• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.189-193
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• 2020

In this study, the structural analysis of the track was performed according to the gap between the rails due to thermal expansion by the frictional contact between the wheels of the train in motion. The equivalent stress and total deformation at the condition for which the gap between joints are wide as the winter condition (model B) can be seen to happen more than at the summer condition (model A) in which the joints are narrow. If the results of this study are applied to the design of railway tracks, it is thought to be highly useful in preventing fatigue failure and increasing its durability. By applying the durability analysis at the seam of railroad track by season, this investigation result is seen to be favorable as the convergent research applied to the aesthetic design.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Although enormous data have been collected in major cities (Korea) by APTS(Advanced Public Transit Systems), most of studies related to bus schedule management evaluation have confined to headway adherence and on-time performance. Therefore, bus operation management have been very lack of using APTS data. This study uses coefficient of correlation to evaluate bus company's schedule management level. However, direct application of coefficient of correlation has inequitable problem because of many limitation(number of vehicle, headway, etc). and so variable calibration method was developed and applied to cope with these problems. Thus, demand-elastic management evaluation index was developed. For verifying the equity of developed index, it is applied to Seoul bus routes. It is expected for the developed index to contribute into the demand-elastic management of bus schedule.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.142-142
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• 2012

지금까지 국내 연구에서 EFDC 모형의 활용은 WASP 모형과 연계하여 저수지 수리해석에 주로 이용되었으며, 하천의 수리해석에서도 많이 활용되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 EFDC 모형의 Full 버전을 이용하여 하천 수질모델링을 수행하고 적용성과 수질해석의 재현성을 검토하고자 한다. 국립환경과학원의 8일 간격 실측자료를 사용하기 위하여 대상구간을 낙동강 본류 C에서 낙동강 본류 K까지를 선정하였고, 2차원 수리해석과 수질해석을 수행하였다. 수리해석의 결과를 확인하기 위하여 유량을 실측자료와 비교하였으며, 수질인자는 수온, COD, TOC, DO, TN, TP에 대해 모의하였으며, 모형에서 직접 계산되지 않는 BOD는 COD와 환산을 통해 간접적인 방법으로 산정하여 실측자료와 비교하였다. EFDC 모형의 하천에서의 수질해석 적용성을 평가하기 위하여 모의 결과와 실측자료를 이용하여 통계분석을 수행하여 수리 수질해석의 재현성을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 수행한 EFDC를 이용한 수리 및 수질 모델링의 모의의 예측결과는 우수한 것으로 판단되나, BOD의 경우 다른 인자들의 모의결과에 비해 다소 낮게 나타나고 있는데, 이는 COD나 TOC와 관련된 BOD의 환산에 대한 연구의 부족으로 인한 결과로 보이며, 향후 보다 향상된 기법을 이용한다면 이러한 문제는 개선될 것으로 판단된다. 검증을 위한 실측치로 8일 간격 실측치를 이용하였는데 이 자료의 경우 8일 간격이므로 실제로 결측치가 많이 발생을 하고, 또한 유량이 많이 발생하는 홍수기시에는 관측을 하지 않는 문제가 있어 실제로 자료의 변동이 큰 경우에는 모의 결과가 실측치의 경향을 잘 쫓아가지 못하는 문제가 발생하게 된다. 따라서 모의결과 신뢰도 향상을 위해 일간격의 실측치를 확보하거나 또는 결측치를 보완할 수 있는 기법에 대한 선행 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2013

The visual sensibility and preferences are closely related with color combinations, stripe intervals, and stripe complexity. We studied the effect of stripes characteristics on visual sensibility and preferences for men's shirts fabrics. As a result of a factor analysis, the adjectives were classified by viewers into 5 factors as attraction, maturity, dignity, practicality, and simplicity. We found that stripe intervals had a significant visual effect on maturity, dignity, and practicality. The uneven stripes had higher scores for dignity and practical while lower for mature. The stripes with consecutive order of two different thickness were felt more strongly in attractive, practical, and preferred. The results also showed that stripes with compound and contrast colors were attractive and preferred.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.6 s.84
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• pp.741-750
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• 2004

Air voids in hardened concrete have an important influence on concrete durability such as freeze-thaw resistance, surface scaling resistance, and water permeability, and they have been characterized by spacing factor Linear traverse and point count methods in ASTM standard have been used in estimating an air void system in hardened concrete. However, these methods require lots of time and efforts, further they are not repeatable. Image analysis method could be utilized In estimating an air void systems in hardened concrete with a developments of microscope, digital camera and computer program. The purpose of this study was to develope image analysis method and provide a guideline by comparing the results from ASTM method and image analysis method. The concerns were at air void content and diameter distribution, air voids system as well as spacing factors. The experimental variables included air content by air entrained agent (0, 0.01, $0.03\%$) and depth of specimen (top, middle, bottom). The result showed that it was possible to calculate spacing factor using image analysis technique, as well as air content, air diameter distribution, and air structure. This study also contributed in developing an reasonable and repeatable image analysis method.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.367-375
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• 2014

