• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.293-304
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• 2011

The current work was carried out to investigate the effect of crossbred Korean native chickens (KNC) on performance and meat quality. A total of 720 chicks (1d of age) was used in this work and were divided into groups by crossbreds (A, B, C and D) and sex (male and female). Crossbreds were A) (KNC egg-meat type C strains ${\times}$ KNC meat type S strains) ${\times}$ Ross broiler, B) (KNC egg-meat type C strains ${\times}$ KNC meat type H strains) ${\times}$ KNC meat type S strains, C) (KNC native R strains${\times}$KNC meat type S strains)${\times}$KNC meat type H strains and D(White Semibroiler Chickens). Experimental diets consisted of 3 phases such as starter (0~5 weeks; CP 20.0%, ME 3,050 kcal/kg), earlier (5~8 weeks; CP 18.0%, ME 3,100 kcal/kg) and finisher (8~12 weeks; CP 16.0%, ME 3,150 kcal/kg). They were fed the broiler diets for 12 weeks at the flat house and thirty six chickens were slaughtered at week 5 and 10. There was no significant difference on the fertility of crossbred KNCs, and the hatchability of B crossbred was low compared to other crossbreds. On body weight (BW), D crossbred resulted in a higher BW after 5 weeks (P<0.05). Body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) of A crossbred were also significant higher compared to the other crossbreds for all periods. On carcass ratio (CR), A crossbred showed higher CR at 5 weeks, there was no significant among crossbreds at 10 weeks. The partial meat ratio(ala, breast, neck, leg) of C crossbred was the lowest among other crossbreds (P<0.05), but the back meat ratio was not difference among treatments at 5 and 10 weeks. pH of meats have no difference among crossbreds at 5 week, and A crossbred was high compared to other crossbreds at 10 week (P<0.05). The moisture content of D crossbred meat and the protein content of B crossbred meat were high compared to other crossbreds at 5 week. Chemical compositions of meats have no difference among crossbreds at 10 week. Lightness and redness have not significance among crossbreds at 5 week, and redness of A crossbred was the highest among all crossbreds (P<0.05). Shear force and cooking loss of A crossbred were high at 5 week, and cooking loss of A crossbred was low compared with other crossbreds at 10 week. These results suggested the basic data that needed to develope the new strains.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2010

Seventy two Hanwoo steers in final fattening period ($585.87{\pm}41.02kg$) were randomly assigned to 3 groups, LPLT (relatively low protein and low energy; CP 12%, TDN 73%), LPHT (relatively low protein and high energy; CP 12%, TDN 75%) and HPHT (relatively high protein and high energy; CP 14%, TDN 75%) in concentrate feed for 163 days in order to investigate the effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and longissimus dorsi muscle's chemical compositions. Rice straw was also fed as a roughage. Because ADGs were higher in LPLT and HPHT than LPHT, feed efficiencies were improved in LPLT and HPHT group (P<0.05). Feeding concentrates with different CP and TDN levels had affected to improve back fat thickness and rib eye area in HPHT group but had no effect on carcass weight and meat yield index. Carcass weight for LPLT, LPHT and HPHT were $420.75{\pm}30.56$, $417.05{\pm}32.03$ and $418.32{\pm}32.03kg$, respectively. Meat quality grade was improved in HPHT (P<0.001), because the marbling score was highest in HPHT group. Auction prices (carcass/kg) of LPLT, LPHT and HPHT group were 17,904 won, 18,094 won and 18,899 won, respectively. The percentage of animals over grade 1 appeared in LPLT, LPHT and HPHT were 79.2, 72.7 and 90.8%, respectively. The results of chemical analysis of longissimus dorsi muscle showed no difference between groups but crude fat composition tended to be higher in HPHT group (P=0.088) than the other groups. Stearic acid contents in the muscle was significantly increased in HPHT group than LPLT group (P<0.05). Myristoleic acid and oleic acid composition in HPHT group was higher than LPLT and LPHT group. These results supported the hypothesis that supplementation of higher levels of crude protein and energy in concentrates to Hanwoo steers' during final fattening period improved the growth performance and the carcass quality grade.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.169-179
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• 1999

