• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.449-456
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• 2018

Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. In lower Human Development Index countries, it has the second highest incidence and mortality among cancer in women. Therefore, better diagnosis and treatment systems are needed. Among them, estrogen receptor alpha ($ER-{\alpha}$) mRNA expression has been analyzed with RT-qPCR since several studies reported that $ER-{\alpha}$ is necessary in the maturation of the uterus and is related to cervical cancer. In this study, $ER-{\alpha}$ quantitative analysis was performed on various lesions and normal tissue samples. Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, its sensitivity and specificity were 85% and 75%, respectively, showing higher or similar results to those of conventional HPV tests. In addition, its expression level was analyzed with clinical information. With regression analysis, the R square value between the $ER-{\alpha}$ mRNA expression level and menopause status was 0.5041, indicating a strong correlation. This study was performed as part of a pilot study and suggests that $ER-{\alpha}$ is related to carcinogenesis. Future studies will examine other hormones and menopausal factors with a larger sample size.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.44-56
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• 2016

This study investigated the quality characteristics of white pan bread with Haenaru rice flour which is regional product of Dangjin. Haenaru rice flour was substituted 10%, 30% and 50% for each bread sample. The overall effects of Haenaru rice flour substitution on pan bread were examined by investigating fermentation rates, pH, volume, specific volume, TPA, crumbScan and colorimeter and using sensory evaluation. A control showed the highest fermentation rate by 60 min, but there was no differences among all samples except HNR50 after 60 min. The higher Haenaru rice flour content, the higher pH value of bread loaf and bread and the lower volume and specific volume of rice breads. According to TPA and crumbscan, high amounts of Haenaru rice flour substitution increased the hardness of bread and decreased fineness and elongation of bread cells. In sensory evaluation, though a control got the best texture, flavor and overall acceptance, HRF30 and HRF10 showed the best preference of appearance and taste respectively, But most of all, there were no significant differences among those samples. Consequently, the results indicate that a substitution of Haenaru rice flour for wheat flour by 30 percent will not show any decisive difference in consumer's acceptance.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.256-266
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to decide the optimum amount of ginger, which draws attention as a functional food nowadays, to make ginger muffins and to serve the basic data for functional bakery products added with ginger juice. As measurement items for quality characteristics, I tested height, weight, volume, specific volume, moisture, pH, chromaticity, texture and organic functions of muffin by adding 10%, 20% and 30% ginger juice respectively comparing with general ingredients plus water amount used to make muffins. Height decreased with the amount of the addition increased, and there was no significant difference in weight. The volume and specific volume measurements of the muffins showed a lower value with the amount of the addition increased, which showed a significant difference. The moisture contents of the muffins increased with the amount of the addition increased. In the pH measurement, 0, 10, and 20% showed no significant difference while 30% showed a significant difference. Color measurement found that lightness and yellowness decreased with the amount of the addition increased, which showed a significant difference; redness showed high values, which indicated significant differences among all the samples. Texture measurement found that hardness showed significant differences among all the samples; cohesiveness showed a significant difference between the control and the treatment group; resilience/springiness increased with the amount of the addition increased. There were no significant differences in gumminess while chewiness increased with the amount of the addition increased. The sensory evaluation showed the lowest color with the amount of the addition increased; 10% addition was most preferred in flavor and taste; there was no significant difference in texture; there was no significant difference in 0, 10, 20% additions in overall acceptability. Taking the quality assessment and the sensory evaluation together, it is considered that general tastes of ginger muffins can be improved when ginger juice addition is 10% of water amount used.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.575-580
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• 2011

Sulgidduk samples were prepared with substitutions of 5, 10, 15, and 20% Queso blanco cheese powder (QBCP) to rice flour basic formulation, along with a control, were then compared in terms of quality characteristics including moisture content, external surface appearance, color, textural characteristics, and sensory analysis, in order to determine the optimal ratio of formulation. Moisture contents were not significantly different among the Sulgidduk samples. For external surface appearance, as QBCP content increased, darkness and yellowness increased. With regard to color, lightness decreased with increasing QBCP content, while redness and yellowness increased. In terms of textural characteristics, hardness, gumminess, and springiness increased as QBCP content increased. The control group had significantly higher fracturability than the QBCP samples. Adhesiveness was highest at the 5% QBCP substitution level, while lowest at the 20% level. Cohesiveness was minimal the 10% QBCP sample, not significantly different among the QBCP samples. Chewiness and resilience were not significantly different among the QBCP samples. In sensory evaluation, color, flavor, and overall acceptability decreased, while softness not significantly different among the QBCP samples. Cheese flavor, saltness, milk fat taste, moistness and off-flavor increased with increasing QBCP content.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiologic features of febrile illnesses in newborns and to predict the risk of serious infections in this population. Methods : A retrospective study was conducted on 123 full-term infants <30 days of age with an axillary temperature >38$^{\circ}C$ who were hospitalized between 2000 and 2006. Neonates with prenatal risk factors, congenital anomalies, antibiotic administration prior to admission to the hospital, or suspected hospital-acquired infections were excluded. We evaluated the symptoms, physical examination findings, laboratory data, and clinical course between the high- and low-risk groups for serious infections. Results : The high-risk group included 30 infants with the following diagnoses in order of frequency: aseptic meningitis, urinary tract infection, bacterial meningitis, infectious enteritis, sepsis concomitant with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, bacteremia, pneumonia, cellulitis, and omphalitis. Leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia were statistically different between the two groups. Factors, such as moaning signs, seizures, body temperature, and pulse rate were statistically significant. Conclusion : Unlike previous studies, we included newborns with clinical bacterial infections and aseptic meningitis as the high-risk group. Leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, moaning signs, seizures, and changes in vital signs were considered useful predictors for identifying febrile neonates at high-risk for serious infections in spite of a difference in the definition of serious infection.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.649-659
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare the level of MMP-1 in the healthy or inflamed gingival tissue of patients with or without type 2 diabetic mellitus. We investigated whether mean amount of MMP-1 was changed by chronic periodontitis and type 2 DM. Gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal surgery or tooth extraction. According to the patient's systemic condition & clinical criteria of gingiva, each gingival sample was divided into the three group. Group 1(n=8) was clinically healthy gingiva without bleeding and no evidence of bone resorption or periodontal pockets, obtained from systemically healthy 8 patients. Group 2(n=8) was inflamed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis. Group 3(n=8) was inflamed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes. Tissue samples were prepared and analyzed by Western blotting. The quantitative analysis of MMP-1 was performed using a densitometer and statistically analyzed by ANOVA. MMP-1 was expressed in all samples and an increased MMP-1 level was observed in group 2 compared to group 1 and decreased MMP-1 level was found group 3 compared to group 2, but the differences among 3 groups were not statistically significant. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that MMP-1 levels of inflamed gingiva of systemically healthy patient(group 2) were higher than normal gingiva of systemically health patients and although the severity of gingival inflammation in group 2 and 3 were similar, MMP-1 expression was decreased in diabetic patients than systemically healthy periodontal patients.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.56-59
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• 2008

