• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.86-97
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• 2012

Ground vibration induced by a bench blasting in the construction site should cause the damage to the structure and indirect damage to a human body, and the vibration level is most practical descriptor for regulating the damage to human body and peak particle velocity is the descriptor for direct damage assesment of the structure. Meantime, the vibration level has not been considered for the blasting design but this study is the case that apply not only peak particle velocity but also vibration level on the blasting design. Also, we strongly believe that this study will be helpful for the management in the blasting site which some civil appeal is concerned. Total 232 measurements of both ppv and vibration level was used to estimate the scale distance. When the regulating threshold was ppv 0.3 cm/s and vibration level 75 decibel, the charge per delay to be estimated with vibration level could be recommended by 1.2~1.4 times than it of ppv. So, it is proven that considering vibration level on the blasting design is reasonable for not only prevention of the civil appeals but also effective blasting. Again, the blasting design which follows the law, "Noise and Vibration Control Act" can actually serve good condition to carry much more economical and effective blasting. The instruments used for this study are the SV-1 model, as first instrument in korea which can measure vibration velocity and vibration level at the same time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.161-161
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• 2017

스마트 시설환경의 제어 요소는 난방기, 창 개폐, 수분/양액 밸브 개폐, 환풍기, 제습기 등 직접적으로 시설환경의 조절에 관여하는 인자와 정보 교환을 위한 통신, 사용자 인터페이스 등 간접적으로 제어에 관련된 요소들이 복합적으로 존재한다. PID 제어와 같이 하는 수학적 논리를 바탕으로 한 제어와 전문 관리자의 지식을 기반으로 한 비선형 학습 모델에 의한 제어 등이 공존할 수 있다. 이러한 다양한 요소들을 복합적으로 연동시키기 위해선 기존의 시퀀스 기반 제어 방식에는 한계가 있을 수 있다. 관행의 방식과 같이 시계열 상에서 획득한 충분한 데이터를 이용하여 제어의 양과 시점을 결정하는 방식은 예외 상황에 충분히 대처하기 어려운 단점이 있을 수 있다. 이러한 예외 상황은 자연적인 조건의 변화에 따라 불가피하게 발생하는 경우와 시스템의 오류에 기인하는 경우로 나뉠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 실시간으로 변하는 시설환경 내의 다양한 환경요소를 실시간으로 분석하고 상응하는 제어를 수행하여 수학적이며 예측 가능한 논리에 의해 준비된 제어시스템을 보완할 방법을 연구하였다. 과거의 고성능 컴퓨팅(HPC; High Performance Computing)은 다수의 컴퓨터를 고속 네트워크로 연동하여 집적적으로 연산능력을 향상시킨 기술로 비용과 규모의 측면에서 많은 투자를 필요로 하는 첨단 고급 기술이었다. 핸드폰과 모바일 장비의 발달로 인해 소형 마이크로프로세서가 발달하여 근래 2 Ghz의 클럭 속도에 이르는 어플리케이션 프로세서(AP: Application Processor)가 등장하기도 하였다. 상대적으로 낮은 성능에도 불구하고 저전력 소모와 플랫폼의 소형화를 장점으로 한 AP를 시설환경의 실시간 제어에 응용하기 위한 방안을 연구하였다. CPU의 클럭, 메모리의 양, 코어의 수량을 다음과 같이 달리한 3가지 시스템을 비교하여 AP를 이용한 마이크로 클러스터링 기술의 성능을 비교하였다.1) 1.5 Ghz, 8 Processors, 32 Cores, 1GByte/Processor, 32Bit Linux(ARMv71). 2) 2.0 Ghz, 4 Processors, 32 Cores, 2GByte/Processor, 32Bit Linux(ARMv71). 3) 1.5 Ghz, 8 Processors, 32 Cores, 2GByte/Processor, 64Bit Linux(Arch64). 병렬 컴퓨팅을 위한 개발 라이브러리로 MPICH(www.mpich.org)와 Open-MP(www.openmp.org)를 이용하였다. 2,500,000,000에 이르는 정수 중 소수를 구하는 연산에 소요된 시간은 1)17초, 2)13초, 3)3초 이었으며, $12800{\times}12800$ 크기의 행렬에 대한 2차원 FFT 연산 소요시간은 각각 1)10초, 2)8초, 3)2초 이었다. 3번 경우는 클럭속도가 3Gh에 이르는 상용 데스크탑의 연산 속도보다 빠르다고 평가할 수 있다. 라이브러리의 따른 결과는 근사적으로 동일하였다. 선행 연구에서 획득한 3차원 계측 데이터를 1초 단위로 3차원 선형 보간법을 수행한 경우 코어의 수를 4개 이하로 한 경우 근소한 차이로 동일한 결과를 보였으나, 코어의 수를 8개 이상으로 한 경우 앞선 결과와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 현장 보급 가능성, 구축비용 및 전력 소모 등을 종합적으로 고려한 AP 활용 마이크로 클러스터링 기술을 지속적으로 연구할 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.115-131
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• 2001

