• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 1998.10c
• /
• pp.25-29
• /
• 1998

일반적으로 동일한 배합에서 콘크리트의 강도를 증진시키는 방법중에서 혼화재를 넣는 방법이 일반적이다. 이는 첨가된 혼화재의 양만큼 생산비용이 증가하며, 본 실험에서 콘크리트 강도를 증진시키기 위해 사용한 자화수는 자석을 통과시켜 만든 물이며 제작방법 이 매우 간편하고 자석이라는 비소모성 및 무동력의 장치를 사용하여, 또한 화학물질을 사 용하지 않고 얻을 수 있다. 이때의 자화수는 외관상으로는 보통물과 아무런 차이가 없으며 무색무취이다. 즉 강력한 자장속에 보통 물을 통과시켜서 이온화된 자화수를 얻을 수 있을 것이다. 실례로 러시아 "샤프스쿠스크" 철근 콘크리트 제품공장에서는 자화수를 사용해서 매년 약 15%의 시멘트절약에 성공하고 있고, 모스크바의 철근콘크리트연구소에서 자주 자 화수의 전문회의가 열리며, 매번 좋은 결과를 서로 보고하고 있다고 한다. 본 실험에서는 자 화수에 의한 강도증진효과를 보기 위해서 동일배합에서 보통물과 자화수를 배합수로 하여 각각의 콘크리트 공시체를 제작해 압축강도를 비교하였다. 그 결과 보통물을 사용해 제작한 공시체 보다 4~13% 가량 강도증진효과를 보았다. 따라서 다른 혼화재를 사용하지 않고 오 직 자화수를 배합수로 하여 제작된 콘크리트 강도를 높임으로써, 동일한 배합강도를 얻기 위해서 보통물을 배합수로 제작된 콘크리트에 비해 시멘트 사용량을 줄일 수 있어 이에 따 른 경제적 효과를 얻을 수 있다고 본다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 여러 가지변수에 따라 자화수 가 콘크리트 강도증진에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 알아보았다.는지를 알아보았다.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2002

As composite materials, the addition of steel fiber with concrete significant)y improves the engineering properties of structural members, notably shear strength and ductility. Flexural strength, fatigue strength, and the capacity to resist cracking are also enhanced. Especially the strengthening effect of steel fiber in shear is to prevent the brittle shear failure. In this study, shear-strengthening effect of steel fiber in RC short columns were investigated from the literature surveys and 10th specimem's member test results. From the test results, following conclusions can be made; the maximum enhancement of shear-strengthening effect can be achieved at about 1.5 ％ of steel fiber contents, shear strength and ductility capacity were improved remarkably in comparison to stiffness and energy dissipation capacity in steel fiber reinforced concrete.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.409-416
• /
• 2020

In this paper, strength correction factors of the concretes incorporating ordinary Portland cement(OPC), fly ash(FA) and blast furnace slag(BS) with 50% of water to binder ratio due to temperature drop for standard room temperature(20±3℃) are provided. For this, strength development was done based on equivalent age method. For calculating the equivalent age, apparent activation energy was obtained with 24.69 kJ/mol in OPC, 46.59 kJ/mol in FA, 54.59 kJ/ol in BS systems. According to the estimation of strength development of the concretes, the use of FA and BS resulted in larger strength drop than that of OPC under low temperature compared to standard room temperature. Hence, strength correction factors(Tn) for OPC, FA and BS are suggested within 4~17℃ with every 3MPa levels.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.26 no.2C
• /
• pp.121-131
• /
• 2006

The strength standard of shotcrete in Korea is relatively lower than that in Europe where high-strength shotcrete has been developed and actively applied to the common practice, so it is hard to test a quality of high-strength shotcrete. In this study, field test was performed to find a solution improving the strength and a long-term durability on domestic shotcrete. In field test, a high-strength shotcrete was produced using high-quality additions and accelerators, and an effect of additions and accelerators was observed. In addition, quality test based on EFNARC was also performed. As a result of field test, a promotion ratio of early strength is 90~97% in case of using alkali-free accelerators, therefore, alkali-free accelerators had an effect on an increase of early strength on shotcrete. A compressive strength of shotcrete using Micro-silica fume was 45.2~55.8MPa and flexible strength was 5.01~6.66MPa, so a promotion ratio of strength was 37~79%, 17~61% respectively. It was showed that increment effect of strength by the silica fume replacement of 7.5~10% for cement mass was remarkable. As a result of test, it was possible to apply high-strength shotcrete to the domestic practice using high-quality additions such as Micro-silica fume and accelerators such as alkali-free.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.201-214
• /
• 1994

