• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.391-399
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to verify the causal relationship between social withdrawal and peer alienation among Korean children. The survey study participants were 2,110 children in 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades. The 5-year longitudinal data (Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey; KCYPS) of 1st grade elementary school student cohort was used. Latent Growth Modeling was applied to analyze the causality over time of social withdrawal and peer isolation. The results revealed that the trajectories of children's social withdrawal decreased over time. Children's social withdrawal showed significant individual differences in terms of initial value and rates of change. The initial value and slope of children's social withdrawal had an effect on the peer alienation in the 3rd grade; however, there was no significant effect on the peer alienation in the 5th grade.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.377-378
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 청소년기의 사회적 위축과 또래관계, 그리고 우울 간에 어떠한 종단적 관계가 있는지 검증하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 한국아동 청소년패널조사(KCYPS) 중학교 1학년 2, 3차년도 자료에 대하여 자기회귀 교차지연모형을 구성하고 이에 대하여 구조방정식을 이용하여 실증적 검증을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 2차년도의 사회적 위축, 또래관계, 우울은 각각 3차년도의 동일한 변인에 대하여 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 2차년도의 또래관계는 3차년도의 사회적 위축과 우울에 모두 유의한 영향을 미치는 반면, 2차년도의 사회적 위축과 우울은 각각 3차년도의 또래관계에만 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상에서 도출된 연구 결과에 근거하여 사회적 위축과 또래관계, 그리고 우울을 경험하고 있는 청소년들에 대한 예방 및 개입과 관련된 함의가 제시되었다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 1990

Silage productivity of 7 corn and 3 sorghum hybrids was determined at two planting dates differing in rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) infection rates in the southern part of Korea where RBSDV is prevalent. 1. Percent stand was similar between two planting dates, but that of corn hybrids (85.0-99.5 %) was higher compared with sorghum (59.8-82.3 %). Culm length of corn hybrids at April 23 planting was longer compared with May 20 planting, but that of sorghum hybrids was similar between two planting dates. 2. RBSDV infection rate of corn hybrids at April 23 planting was lower compared with May 20 planting, but sorghum was not infected at both planting dates. Among corn hybrids Suweon 19 was most severely infected, but Suweon 99 was least infected at both planting dates. 3. Percent ear bearing plants and earltotal dry matter (TDM) ratio of corn hybrids at April 23 planting was higher than those of May 20 planting. Among the corn hygrids percent ear beraring plants, ear/TDM ratio of Suweon 19 was lowest at both planting dates due to severe RBSDV infection. Ear/TDM ratio of sorghum hybrids was below 17.8 % due to sterility and partially bud damages. 4. Silage yield at April 23 planting was higher than that at May 20 planting and sorghum hybrids outyielded corn hybrids. Silage yield of Suweon 19 and Jinjuok was lowest due to severe RBSDV infection. 5. Crude protein was similar regardless planting dates, species, and varieties except the lowest P 931. Ether extract at April 23 planting was lower then that at May 20 and corn was lower compared with sorghum hybrids. Crude fiber and nitrogen free extracts(NFE) was similar between planting dates. Crude fiber of corn was lower, but NEF was higher compared with sorghum, but similar among hybrids in a species. 6. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) at May 20 planting was higher than that of April 23 planting and corn was higher than sorghum hybrids. Digestible dry matter (DDM) of both corn and sorghum at April 23 planting was higher than that of May 20 planting. At April 23 planting DDM of all corn and sorghum hybrids was similar, but DDM of Suweon 19 and Jinjuok was lower than other corn and sorghum hybrids.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.249-267
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• 2021

This study examined how social withdrawal as an individual factor and discrimination as a contextual factor contributed to depression caused by peer victimization among middle school students. Self-reported data of 1,611 students from 86 classrooms in 7 middle schools was analyzed, using multilevel path analysis. The results indicate that peer victimization had a significant partial mediating effect on the relation between social withdrawal and depression at the individual level. Social withdrawal had a direct positive effect on depression as well as an indirect positive effect on depression via high levels of peer victimization. Discrimination also positively predicted peer victimization at the classroom level. Moreover, classroom-level discrimination moderated the individual-level relations between social withdrawal and peer victimization. The relation between social withdrawal and peer victimization was much stronger as the levels of discrimination in the classroom were higher. These findings shed light on the importance of considering both individual and contextual factors when intervening to prevent peer victimization.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.225-236
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• 2011