The present study was undertaken to classify and describe the spring naturalized plant communities in old-Andong city by the methodology of the ZM school of phytosociology. As a result, the vegetation was classified into the six communities and two subcommunities: A. Bromus tectorum community A-a. Bromus japonicus subcommunity, A-b. Melica onoei subcommunity; B. Poa pratensis community; C. Rumex crispus community; D. Oenothera lamarckiana community; E. Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. eiatior community; F. Rumex conglomeratus community. The total taxa of the naturalized plant communities consisted of 31 families, 86 genera, 114 species and 13 varieties. Of which the taxa of the naturalized plant species consisted of 8 families, 21 genera, 25 species and 1 variety. The result of Bray-Curtis ordination revealed that the plots suveyed were arranged according largely to the vegetation units of' the communities. Also the interspecific affinity was examined by an analysis of interspecific association and the main component species in the communities were divided into two groups. The naturalized rate was higher in the communitise affected by strong human impacts, while was lower in the communities affected relatively less by human impacts. On the other hand the seasonal changes of the communities and the naturalized rate between the spring and the autumn were investigated. Many naturalized communities present in Spring were replaced by the other native ruderal communitues in the Autumn. The naturalized rate based on the dominance was largely decreased over from the spring to the Autumn.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2010

This study was conducted to determine the effect of supplemental medicinal plants (Artemisia, Acanthopanx and Garlic) on productive parameters in pigs. In experiment 1, a total of 90 multiparous sows were used in a 21-d performance study. The diets included: 1) CON (basal diet; Control), 2) BM1 (CON + 0.1% medicinal plants) and 3) BM2 (CON + 0.2% medicinal plants). Backfat thickness from farrowing to weaning was higher (P<0.05) in CON compared with sows fed treatments diets. The piglets weight gain was higher in the medicinal plants treatments (P<0.05). ADFI, nutrient digestibility and survivability were not affected by the experimental treatments. In experiment 2, a total of 60 finishing pigs (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc, $65.21\;{\pm}\;0.04\;kg$ average initial body weight) were used in a 56-d performance assay to determine the effects of supplemental medicinal plants (Artemisia, Acanthopanx and Garlic) on growth performance and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. The dietary treatments included: 1) CON (basal diet ; Control), 2) BM1 (CON + 0.1% medicinal plants) and 3) BM2 (CON + 0.2% medicinal plants). For 4~8 weeks and overall period, ADG was higher (P<0.05) in the pigs fed medicinal plants. CON treatment was higher 24 pH loin and cooking loss than BM1 treatment (P<0.05). Water holding capacity and drip loss after 1day were affected by the dietary treatments (P<0.05). No numerical differences were observed in sensory evaluation, meat color, TBARS and loin area among three treatments. In conclusion, the results obtained from this feeding trial suggest that the medicinal plants mixture supplementation in diets for finishing pigs can improve ADG, water holding capacity, cooking loss and it improved backfat loss in sow and, litter weight gain.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.146-153
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• 2010

The physics theory applied to the elliptical health trainers can be a good example in engineering education. From the point of view of the physics education the measurement of mechanical and thermal energy expenditure in elliptical trainers can be related to the muscle activity, quantity of motion, and metabolic cost. We realized that the low speed training is effective for high basal metabolism due to increasing the muscle activity even if the high speed training is effective for training down. Elliptical Trainer may provide an effective oxygen exhaustion and thus effective training down. However, the metabolic cost does not have much relation to the amount of training under the high speed of trainer.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 1997

Thc paper points oul ever increasing amounts of plastics used in dex, clopmg countries and the prohlelns associated with such increase. Tl~e current status of the production and usc of plaslic materials is reviewed. Also reviewed lncludc thc pahcicies and gu~dclmcs canccrning the treatment of used plastics which have already bccn mstitutcd.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to offer information about appropriate processing method for dry cured-ham with controlled ripening condition. In this study, three different treatments were performed: High salt group (HS), 18 hams were salted with 70 g $kg^{-1}$ salt (w/w) Middle salt group (MS), 18 hams were salted with 50 g $kg^{-1}$ salt Low salt group (LS), 18 hams were salted with 30 g $kg^{-1}$ salt. Also three drying periods were applied (180 days, 270 days and 360 days). The weight loss in HS was higher (5.62%) on curing step and in LS was higher (12.35%) on post-salting step compared to other groups. On fermentation stage, weight loss of HS was higher than that of LS (p<0.05). Weight loss on drying was increased as the drying period passes (p<0.05). Moisture contents were significantly (p<0.05) decreased and fat contents were significantly (p<0.05) increased in all treatment groups as drying period increased. The different drying periods affected fatty acid compositions on all salting levels; saturated fatty acid contents were increased (p<0.05) with more drying, whereas unsaturated fatty acid contents were decreased (p<0.05) as drying period increased.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