The fracture process zone in concrete is a region ahead of a traction-free crack, in which two major mechanisms, microcracking and bridging, play important roles. The toughness due to bridging is dominant compared to toughness induced by microcracking, so that the bridging is dominani: mechanism governing the fracture process of concrete. Fracture mechanics does work for concrete provided that the fracture process zone is being considered, so that the development of model for the fracture process zone is most important to describe fracture phenomena in concrete. In this paper the bridging zone, which is a part of extended rnacrocrack with stresses transmitted by aggregates in concrete, is modelled by a Dugdale-Barenblatt type model with linear tension-softening curve. Two finite element techniques are shown for the analysis of progressive cracking in concrete based on the discrete crack approach: one with crack element, the other without crack element. The advantage of the technique with crack element is that it dees not need to update the mesh topology to follow the progressive cracking. Numerical results by the techniques are demonstrated.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.443-450
• /
• 2015

This paper presents an investigation of the mechanical and microstructural properties of Class F fly ash based geopolymer containing sodium sulfate as an additive. Sodium sulfate was used as an chemical additive at the dosage levels of 0, 2, 4, and 6wt% of fly ash. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions were used to activate fly ash. The compressive strengths of geopolymer pastes were measured at the age of 28 days. The microstructures of the geopolymer pastes were examined using XRD, MIP and SEM tests. The additions of 2wt% and 4wt% sodium sulfate produced geopolymers with high strength, while increasing the dosage of levels to 6% resulted in almost no changes in strength, comparing with the control geopolymer. The optimum increase in strength was obtained with the addition of 4wt% sodium sulfate. As the amount of sodium sulfate is increased, no additional crystalline phase was detected and no change of amorphous phase indicated despite the change in the strength development. The increase in the strength was due to the change of pore size distribution in samples. As addition of sodium sulfate altered the morphologies of reactive productions and Si/Al ratios of the reaction products, the strengths were thus affected. It was found that the strengths of geopolymer were larger for lower Si/Al ratios of reaction products formed in samples. The optimal amount of sodium sulfate in the fly ash based geopolymer helps to improve mechanical properties of the geopolymer, on the other hand, the high percentage of sodium sulfate could exist as an impurity in the geopolymer and hinder the geopolymer reaction.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.165-182
• /
• 2006

In this study, field test was performed to investigate the strength-improvement effect of shotcrete mixed Micro-silica fume and shotcrete quality was estimated by EFNARC standard. Deterioration test combined the Freezing-thawing and Carbonation was also performed in order to investigate a long-term durability of high-strength shotcrete. As a result of test, the compressive strength of shotcrete using Micro-silica fume was 45.2~55.8MPa and flexible strength was 5.01~6.66MPa, so a promotion ratio of strength was 37~79%, 17~61% respectively. And the strength-improvement effect of strength by silica fume addition ratio of 7.5~10% for cement mass was more superior to the others. Due to relative dynamic modulus, mass decrease rate and carbonation progress of shotcrete mixed Micro-silica fume, it was especially realized that Micro-silica fume reduced deterioration caused by steel fiber and improved a long-term durability of shotcrete.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 2006

In this study a series of tests (bench scale test) are carried out for increasing the strength of clayey soil by EK-Injection method. In addition, the effects of strength increase in the treated sample are measured by operating the vane shear test device during 25 days at 5 days intervals in order to estimate the effect of ground improvement caused by diffusion. Also, the effects of strength increase in the treated sample are measured by operating the vane shear test device to estimate the effect by treatment durations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25). The test results show that the strength increase was developed approximately 2 to 7 times in comparison to initial shear strength, and outstanding strenfth increase was created as much as 7 times while injecting the sodium silicate and phosphoric acid in anolyte and catholyte. In addition, the measured shear strength with the influence of diffusion and reduction of water-content had a tendency to converge in constant value in proportion to elapsed time. As a result of this study, strength increment developed by the influence of EK-Injection and diffusion rather than the reduction of water-content was 1000% high on average. In case of changes of treatment duration, strength increment developed by the influence of treatment durations rather than the reduction of water-content was 3 to 4 times high on average.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
• /
• 2007.04a
• /
• pp.281-284
• /
• 2007

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.942-948
• /
• 2002

When fresh concrete is exposed to low temperature, the concrete may suffer frost damage due to freezing at early ages and the strength development may be delayed. One of the solution methods to resolve these problems is to reduce freezing temperature of concrete by the use of chemical admixture called Accelerator for freeze protection. In this study we Investigate the effect on the strength development of cement mortar using accelerator for freeze protection with the variable curing condition. As the result of this study, the mortar using accelerator for freeze protection show continuously the strength development in curing condition of -5$^{\circ}C$. And the compressive strength under variable temperature condition was higher than constant temperature condition in same maturity.