This study was aimed to determine the fish physical status according to the gross and histopathological findings of liver in cultured black rock fish, Sebastes schlegeli. All 47 fish submitted had no marked abnormalities in the external findings. 42.55% of fish showed normal liver, 25.53% yellow liver, 25.53% atrophic brown liver, 4.26% yellowish-green liver and 2.13% fatty liver in gross examination. Grossly normal liver showed no remarkable change in lobular structure but many vacuoles were found in hepatic cell. Hepatic cells took normal roundish, polygonal shapes containing spherical nuclei. In group of yellow-brown liver, many brown pigments were seen in hepatic cells, MMCs and brown-colored hyaline droplets within cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Yellowish green pigments were seen in hepatic cells and MMCs of yellow green liver and green colored hyaline droplets within hepatocytes. The dilated central veins are highlighted with atrophy of hepatic cells. Outline of atrophic hepatocyte became ambiguous and nucleus frequently become small and pyknotic. Fatty liver showed prominent vacuolar structures in cells as clear spaces or foamy cytoplasm with degenerative nuclei. From these results, it was strongly suggested that hepatic gross and histological findings could be used as important and critical health parameters of fish prior to progression to substantial manifestation as clinical disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.59
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• pp.59-86
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of childhood obesity on school adjustment and whether the effects were mediated by withdrawal. Using the 2015 Korea Welfare Panel Study data, this study conducted a hierarchical regression analysis to examine the mediating effects of withdrawal on the relationship between childhood obesity and school adjustment. In addition, a Sobel test was used to consider the statistical significance of the mediating effects. Findings were as follows: First, childhood obesity had a negative influence on school adjustment. Second, childhood obesity affected withdrawal positively. Third. withdrawal had a negative impact on school adjustment. Fourth, withdrawal was found to partially mediate the relationship between childhood obesity and school adjustment. Based on the results, implications were discussed to intervene in preventing childhood obesity and to reduce the negative effects of childhood obesity.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2020

This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of social withdrawal between adolescents' mobile phone dependence and the sense of community, and to secure the evidence data for adolescents' mobile phone dependence intervention. Among the 7th year data for the 4th grade students in the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS), 1,979 students were included. The results showed that mobile phone dependence had a significant effect on the decrease in the sense of community and influenced the sense of community through social withdrawal. These results imply that positive intervention to reduce social withdrawal is needed and it can improve the sense of community in youth. Also, when we deal with weakening in the sense of community, we should consider convergent intervention in psychological and social aspects which deal with dependency, social withdrawal, and the sense of community.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.119-127
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the structural relationship between depression, self-esteem, and social withdrawal that affect academic helplessness in adolescents. The study sample was 2,265 first-year students of high school in the fourth year (2021) data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018. In this study, data were analyzed by a structural equation model based on the partial least squares method using SmartPLS 3.0. Results indicated that depression and social withdrawal had a significant positive effect on adolescents' academic helplessness, and self-esteem had a significant negative effect. In addition, social withdrawal had a significant positive mediating effect on the relationship between depression and academic helplessness. Therefore, it is required strategies that consider the relationship between depression, self-esteem, and social withdrawal to approach adolescents' academic helplessness.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.373-374
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 청소년기의 휴대폰 의존의 시간의 흐름에 따른 발달적 변화를 확인하고, 부모 지지 및 사회적 위축과 이러한 변화 사이에 어떠한 종단적 관계가 있는지를 검증하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 한국아동 청소년패널조사(KCYPS) 중학교 1학년 1~3차년도 자료에 대하여 잠재성장모형을 구성하여 이에 대한 실증적 검증을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 중학교 1학년에서부터 3학년까지 휴대폰 의존 정도는 선형으로 증가하는 패턴을 보였으며, 1차년도의 부모지지는 휴대폰 의존의 초기치에, 그리고 휴대폰 의존 초기치와 변화율은 각각 3차년도의 사회적 위축에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상에서 도출된 연구 결과에 근거하여 청소년기 휴대폰 의존에 대한 예방 및 개입과 관련된 함의가 제시되었다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2005

Purpose : An atrophic renal scar(RS) is one of the underlying causes for childhood hyper tension and chronic renal failure. The risk factors for atrophic renal scar were evaluated. Methods : 41 children, who presented with first febrile urinary tract Infection at the Ewha Womans University Hospital between 1995 and 2003 and had generalized atrophic RS on $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal scan, were retrospectively studied. Atrophic RS was divided into severe atrophic RS(n=14) if relative uptake on renal scan was below 10$\%$, or mild atrophic RS(n=27) if relative uptake on renal scan was between 10-35$\%$. RS was defined as congenital if the scar was detected on the first renal scan, and as acquired if the scar developed on the follow-up renal scan from acute pyelonephritis of the first renal scan. The control group was consisted of randomly selected 41 children with segmental RS. The risk factors for atrophic RS such as the generation time, VUR, gender and ACE gene polymorphism were evaluated. Results : The age distribution of atrophic RS and segmental RS did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The rate of congenital RS in atrophic RS was 61.0$\%$(25/41), which was significantly higher than 9.8$\%$(4/41) of segmental RS(P<0.01). Atrophic RS developed mote frequently in male children(M:F 68.3$\%$ 31.7$\%$) than segmental RS(M:F 41.4$\%$ .58.5$\%$)(P<0.05). Vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) was found in 92.7$\%$(38/41) of 4he atrophic RS, which was significantly higher than 53.7$\%$(22/41) of segmental RS(P<0.05). In children without VUR, the male to female ratio did not differ between atrophic RS and segmental RS(P>0.05) But in children with VUR, there was a higher proportion of males with severe atrophic RS than segmental RS($85.7\%:45.5\%$) ACE gene polymorphism did not differ between the atrophic and segmental RS groups, irrespective of the presence of VUR(P>0.05). Conclusion : Most atrophic RSs were congenital which could not be preventable postnatally and the major risk factors were VUR and the male gender. ACE gene polymorphism was not the significant risk factor for an atrophic RS. (J Korean Soc Pedialr Nephrol 2005;9:193-200)