The Purpose of this study is to develop a simulation model for large-scale network with interrupted flow as well as uninterrupted flow. The Cell Transmission(CT) theory is used to simulate traffic flow. Flow transition rules have been newly developed to simulate traffic flows at merging and diverging sections, and signalized intersections. In the model, it is assumed that dynamic OD table is exogenously given. Simulation results for toy network shows that the model can explain queue dynamics not only in signalized intersections of urban arterials, but also in merging and diverging sections of freeway. In case study, the model successfully simulated traffic flows of 145,000 vehicles on CBD network of city of Seoul with 74 traffic zones, 133 signalized intersections among 395 nodes and 1110 links.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.583-590
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• 2011

The effect of the physical parameters in the reactor (aeration depth, bubble size, and surface area) and the alkalinity of the solution on the ammonia stripping by bubbling were evaluated. When an airflow of 30 L/min was bubbled below the solution surface in the range 6-53 cm, the ammonia removal rate were observed to be the same regardless of the bubbling depths. At pH 10.0 and a temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, the average rate constant and the standard deviation were $0.178h^{-1}$ and 0.004. No appreciable changes in the ammonia removal rate were also observed with varying the bubble size and the air-contacting surface area. Alkalinity of the solution was found to affect the ammonia removal rate indirectly. This is expected because the pH of the solution would vary with dissolution of gaseous $CO_2$ by air bubbling. The real wastewaters from landfill site and domestic wastewater treatment plant were tested. In the case of domestic wastewater (pH = 7.1, alkalinity = 75 mg/L), the ammonia removal rate was poor even with the control of pH to 9.3. The raw landfill leachate (pH = 8.0, alkalinity = 6,525 mg/L), however, showed the appreciable removal rate with increasing pH during aeration. When the initial pH of the leachate was adjusted 9.4, the removal rate was significantly increased without changing the pH during aeration.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2004

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of life of staffs in a hospital. The results of the investigation were taken as a basic data of evaluating the quality of life of patients in psychiatric hospital and family members. Methods: The subjects of this study were Ankang Chungang Hospital staffs. The tool of this study was the Korean version of the SmithKline Beecham Quality of Life Scale. A total of 39 survey was returned. All answers were analyzed statistically by ANOVA or t-test. Results: Internal consistency was high, measuring 0.887 for the 23 items. Staffs have, statistically insignificant, relatively high quality of life. Indirect patient contact group and married group scored more higher than the other group. In so far as age, 30s and 40s scored more higher than the others averagely, the higher educated group, the higher quality of life, except factor competence and physical well-being. Conclusion: This study results support that the indirect patient contact group have higher quality of life in competence factor in quality of life. We recommend that the program that lift self-esteem and quality of life should be supplied for direct patient contact group who may have burnout syndrome. It will be necessary to evaluate the quality of life of patients in psychiatric hospital and patients' family members later.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.1005-1014
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• 2009

Purpose:Epilepsy of child may cause high level of psychosocial difficulties for parents including stigmatization and stress and therefore worsen their quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mediating effect of perceived stigma against epilepsy on QOL among parents with epileptic child. Methods:Two hundred and sixty parents of epileptic child recruited from five separated university hospital child neurology clinics specializing in epilepsy completed a demographic questionnaire, a medical questionnaire, a perceived stigma questionnaire and the Ro's Quality of Life Inventory, a popular tool for evaluating QOL of adults in Korea which is composed of 6 domains and 47 questions. Data was analyzed with SPSS 14.0 program using frequency analysis and descriptive analysis and with AMOS 7.0 program using Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis. Results:The level of parents' QOL was relatively fair. SEM analysis on the quality of life level of parents showed that all variables (especially having religion, the monthly income, employment state, age of child, the leisure time, the perceived stigma level against epilepsy, and seizure frequency) directly affect the quality of life level of parents and that disease-related variables also affect the quality of life level of parents indirectly through the mediating factor (the perceived stigma), where the indirect effect is large with the existence of combined disabilities. The total effect on the quality of life level of parents is large with the existence of combined disabilities, the perceived stigma level, the leisure time, having religion, and the monthly income. Conclusion:The results of this study indicated that many factors including parents' perceived stigma may affect the quality of life of parents with epileptic children directly, and that some disease-related factors may affect indirectly through a mediating factor, the perceived stigma. Multidisciplinary collaboration would be imperative for their welfare.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.479-485
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• 2017

