 48 suicide attempters. The serum lipid levels and sub-scores of the Korean Symptom Checklist-95 (KSCL95) were compared. We also investigated the relationship between serum lipids and sub-scores of KSCL95 and investigated whether serum lipids were risk factors for suicide attempts. Results : There was no difference in serum lipids between the two groups. Among the sub-items of KSCL95, obsession was higher in non-suicide group. Triglyceride showed positive correlations with anxiety, phobic anxiety, agoraphobia, schizophrenia, and self-regulation problem. High triglyceride was a risk factor for suicide attempts. Conclusions : Triglyceride is associated with depression, anxiety, and self - regulation, and high serum triglyceride levels may be a risk factor for suicide attempts.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.111-125
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• 1988

The authors studied obsession, using Derogatis'SCL-90, and lie tendency using MMPI, in the subjects of 2586 male and 1206 female college freshmen of Yeungnam University. The authors collected the reports of self-rating Obsession scale and Lie scale during the periods from January to February, 1988, and applied ANOVA and t-test on obsession and lie scores in order to compare than between various psychosocial factors, and sexes. The results as follows: 1. There was not significant difference in the mean average of total obsession scores between male and female students: male students scored $10.26{\pm}5.21$, female students scored $10.54{\pm}5.01$. 2. High scored items were doubting, indecisiveness, inattention, obsessive thoughts and preoccupation with accuracy. 3. 37 male students(1.4%) showed high obsession scores of 25 or higher, while 9 female students(0.7%) showed thd same scores. 4. There was strong tendency toward higher obsession scores in the students who were dissatisfied with their home atmosphere, college, department and familiarity of parents and those who had pessimistic view of self in the past, present or future in both group(respectively P<0.001). The male students who attended the department of fine arts, who grew at the Up & whose educational fees were paid by brothers & sisters showed higher level of obsession scores(respectively P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.01). The female students who grew at the Myun & who were self-cook showed higher level of obsession scores(respectively P<0.05). 5. There was not significant difference in the mean averages of total lie scores between male and female students: male students scored $4.73{\pm}2.49$, female students scored $4.70{\pm}2.16$. 6. High scored items were NO. 14, 8, 11, 9 and 1 in the table 6. 7. 98 male students(3.7%) showed high lie scores of 70 or high, while 27 female students(2.2%) showed the same scores. 8. There was strong tendency toward higher lie scores in the students who were satisfied with their home atmosphere, college, department and familiarity of parents and those who had optimistic view of self in the past, present or future in both group(respectively P<0.001). The students who attended the department of pharmacy, music, evening programs showed higher level of lie scores(P<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2005

Background:Clozapine is a unique atypical antipsychotic medication. It is considered to be superior, even amongst the newer agents, in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, de novo emergence or exacerbation of obsessive-compulsive(OC) symptoms during treatment with clozapine has been reported. We prospectively evaluated 19 cases which newly developed OC symptoms during clozapine treatment and discussed the treatment of OC symptoms induced by it. Methods:We recruited 19 patients(8 males, 11 females) with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder who had developed OC symptoms during clozapine treatment. OC symptoms were assessed using the Padua-ICMA and YBOCS on a monthly basis over three months. Results:Eleven female and eight male patients were enrolled and the average age of patients was 32.8 years. At baseline, no patients showed OC symptoms. Moderate to severe OC symptoms appeared with mean daily dose of 298.68 mg of clozapine. There were no significant differences in improving OC symptoms between the clozapine dose reduction group and the OC treatment group. Conclusion:We noticed the possibility that the appearance of OC symptoms is connected with the effect of clozapine. The clozapine-induced OC symptoms were improved both by reducing clozapine daily doses, and by adding OC treatment drugs. With other atypical antipsychotics now available, to know and treat the side effects of clozapine would be of considerable value, offering clinical guidance in making a decision on treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Thought-action fusion (TAF) is a tendency to blindly assume causal relations between their thoughts and external reality. On the other hand, cognitive fusion (CF) is a tendency to take internal experiences, such as thoughts and feeling, literally rather than view them as random events. However, these two terms are often confusedly used and, in fact, have conceptual overlaps. Therefore, this study aimed to identify their distinctive features through a comprehensive review of the definition, origin, measurements and clinical implications especially on the understanding of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The cognitive-behavioral concept of TAF is confined to erroneous and maladaptive beliefs about the connection between thoughts and behaviors. The CF is a broader construct that entails taking thoughts and feelings as facts and engaging or struggling with them such that the quality of life is lowered. They also have different theoretical backgrounds, developing processes and therapeutic approaches. From the perspective of the obsessive-compulsive disorder, both concepts have been studied as mid-structures for this illness. Recently, the effectiveness of psychological therapies related to these concepts such as defusion therapy has been tested. However, it is yet still in its infancy. In the future, complementary advances between the two concepts with studies on biological substrates is needed.