Recently the use of concrete post-installed set anchors has been increasing because this constructing method is flexible and easy to attach or fix structural members when we repair, reinforce, or remodel a concrete structures. Depending on the shear strength of steel, the strength of concrete, edge distance and anchor interval, etc, the anchor loaded in shearing exhibits various failure modes such as steel failure, concrete failure, concrete pryout. In this study, the objective is to investigate the effects of the variations like anchor embedment depth, anchor interval, edge distance and concrete strength on the shear failure behavior of post-installed concrete set anchor embedded in concrete. The results of embedment depth experiments show that concrete strength has much effection on the shallow embedment depth. Steel failure occur to all results of the anchor interval experiments, but concrete is failed when edge distance experiments that less than the embedment depth. Through the comparision of the same parameters experiments results show that as strong as concrete strength are the displacement results are small.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.335-341
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• 2015

In this study, we analyzed a two-dimensional Stokes flow through a microchannel containing projections with constant spacing attached to each wall. The projections on the top and bottom walls were semi-circular in shape, with in-phase locations. By considering the periodicity and symmetry of the flow, the eigenfunction expansion and least squared error method were applied to determine the stream function and pressure distribution. For some typical radius and spacing values, the streamline patterns and pressure distributions in the flow field are shown, and the shear stress distributions on the boundary walls are plotted. In addition, the average pressure gradients in the microchannel are also calculated and shown with the radius and spacing of the projections. In particular, the results for the case of extremely small gaps between the projections on the top and bottom walls are in good agreement with the lubrication results.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2008

The goal of rotator cuff repairs is to achieve high initial fixation strength, minimize gap formation, maintain mechanical stability under cyclic loading and optimize the biology of the tendon-bone interface until the cuff heals biologically to the bone. Single row repairs are least successful in restoring the footprint of the rotator cuff and are most susceptible to gap formation. Double row repairs have an improved load to failure and minimal gap formation. Transosseous equivalent repairs (suture bridge technique) have the highest ultimate load and resistance to shear and rotational forces and the lowest gap formation. Even though the superior advantages of double row and transosseous equivalent repairs, those techniques take longer surgical time and are more expensive than single row repairs. Therefore single row repairs can be useful in bursal side partial thickness or small size full thickess rotator cuff tear.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.3821-3828
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• 2000

Many software projects collect grouped failure data (failures in some failure interval or in variable time interval) rather than individual failure times or failure count data during the testing or operational phase. This paper presents the neural network (NN) modeling that is dble to predict cumulative failures in the variable future time for grouped failure data. ANN's predictive ability can be affected by what it learns and in its ledming sequence. Eleven training regimes that represents the input-output of NN are considered. The best training regimes dre selected rJdsed on the next' step dvemge reldtive prediction error (AE) and normalized AE (NAE). The suggested NN models are compared with other well-known KN models and statistical software reliability growth models (SHGlvls) in order to evaluate performance, Experimental results show that the NN model with variable time interval information is necessary in order to predict cumulative failures in the variable future time interval.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.172-172
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• 2015

하천에서 발생하는 소류력은 하상 변동을 발생시키기 때문에 주변 구조물이나 하천의 흐름특성 등을 변화시키게 되며, 유사이송, 침식 및 퇴적, 유동해석 등에 매우 중요한 하천 계수이다. 하천에서 소류력의 직접 측정은 매우 어려워 직접 측정 대신 하천경사 및 동수반경을 기반한 단면 평균소류력 산정 공식을 일반적으로 이용한다. 그러나, 이러한 방식은 상세한 유사이송, 세굴 등의 해석에는 한계가 있기 때문에 국부적인 소류력이 필요하다. 실내 실험에서는 프레스톤게이지를 활용한 직접 측정이나, 난류측정을 통한 레이놀즈 분포를 외삽하여 단면에서 국부적인 소류력을 측정하는 방식이 사용되어 왔다. 반면, 실제 하천에서는 국부 소류력 직접측정 및 난류 산정이 거의 불가능하거나 비효율적이므로 대안으로 하천의 연직유속분포에 대수분포를 적용하여 소류력을 추정하는 간접적인 방법이 제시되어 왔다. 일부 실내실험에서 대수법칙을 통한 소류력 산정 방식은 직접 측정을 통해 검증한 바가 있으나 실제 하천은 난류의 공간 시간적 스케일이 실내 규모와 상이하여 국부 소류력에 영향을 미칠 수 있어 이러한 검증결과를 현장 적용하기에는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 실제 규모 하천에서 대수법칙을 활용한 국부 소류력 산정 결과와 레이놀즈 응력의 연직분포 측정을 통해 산정한 값과 비교하여 대수법칙 활용 소류력 산정 방식의 적용성을 검토하였다. 실험은 중소규모의 하천을 재현한 한국건설기술연구원 안동하천실험센터 직선(A1) 및 사행(A2) 하천의 유속측정을 수행하였으며, 유속 측정에는 정밀도가 높으나 실내에서 주로 사용된 초음파지점유속계(Micro ADV)를 현장에 설치하여 사용하였다. ADV의 관측 시간은 90초이며, 직선수로에서는 횡방향으로 25 cm 간격, 수심방향으로는 5 ~ 10 cm 간격으로 측정하였고, 사행수로는 횡방향으로 50 cm 간격, 수심방향 5 ~ 10 cm 간격으로 측정을 수행하였다. 실험결과 대수법칙과 레이놀즈 분포로부터 산정된 국부 소류력은 사행과 직선 모두 상당한 이격을 보였다.