This study estimated the non-use values of the Gum river estuary which are not related to the direct or indirect use of the Gum river estuary using the contingent valuation method (CVM). The non-use values of the Gum river estuary were explained and asked to be evaluated in the CVM questionnaire and estimates of the WTPs(willingness-to-pay) were elicited using the Turnbull nonparametric estimation methods on the dichotomous choice CV data. Results found the Turnbull lower bounded mean WTP per year for non-use value of the Gum river estuary was estimated at 5,822 won (95% C.I. 5,295 ~ 6,349 won) from single dichotomous CV data, and 6,205 won (95% C.I. 5,701 ~ 6,710 won) from double dichotomous CV data. The mean of two WTP estimates, 6,014 won (95% C.I. 5,498 ~ 6,529 won), was used to calculate the annual total non-use value of the Gum river estuary. Therefore, the non-use value of the Gum river estuary was estimated at 220.3 billion won (95% C.I. 201.4 - 239.2 billion won) annually. This non-use value of the Gum river estuary was composed of the bequest value totaling 68.3 billion won (95% C.I. 62.5 - 74.2 billion won), the existence value of 58.0 billion won (95% C.I. 53.0 - 63.0 billion won), the option value of 57.7 billion won (95% C.I. 52.7 - 62.6 billion won), and the vicarious consumption value totaling 36.3 billion won (95% C.I. 33.1 - 39.4 billion won).

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.105-138
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• 2017

This is case comments of several representative legal cases regarding self- determination right of patient. In a case in which an intoxicated patient attempted suicide refusing treatment, the Supreme Court ruled that the medical team's respect for the patient's decision was an act of malpractice, and that in particular medical situations (medical emergencies) the physician's duty to preserve life supersedes the patient's rights to autonomy. Afterwards, at the request of the patient's family, and considering the patient's condition (irrecoverable death stage, etc.) consistent with a persistent vegetative state, the Supreme Court deduced the patient's intention and decide to withdraw life-sustaining treatment. More recently, regarding patients who refuse blood transfusions or other necessary treatment due to religious beliefs, the Supreme Court established a standard of judgment that can be seen as conferring equal value to the physician's duty to respect patient autonomy and to preserve life. An empirical study of legal precedent with regard to cases in which the physician's duty to preserve life conflicts with the patient's autonomy, grounded in respect for human dignity, can reveal how the Court's perspective has reflected the role of the patient as a decision-making subject and ways of respecting autonomy in Korean society, and how the Court's stance has changed alongside changing societal beliefs. The Court has shifted from judging the right to life as the foremost value and prioritizing this over the patient's autonomy, to beginning to at least consider the patient's formally stated or deducible wishes when withholding or withdrawing treatment, and to considering exercises of self determination right based on religious belief or certain other justifications with informed refusal. This will have a substantial impact on medical community going forward, and provide implicit and explicit guidance for physicians who are practicing medicine within this environment.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1996

For the detection of Cwptospori,mum oocysts, fecal samples were collected from 201 calves which showed diarrhea. Among the 201 samples, 29 samples (14.4%) were positive for Cwptosporinium spry. by the DMSO-modified acid-fast stain (MAFS) , 23 samples (11.4%) were positive by commercial kit (Meridian Diagnostics, Cincinnati, Ohiol and 23 by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA )assay employing the monoclonal antibody (mAb C6). When tested by both IFA and MAFS, 20 fecal samples were positive for Cwptosporinium oocysts whereas 169 fecal samples were negative. If the MAFS is considered a standard method for oocyst detection, the IFA showed 69% of sensitivity and 98% of specificity. When tested by both IFA and commercial kit, 22 fecal samples were positive for Cwptospori,mum oocysts while 177 samples were negative. One sample tested by IFA was found to be false negative, when compared with the results by commercial kit. The sensitivity of IFA was calculated as high as 96%; the specificity as 99% and the predictive value was also 99%. In the present study, IFA employing the nAb C6 revealed that 23 samples (11.4%) were positive among the 201 calves showing diarrhea. Of 23 IFA positive samples, 4 samples (5%) showed cryptosporidial oocysts more than 105 OPG Therefore. it is concluded that the calves showing cryptosporidial oocysts more than 105 OPG in the feces were highly associated with clinical cryptosporidiosis.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.1059-1071
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• 2008

Users in ubiquitous computing environment can easily access and use a multitude of devices and services anywhere and anytime. The key technology to realize this scenario is the method to intuitively provide proper user interfaces for each device and service. Previous attempts simply provided a designated user interface for each device and service or provided an abstract user interface to control common functions of different services. To select a target appliance, either user directly specified the target device or depended on sensors such as RFID tags and readers limiting the applicable scenarios. In this paper, we present UbiController which uniquely uses camera on the mobile device to recognize markers of appliances to acquire user interface for controlling task. UbiController aims to provide automatic discovery of multiple services in the smart home environment, support traditional GUI and novel camera-based recognition method as well as intuitive interaction methods for users. In this paper, we show experiments on the performance of UbiController's discovery and recognition methods and user feedback on interaction methods from a user study.