Extrahepatic portosystemic shunts, known as Abernethy malformations, were first reported by John Abernethy in 1793. They are classified into two types: Type I refers to a congenital absence of the portal vein and Type II refers to a shunt involving a side-to-side anastomosis with reduced portal blood flow into the liver parenchyma. This malformation is so rare that less than 100 cases have been reported in the medical literature. We report the case of a 13-month-old boy who had a congenital extrahepatic portocaval shunt with a hypoplastic portal vein. This case was complicated with an atrial septal defect and a large hyperplastic nodule in the liver. The patient was diagnosed with a Type II Abernethy malformation. We planned on surgical occlusion of the extrahepatic portocaval shunt. However, six months later, the patient had a sudden onset of a fever of unknown origin and developed hepatic encephalopathy. Although he underwent a liver transplantation, he died of acute hepatic failure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2012

The radioprotective effects of white ginseng and Entomopathogenic Fugi Extract on liver damage induced by X-ray were investigated. To one group of ICR male mice were given white ginseng(150 mg/kg/day for 7days, orally) and Entomopathogenic Fugi (200 mg/kg/day for 7days, orally) before X-ray irradiation. To another group were irradiated by 5 Gy(1.01 Gy/min) dose of X-ray. Contrast group were given with saline(0.1 ml). The levels of reduced(GSH) and oxidized(GSSG) glutathione in liver tissue were measured. The ratio of GSSG/total GSH was significantly decreased in the white ginseng and Entomopathogenic Fugi (200 mg/kg/day)(150 mg/kg/day) groups than irradiation group.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 2007

A pulmonary blastoma is a rare malignant tumor of the lung that is composed of epithelial and mesenchymal elements and resembles the structure of an embryonic lung. Pulmonary blastomas have a very poor prognosis and make up 0.25 to 0.5 percent of all primary malignant lung tumors. A pulmonary blastoma usually manifests as a solitary parenchymal mass or nodule and multiple subpleural mass with effusion on chest X-ray and computed tomography. We encountered a very rare case of pulmonary blastoma in a 52 years old male. He complained of abdominal pain, fullness, and dyspnea. The radiology examination revealed a huge lung mass invading the mediastinum, heart, diaphragm, and liver. The percutaneous needle biopsies were performed, and this tumor was diagnosed as a pulmonary blastoma. We report a biopsy confirmed case of a huge pulmonary blastoma invading multiple organs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.7 s.252
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• pp.461-467
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• 2005

Pleura, diaphragm, pericardial fat pad, intercostal muscles and omentum can be used to protect and revascularize the bronchial suture line of tracheal transplantation, lung transplantation and pulmonary resection. The purpose of the present study is to compare the influence of the pleura, diaphragm and omentum in survival of isolated tracheal segments in the experimental animals. Material and Method: Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250- 350g were used. The animals were divided in three groups; the pleura, omentum and diaphragm. Following intraperitoneal anesthesia, endotracheal intubation was performed. Then the trachea was exposed. A three-ring sec- tion of cervical trachea was excised. The resected trachea was implanted at each sites. After 2 weeks, rats were sacrificed. Histopathological examination of the tracheal segments was performed. For comparison of each groups, histopathological viability of resected tracheal segment was scored by three tissue layers; epithelium, submucosa, and cartilage. The results were presented as average score. Result: In histopathological examination, submucosa and cartilage using tracheal segment necrosis scoring system. The pleural group showed well preserved tissue. There was minimal necrosis and inflammation compared with other groups. In the pleural group, tracheal necrosis scores were $2.17\pm0.983$at epithelium, $1.67\pm0.516$ at submucosa and $2.17\pm0.753$ at cartilage. At the omental group, scores were $1.00\pm0.00,\;1.60\pm0.548\;and\;1.80\m0.447$. In the diaphragmatic group, scores were $1.40:\pm0.894,\;2.40\pm0.547\;and\;2.20\pm0.447$. Total necrosis score were $6.00\pm1.789$ in the pleural group, $4.40\pm0.894$ in the omental group and $6.00\pm1.414$ in the diaphragmatic group. Conclusion: There were no significant viability differences in terms of total necrosis score for the viability of resected tracheal segment. But the best result was achieved in the omental group. Therefore, omental wrapping on tracheal graft site will be beneficial for the prevention of graft necrosis.