Hydrological factors prevailing in the Namdae stream were as follows : temperature = -0.2~$26.8^{\circ}C$, salinity = 0.50~3.21$\textperthousand$, DO = 5.21~8.13 ppm, $PO_{4}-P$ = ND~1.37 ppm, $NO_{2-}$ = 0.10~0.81 ppm, COD = 1.53~2.82 ppm, $H_2 S$ = ND~0.0012 ppm and IL = 0.85~1.36 %. Sediment was typical, gravelly sand or sand with very good sorting value ranging from 0.53 to 1.77$\varphi$. Population density of the clam C. japonica ranged from 2 to 464/$m^2$. The clams were divided into four size classes, based on shell length of small (0~10 mm), medium (10~20 mm), large (20~30 mm) and largest (>30 mm), and were encountered at the frequency of 3.2, 50.4, 43.3 and 3.1 %, respectively.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.258-263
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to measure the physiological qualities and the chemical compositions of garlic bulb (Allium sativum L) stored in air and controlled atmosphere at 0$\^{C}$ for 4months. There were no significant differences in physiological qualities such as soluble solid, dry weight and firmness by O$_2$ and CO$_2$ concentrations during 4 months of storage. The surface color of garlic cloves changed toward more dark direction in Hunter color surface with storage. CA storage inhibited the sprout growth by 50% and had no significant difference in root growth. Garlic stored in CA showed lower level of pungency, especially CA of low oxygen concentration (1%) showed the lowest level of pyruvate. Garlic stored in high CO$_2$ concentration(20%) showed the lowest level of fructan concentrations and the highest free sugar concentrations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.202-206
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 정체성 수역인 신갈호를 대상으로 저층 퇴적물의 오염물질에 대한 조사를 실시 하였다. 신갈호 저층 퇴적물의 분석 결과, 함수율의 범위는 49.0~68.2%로 조사되었으며, 평균 함수율은 60.8%로 나타났다. 함수비의 경우에는 지점별 96.1~214.6%의 넓은 범위를 보였으며 평균 함수비는 165.8%로 조사되었다. 퇴적물의 pH는 모든 지점에서 산성을 띄었으며, 하류부로 갈수록 더욱 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 입도분석 결과, 토성은 SL(사양토) 및 SiL(실트질양토)로 나타났으며, 이러한 토성분포는 입자별 침강속도에 의한 것으로 퇴적물의 지점별 이 화학적 특성에 많은 영향을 줄 것으로 판단된다. 유기물 함량 분석결과, 강열감량의 경우 8.22~11.36%로 평균 10.22% 의 유기물 함량을 보였으며, COD는 24,92 mg/kg~27,38 mg/kg의 값으로 평균 26,16 mg/kg로 조사되었다. 영양물질 함량 분석결과, T-N의 경우 신갈호 저층 퇴적물 평균 2,916 mg/kg의 질소 함량을 보였으며, T-P의는 평균 710 mg/kg로 조사되었다. 영양물질 함량 분석결과 하류부로 갈수록 높아지는 경향을 보였으나 총질소의 경우 지점별 비슷한 값을 보인 반면, 총인은 지점별 큰 차이를 보였다. 퇴적물의 중금속 함량은 Cd, Cu, Zn, $Cr^{6+}$, Pb을 분석하였으며, Cd 0.10~0.12 mg/kg, Cu 18.33~20.67 mg/kg, Zn 82.73~110.15 mg/kg, $Cr^{6+}$ 0.78~0.93 mg/kg Pb 11.04~14.53 mg/kg의 범위를 보였으며, 지점별로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구의 자료는 신갈호 유역의 개발계획 및 준설 검토에 대한 유용한 자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.